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COMPOSITE SENTENCE AS A POLYPREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION

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COMPOSITE SENTENCE AS A POLYPREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION

COMPOSITE SENTENCE AS A POLYPREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION - раздел Философия, ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА § 1.The Composite Sentence, As Different From The Simple Sen...

§ 1.The composite sentence, as different from the simple sentence, is formed by two or more predicative lines. Being a polypredicative construction, it expresses a complicated act of thought, i.e. an act of mental activity which falls into two or more intellectual efforts closely combined with one another. In terms of situations and events this means that thecomposite sentence reflects two or more elementary

situational events viewed as making up a unity; the constitutive connections of the events are expressed by the constitutive connections of the predicative lines of the sentence, i.e. by the sentential polypredication.

Each predicative unit in a composite sentence makes up a clause in it, so that a clause as part of a composite sentence corresponds to a separate sentence as part of a contextual sequence. E.g.:

When I sat down to dinner I looked for an opportunity to slip in casually the information that I had by accident run across the Driffields; but news travelled fast in Blackstable (S. Maugham).

The cited composite sentence includes four clauses which are related to one another on different semantic grounds. The sentences underlying the clauses are the following:

I sat down to dinner. I looked for an opportunity to slip in casually the information. I had by accident run across the Driffields. News travelled fast in Blackstable.

The correspondence of a predicative clause to a separate sentence is self-evident. On the other hand, the correspondence of a composite sentence to a genuine, logically connected sequence of simple sentences (underlying its clauses) is not evident at all; moreover, such kind of correspondence is in fact not obligatory, which is the very cause of the existence of the composite sentence in a language. Indeed, in the given example the independent sentences reconstructed from the predicative clauses do not make up any coherently presented situational unity; they are just so many utterances each expressing an event of self-sufficient significance. By way of rearrangement and the use of semantic connectors we may make them into a more or less explanatory situational sequence, but the exposition of the genuine logic of events, i.e. their presentation as natural parts of a unity, achieved by the composite sentence will not be, and is not to be replaced in principle. Cf.:

I ran by accident across the Driffields. At some time later on I sat down to dinner. While participating in the general conversation, I looked for an opportunity to slip in casually the information about my meeting them. But news travelled fast in Blackstable.

The logical difference between the given composite sentence and its contextually coherent de-compositional

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ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

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М. Я. Блох
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

Блох М. Я.
Б70 Теоретическая грамматика английского языка: Учебник. Для студентов филол. фак. ун-тов и фак. англ. яз. педвузов. — М.: Высш. школа, 1983.— с. 383 В пер.: 1 р. В учебнике рассматриваютс

GRAMMAR IN THE SYSTEMIC CONCEPTION OF LANGUAGE
§ 1.Language is a means of forming and storing ideas as reflections of reality and exchanging them in the process of human intercourse. Language is social by nature; it is insepara

CHAPTER IV GRAMMATICAL CLASSES OF WORDS
§ 1.The words of language, depending on various formal and semantic features, are divided into grammatically relevant sets or classes. The traditional grammatical classes of words

CHAPTER IX NOUN: ARTICLE DETERMINATION
§ 1.Article is a determining unit of specific nature accompanying the noun in communicative collocation. Its special character is clearly seen against the background of determining

CHAPTER XVI VERB: VOICE
§ 1.The verbal category of voice shows the direction of the process as regards the participants of the situation reflected in the syntactic construction. The voice of the

CHAPTER XVIII ADJECTIVE
§ 1.The adjective expresses the categorial semantics of property of a substance. It means that each adjective used in the text presupposes relation to some noun the property of who

CHAPTER XX SYNTAGMATIC CONNECTIONS OF WORDS
§ 1.Performing their semantic functions, words in an utterance form various syntagmatic connections with one another. One should distinguish between syntagmatic groupings

ACTUAL DIVISION OF THE SENTENCE
§ 1. The notional parts of the sentence referring to the basic elements of the reflected situation form, taken together, the nominative meaning of the sentence. For the sake of terminological consi

CHAPTER XXIII COMMUNICATIVE TYPES OF SENTENCES
§ 1. The sentence is a communicative unit, therefore the primary classification of sentences must be based on the communicative principle. This principle is formulated in traditional grammar as the

SIMPLE SENTENCE: CONSTITUENT STRUCTURE
§ 1.The basic predicative meanings of the typical English sentence, as has already been pointed out, are expressed by the finite verb which is immediately connected with the subjec

CHAPTER XXV SIMPLE SENTENCE: PARADIGMATIC STRUCTURE
§ 1.Traditional grammar studied the sentence from the point of view of its syntagmatic structure: the sentence was approached as a string of certain parts fulfilling the correspond

CHAPTER XXVIII COMPOUND SENTENCE
§ 1.The compound sentence is a composite sentence built on the principle of coordination. Coordination, the same as subordination, can be expressed either syndetically (by means of

CHAPTER XXIX SEMI-COMPLEX SENTENCE
§ 1. In accord with the principles laid down in the introductory description of composite sentences (Ch. XXVI), the semi-composite sentence is to be defined as a sentence with more than one predica

CHAPTER XXX SEMI-COMPOUND SENTENCE
§ 1. The semi-compound sentence is a semi-composite sentence built up on the principle of coordination. Proceeding from the outlined grammatical analysis of the composite sentence, the structure of

CHAPTER XXXI SENTENCE IN THE TEXT
§ 1.We have repeatedly shown throughout the present work that sentences in continual speech are not used in isolation; they are interconnected both semantically-topically and synta

SUBJECT INDEX
absolute and relative generalisation 77; 79; 81 absolute construction 112; 114; 180; 348-350 actional and statal verbs: see verb subclasses active (verb-form)