рефераты конспекты курсовые дипломные лекции шпоры

Реферат Курсовая Конспект

The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.

The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names. - раздел Философия, The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation [æ] - A, E. Angela-Анджела, Енджела, Andy- Енді, Анді. [٨...

[æ] - a, e. Angela-Анджела, Енджела, Andy- Енді, Анді.

[٨] - a, y, o. Ulrica- Алріка, Улріка; Ulster- Ольстер, Doug- Даг.

[u:] [ju]-. у,ю. Cooper- Купер, Judy-Джуді, Muriel-М’юріель, Ouse-р.Уз, Purim-Пюрім, Rubens- Рубенс, UNESCO- ЮНЕСКО.

[ð] - is substituted for т, д, з: Caruthers-Карудерс, Карузерс, Brothers- Бразерс, Carmarthenshire- Кармартеншір.

[ө] –т, с, ф (in Greek names): Bath- м. Бат, Dartmouth- Дартмут, but Athos- Афон, Carthage- Карфаген, Картаген.

[ŋ] –нг. Darlington- Дарлінгтон, Goulding- Голдінг.

[l] – л, л Larry-Ларрі, Леррі, Charles- Чарльз, Clinton- Клінтон.

Some componental phonemes may have traditionally established substitutions in separate nouns. Thus,

[w] – may be в or у. Washington- Вашінгтон, Wales- Уельс, Westminster- Весмінстер, Wilde- Вальд, Bristow- Брістоу, Show- Шоу.

So, English proper names are either transcribed or transliterated(or partly transcribed and partly transliterated) in Ukrainian. Mostly transcribed are names surnames containing specific English vowel phonemes: Abe – Ейб, Eli – Ілай, Aileen – Ейлін, Chauncey –Чонсі.

A number of English names are rendered by the way of transliteration only: Barbara, Victor, Adams, Barker, Clark, Wilson, Robert, etc.

Some proper names are transliterated with the omission or addition: McDonald – Макдональд, Dinah – Діна, Judah – Юда.

The bulk of all English proper names are also rendered into Ukrainian with the help of phonological / phonetical level units, i.e., either transcribed or transliterated. Care should be taken in order to avoid the influence of both the lingual and extralingual factors. E. g., the well – known names as Adam, David can be Адам, Давид (Biblical or historical) or Едем, Девід (common people’s names). Similarly with Matthew, Paul, Rachel – Матвій, Павло, Рахіль or Метью, Пол, Рейчел; Pope John Paul II – Папа Іоан Павло ІІ.

Mostly translated are the names of kings, queens, princes, princesses. There are exceptions: King Charles /George – Король Карл, Георг; Queen Elisabeth, Mary Stewart – Королева Єлизавета, Марія Стюарт.

Nicknames of people are almost always translated – King Richard the Lion heart – король Ричард Левине Серце, цар Іван Грозний – Tsar Ivan the Terrible, князь Святослав Хоробрий – Prince Svyatoslav the Brave.

Prince Charles of Wales – mass media gives the wrong translation принц Чарльз instead of Карл.

Indian chief’s names and family names of American Indians are translated: Chingachgook the Big Serpen – Чінгачгук Великий Змій, Hawk’s Eye – Соколине око, John Running Deer – Джон Тікаючий Олень.

A considerable number of English geographical names are rendered into Ukrainian by way of transcription only: Capetown, Dashwood – Дешвуд, Seattle – Сіетл. In recent decades there had been a general tendency to transcribe or transliterate and not translate. Some words are rendered with the help of transcription and partly via transliteration: Birmingham – Бірмінгем, Brighton – Брайтон.

A few proper and geographical names have a traditionally established form which doesn’t reflect their pronunciation or orthographic form: Maine – Meн (штат США), Texas – Texac, Lake Superior – Озеро Верхнє, the Arctic Ocean – Північний Льодовитий океан.

Names of seas, oceans, bays, channels and territories having the structure of word – combinations are translated: the Gulf of Mexico – Мексиканська затока, Закарпаття – Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine, Краснодарський край – Krasnodar Territory; Азовське море – Sea of Azov.

Many geographical names require some identifying element in the TL: the Seychelles - Сейшельські о-ви; Sutherland – Сазерленд (графство Шотландії); Донбас – Donets coal field, Львівщина – Lviv region, oblast.

3. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms.

3.1. Traditionally, most names of companies are transcribedor transliterated and shortly explicated at the same time. This method is also employed when rendering the names of publishing houses, titles of newspapers, magazines. A shorter explication is practiced when the name of the company is well- known, a longer when translating at speech / text level. Campbell Soups Co. – компанія по виробництву консервованих страв „Кемпбелл супс компані”, British – American Tobacco Co. – об’єднана анго-амер. компанія тютюнових виробів „Брітіш – Американ тобекко компані”, but: General Motors – корпорація „ Дженерал Моторз”.

Ukrainian companies, firms, state or private bodies are translated according to the same rule. E.g.: Київська фірма „Світанок” – Kyiv Svitanok civil services firm, Львівська взуттєва фірма „Прогрес” – Lviv Prohres footwear firm.

