Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns. - раздел Философия, The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation Ukrainian Proper Names Are Mostly Conveyed On The Basis Of Their Phonemic / O...
Ukrainian proper names are mostly conveyed on the basis of their phonemic / orthographic structure, i. e. aretransliterated in English. One of the efforts to get rid of our former colonial past was the adoption by the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada of the Romanization System, which enable the conveying of our proper and geographical names in accordance with some rules. This is how the system is presented:
Ukrainian Romanization Ukrainian Romanization
1. Aa Aa 18. Нн Nn
2. Бб Bb 19. Оо Oo
3. Вв Vv Ww 20. Пп Pp
4. Гг Hh 21. Рр Rr
5. Гг Gg 22. Сс Ss
6. Дд Dd 23. Тт Tt
7. Ее Ee 24. Уу Uu
8. Єє Ye, ie 25. Фф Ff
9.Жж Zh 26. Хх Kh
10. Зз Zz 27. Цц Ts
11. Ии Yy 28. Чч Ch, tch, č
12. Іі Ii 29. Шш Sh, š
13. Її Yi, ii 30. Щщ Shch
14. Йй Yy 31. Юю Yu, iu
15. КК Kk, ck 32. Яя Ya, ia
16. Лл Ll 33. ь ’
17. Mm Mm
A practical realization of system can be illustrated on many Ukrainian names:
/и/ → y: Кирило – Kyrylo, Винник – Vynnyk;
/ ї/ → уі, іі, і: When preceded by a vowel, the sound [ j ] is to be conveyed through the letter i. Зінаїда - Zinaida, Zinaida. When i initiates the proper name, the sound expressed by it has to be conveyed through the yi letter combination: Ївга – Yivha, Їжакевич – Yizhakevych.
/й/→ when preceded by the /i/ sound it is conveyed in English as ii, iy: Андрій – Andriy, Гулій – Huliy, Hulii.
When preceded by [ и ] – yi: Горовий – Horovyi, Сірий – Siryi, Hnidyi.
/ю/→ yu, iu
/є/→ ye, ie
/я/→ ya, ia; Яким – Yakym, Забіяка – Zabiyaka. The sound /я/ in the final position of a word or a name can sometimes be conveyed by the ia. Марія – Maria, Yulia, Malaysia
/ь/ → Ukrainian palatalized consonants obtain a hard pronunciation in English. Василь - Vasyl’; Луцьк – Lyts’k , Red’ko, Koval’.
/ж/→ is conveyed with the help of the zh letter combination. Жук - Zhuk, Жанна - Zhanna.
/х/→ through the kh :Хома - Khoma, Химич - Khymych.
/ч/→ ch, tch, č. Клочко - Klochko, Klotshko,Чорний - Chornyi.
tch is often used in final position – Корч - Kortch.
/ш/→ sh, š
Recently, in accordance with the internationally agreed rules (UNESCO) our [ч] sound is often conveyed via the č sigh and [ш] - š sigh: Частій- Častiy, Chastii, Черниш- Černyš, Chernysh, Богач- Bohatch, Bohač.
[шч] щ –has similarly no equivalents in English. Traditionally through the combination shch or sch, now sometimes šč Щаденко– Shchadenco, Ющук- Yuschuk, Yushchuk.
[в]- v, Володимир- Volodymyr, Вовчок-Vovchok, but , Віль of course must be only –Will. Consequently may also be Wowchenko, Warenyk, Wowchok.
Interrelation with other disciplines... Many aspects of translation have been covered by other disciplines such as... Stages of translation process understanding...
Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
Translation as a term and notion is of polysemantic nature. The first common and most general meaning is associated with the action or process of rendering the cont
Stages of translation process.
Psychologically viewed translation process includes two mental processes:
-understanding (1);
-verbalization (2).
4.1. The translator understands the content of ST, first
Types of translation.
The types of translation can be singled out depending on the predominate communicative function, the form of speech involved in translation process. So we can distinguish between literary a
Pragmatic adaptation.
The communicants involved in interlingual communication not only speak different languages but also have different general knowledge, social and historical background and belong to different cultur
Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
Translation is a complicated phenomenon involving linguistic, psychological, cultural, literary and other factors. The most of the research of up-to-date translation has been made within linguistic
Context.
When confronted with the text to be translated, the translator’s first concern is to understand it by assessing the meaning of language units in the text against the contextual situation and the ex
Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
The MiddleAges(500 AD – 1450 AD)are characterized by a general lack of progress. Translations and interpretations are known to have been performed in the domains o
Translation during the Renaissance period.
The Renaissance period which began in the 14th century in Italy was marked by great discoveries and inventions, the most significant of which was the invention of the moving printing pre
Identification of international lexicon units.
Internationalisms are such language units which are borrowed from one and the same source language (SL) by at least three genealogically different 1anguges in the same or similar l
Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо-український фразеологічний словник. - К. Радянська школа, 1996. - 1052 с.
2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фразеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча
Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо – український фразеологічний словник. – К.: Радянська школа, 1996. – 1052 с.
2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фоазеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча категорія. – Львів: Вища школа
Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
Many phraseological expressions singled out by V. Vinogradov as unities may reflect national features of the SL (reference to traditions, customs, events, geographical position). Being nationally d
То be (to)
to be to is the synonymous to have to and is realized depending on the form and lexical meaning of the infinitive following it. Mostly -мати, even повинен, мусити. According to the agreement rent w
Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
Grammatical (syntactic) modality is of common nature in English and Ukrainian as well. It expresses actions viewed upon as real, unreal, optative, hypothetic, conditional, interrogative, incentive.
Transformations in the process of translation.
1. The kind of major and minor alteration in the structural form of language units performed with the aim of achieving faithfulness in translation are referred to as transl
Grammatical transformation.
Faithfulness of transformation depends on the functional and never on the formal approach to the choice of corresponding linguistic means. E.g.
I wanted to have done it myself. -Я хотів це
Lexical transformations.
The term was used by Retsker. Sometimes to achieve adequacy the translator must considerably change words and phrases of the original and instead of formal correspondences use functional correspond
Lexico-grammatical transformations.
Antonymic transformation is defined as rendering SL unit with the help of opposite words and constructions. It is employed for achieving faithfulness in conveying the content or ex
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