3.2. Translation of the names of publishing houses is performed according to the same rules. Cambridge University Press – англійське видавництво наукової та довідкової літератури при Кембріджському університеті „Кембридж юніверсіті прес”, Associated Book Publishers-лондонська книжково-видавнича фірма „Ассошіейтед бук паблішерз”

Frequently, the names of British (American, etc) publishing houses are not mentioned at all. In translation we should add the identifying noun видавництво: Penguin Books –лондонське вид-во „Пінгвін букс”, Random House (USA) – видавництво худ. лiтератури „Рендом Гаус” (США).

Names of Ukrainian publishing houses are rendered into English similarly: with noun Publishers or Publishing House added to it.

Вид-во„Дніпро” – Dnipro Publishers, вид-во „Школа” – Shkola Publishing House (primary and secondary school manuals, reference books, dictionaries).

3.3. Similarly the names of news agencies are rendered: Reuters (News Agency) – англ. інформаційне агентство „Рейтер”, інформаційне агентство ТАРС, Новості – Russian TASS / Novosti News Agency .

3.4. Names of theatres, cinemas, hotels are also mostly reproduced through transcription or transliteration and explication at the sаme time. The Empire – кінотеатр „Емпайер” (великий лондонський кінотеатр), Київський театр юного глядача – The Kyiv Young Spectators Theatre; Kyiv Cinema Hall. The Royal Court Hotel – готель „Роял Корт”, ресторан „Дніпро”,”Москва”- the Dnipro, Moskva restaurant; the Ukraine Hotel.

3.5. Names of Ukrainian newspapers, journals require in English more extended explication than in Ukrainian: газета „Голос України” – the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada Holos Ukrainy newspaper; журнал „Іноземні мови” – Ukrainian teachers of foreign languages Inozemni Movy journal.

The titles of English papers are less explicated in Ukrainian translation: the New York Times – газета „Нью-Йорк таймс”, the article before the tittles is mostly omitted. The Teacher – „Тічер” (щотижнева газета вчителів Великобританії)

3.6. The names of streets, avenues and squares used in contextual environment, they are transcribed or transliterated: Wall Street – Волл-Стріт, Oxford Street – Оксфорд-Стріт.

When used out of context there must be additional noun вулиця, бульвар, провулок: The streets with numbers have them translated, First Avenue – Перша авеню, бульвар Лесі Українки – Lesya Ukrainka Avenue; Андріївський узвіз – in translation plus noun вулиця – Andruivskyi Uzviz Road. The names of streets given in honour of some events are translated: бульвар Дружби народів – The Friendship of Nations Avenue.

The names of English squares are mostly transcribed with adding площа: Percy Circus – пл. Персі – серкус або Parliament Square – пл. Парлeмент-Сквер, Парламентська площа.

Адміністративний район – district, rayon

Житловий район міста – residential area in

3.7. Names of public bodies such as political parties, trade unions, national or international bodiesare translated: the Labour party – лейбористська партія, спортивне товариство „Динамо” – Dynamo sports society.

Names “trade union”, “association”, “society”, “brotherhood”, “organization”, “union” should always be translated as профспілка. Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers – об’єднана профспілка робітників машинобудівної промисловості.

Ukrainian trade unions in the some way: профспілка працівників освіти, вищої школи і наукових установ - Ukrainian Public Education, Higher School and Scientific Institutions Workers Union.

3.8. Specific attention should be paid to the translation of the names of institutions, enterprises, etc., bearing honorary names. In English the honorary name precedes the enterprise, whereas in Ukrainian it follows the name.

Humboldt State College – Державний коледж ім. Гумбальдта, Національна бібліотека України ім. академіка Вернадського - Ukrainian Academician Vernadskyi National Library.

Care should be taken to avoid the expression “the named after” which is to be used only in explanatory versions. Hence, the Lviv V. Stefanyk library and never “the named after” V. Stefanyk Lviv library.

 

 

– Конец работы –

Эта тема принадлежит разделу:

The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation

Interrelation with other disciplines... Many aspects of translation have been covered by other disciplines such as... Stages of translation process understanding...

Если Вам нужно дополнительный материал на эту тему, или Вы не нашли то, что искали, рекомендуем воспользоваться поиском по нашей базе работ: The main rules of conveying English sounds in Ukrainian translation of proper names.

Что будем делать с полученным материалом:

Если этот материал оказался полезным ля Вас, Вы можете сохранить его на свою страничку в социальных сетях:

Все темы данного раздела:

The theoretical and methodological aspects of translation
  1. Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation. 2. The object of translation theory, the problems which the translation studies. 3. Interrelation with othe

Translation as a notion and subject. Interpretation.
  Translation as a term and notion is of polysemantic nature. The first common and most general meaning is associated with the action or process of rendering the cont

The object of translation theory, the problems which the translatology studies.
Translation is a mean of interlingual communication. The translator makes possible an exchange of information between the users of different languages by producing in the TL a text, which has an id

Stages of translation process.
Psychologically viewed translation process includes two mental processes: -understanding (1); -verbalization (2). 4.1. The translator understands the content of ST, first

Types of translation.
The types of translation can be singled out depending on the predominate communicative function, the form of speech involved in translation process. So we can distinguish between literary a

Pragmatic adaptation.
The communicants involved in interlingual communication not only speak different languages but also have different general knowledge, social and historical background and belong to different cultur

Linguistic and extralinguistic aspects.
Translation is a complicated phenomenon involving linguistic, psychological, cultural, literary and other factors. The most of the research of up-to-date translation has been made within linguistic

Context.
When confronted with the text to be translated, the translator’s first concern is to understand it by assessing the meaning of language units in the text against the contextual situation and the ex

The earliest mentions of translation, the translation development during ancient times until 500AD.
World translation in general and European translation in particular has a long tradition. The earliest mention of translation used in viva voce goes back to approximately the year 3000 BC in ancien

Translation and interpretation during the Middle Ages.
The MiddleAges(500 AD – 1450 AD)are characterized by a general lack of progress. Translations and interpretations are known to have been performed in the domains o

Translation during the Renaissance period.
The Renaissance period which began in the 14th century in Italy was marked by great discoveries and inventions, the most significant of which was the invention of the moving printing pre

Translation during the period of classicism and Enlightenment.
The controversy between the supporters of three different approaches to translating continued unabated all through the periods of Classicism (17th – 18th centuries) and Enligh

The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and revival of translation activities in Ukraine.
A considerable intensification witnessed in Ukrainian translation during the 17th century, which could have been influenced by the initial activities in the Kyiv Mohyla Academy (founded

Rules and methods of Romanization of different Ukrainian proper nouns.
Ukrainian proper names are mostly conveyed on the basis of their phonemic / orthographic structure, i. e. aretransliterated in English. One of the efforts to get rid of our former

Identification of international lexicon units.
Internationalisms are such language units which are borrowed from one and the same source language (SL) by at least three genealogically different 1anguges in the same or similar l

Ways of conveying the lexical meaning of genuine internationalisms.
  2.1. Literal translating of genuine internationalisms. - letter-to-letter translation, but a letter may be dropped or added іn the TL (dentist, rector, stadi

Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо-український фразеологічний словник. - К. Радянська школа, 1996. - 1052 с. 2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фразеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча

Units of nationally biased lexicon and ways of their translation
  Each nation in the course of its historical development acquires a great number of features characteristic of the nation only and not pertained to any other, even to genealogically

Ways of rendering the meaning of nationally biased units of lexicon.
  2.1. By transcription or transliteration exclusively. The units, whose meanings are rendered at the phonological level, usually belong to genuine internationalisms.

Literature used and recommended
1. Баранцев К.Т. Англо – український фразеологічний словник. – К.: Радянська школа, 1996. – 1052 с. 2. Зорівчак Р.П. Фоазеологічна одиниця як перекладознавча категорія. – Львів: Вища школа

Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating.
Many phraseological expressions singled out by V. Vinogradov as unities may reflect national features of the SL (reference to traditions, customs, events, geographical position). Being nationally d

The lexico-grammatical expression of modality through modal verbs.
This kind of modality is realized in both 1anguages via modal verbs plus the infinitive of the notional verb, performing the function of compound modal verbal predicate. 1.1. Can /

То be (to)
to be to is the synonymous to have to and is realized depending on the form and lexical meaning of the infinitive following it. Mostly -мати, even повинен, мусити. According to the agreement rent w

Grammatical modality and mean of expressing it.
Grammatical (syntactic) modality is of common nature in English and Ukrainian as well. It expresses actions viewed upon as real, unreal, optative, hypothetic, conditional, interrogative, incentive.

Transformations in the process of translation.
1. The kind of major and minor alteration in the structural form of language units performed with the aim of achieving faithfulness in translation are referred to as transl

Grammatical transformation.
Faithfulness of transformation depends on the functional and never on the formal approach to the choice of corresponding linguistic means. E.g. I wanted to have done it myself. -Я хотів це

Lexical transformations.
The term was used by Retsker. Sometimes to achieve adequacy the translator must considerably change words and phrases of the original and instead of formal correspondences use functional correspond

Lexico-grammatical transformations.
Antonymic transformation is defined as rendering SL unit with the help of opposite words and constructions. It is employed for achieving faithfulness in conveying the content or ex

Objectively and subjectively conditioned transformations of lexical units in the process of translation.
Transformations of nationally peculiar lexical units become inevitable as a result of differences existing between the ways and means of expression of the same meanings in the SL in the TL . There

Хотите получать на электронную почту самые свежие новости?
Education Insider Sample
Подпишитесь на Нашу рассылку
Наша политика приватности обеспечивает 100% безопасность и анонимность Ваших E-Mail
Реклама
Соответствующий теме материал
  • Похожее
  • Популярное
  • Облако тегов
  • Здесь
  • Временно
  • Пусто
Теги