Seafood. - раздел Философия, Great Britain. Culture & Traditions. Saltwater Fish Eaten By The Native Americans Were Cod, Lemon Sole, Flounder, ...
Saltwater fish eaten by the Native Americans were cod, lemon sole, flounder, herring, halibut, sturgeon, smelt, drum on the East Coast, and olachen and salmon on the West Coast. Whale was hunted by Native Americans off the Northwest coast, especially by the Makah, and used for their meat and oil. Seal and walrus were also utilized. Eel from New York's Finger Lakes region were eaten. Catfish seemed to be favored by tribes, including the Modocs. Crustacean included shrimp, lobster, crayfish, and dungeness crabs in the Northwest and blue crabs in the East. Other shellfish includeabalone and geoduck on the California coast, while on the East Coast the surf clam, quahog, and thesoft-shell clam. Oysters were eaten on both shores, as were mussels and periwinkles.
Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine, that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine. Grillingmeats was common. Spit roasting over a pit fire was common as well. Vegetables, especially root vegetables were often cooked directly in the ashes of the fire. As early Native Americans lacked the proper pottery that could be used directly over a fire, they developed a technique which has caused many anthropologists to call them "Stone Boilers". They would heat rocks directly in a fire and then add the bricks to a pot filled with water until it came to a boil so that it would cook the meat or vegetables in the boiling water. In what is now the Southwestern United States, they also created ovens made of adobe called hornos in which to bake items such as breads made from cornmeal and in other parts of America, made ovens out of dug pits. These pits were also used to steam foods by adding heated rocks or embers and then seaweed or corn husks (or other coverings) placed on top to steam fish and shellfish as well as vegetables; potatoes would be added while still in-skin and corn while in-husk, this would later be referred to as a clambake by the colonists.
When the colonists came to America, their initial attempts at survival included planting crops familiar to them from back home in England. In the same way, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion. Through hardships and eventual establishment of trade with Britain, the West Indies and other regions, the colonists were able to establish themselves in the American colonies with a cuisine similar to their previous British cuisine. There were some exceptions to the diet, such as local vegetation and animals, but the colonists attempted to use these items in the same fashion as they had their equivalents or ignore them if they could. The manner of cooking for the American colonists followed along the line of British cookery up until the Revolution. The British sentiment followed in the cookbooks brought to the New World as well.
There was a general disdain for French cookery, even with the French Huguenots in South Carolina and French-Canadians. One of the cookbooks that proliferated in the colonies was The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy written by Hannah Glasse, wrote of disdain for the French style of cookery, stating “the blind folly of this age that would rather be imposed on by a French booby, than give encouragement to a good English cook!” Of the French recipes, she does add to the text she speaks out flagrantly against the dishes as she “… think it an odd jumble of trash.” Reinforcing the anti-French sentiment was the French and Indian War from 1754-1764. This created a large anxiety against the French, which influenced the English to either deport many of the French, or as in the case of the Acadians, they migrated to Louisiana. The Acadian French did create a large French influence in the diet of those settled in Louisiana, but had little or no influence outside of Louisiana.
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BRITISH CULTURAL TRAITS
Background.There is a considerable diversity of culture among British people. British does not equal English! The British people are made up of Scots, Welsh and English, and react
Teenagers and students life in England. Dating and marriage customs in Britain.
Pocket Money.The average amount of pocket money for seven to 11-year-olds is £6.31 per week. The average amount of pocket money for 12 to 16-year-olds is £9.15 per week
Marriage.
What is the legal age for marrying in the UK?
In England and Wales people cannot marry if they are aged 16 or 17 and do not have parental consent. (In the UK, the age of s
Eating.
They eat continental style, with fork in the left hand and the knife in the right.
In England people like to form orderly queues (standing in line) and wait patiently for our turn e.g. boa
Invitations.
“ Drop in anytime” and “come see me soon” are idioms often used in social settings but seldom meant to be taken literally. It is wise to telephone before visiting someone at home. If you receive a
Dining.
When you accept a dinner invitation, tell your host if you have any dietary restrictions. He or she will want to plan a meal that you can enjoy. The evening meal is the main meal of the day in most
BREAKFAST
What is a typical English Breakfast?
Most people around the world seem to think a typical English br
DINNER.
The evening meal is usually called 'tea', 'dinner' or 'supper'.
What is a traditional British Dinner?
A typical British meal for dinner is "meat and two veg". We put hot
Typical Traditional British Dishes.
Traditional British dishes have had competition from other dishes over the years. Despite this, if you visit England, Scotland or Wales, you can still be served up the traditional foods we have bee
Afternoon Tea and High Tea in England.
How Afternoon Tea was 'Invented'
The English ceremony of Afternoon Tea dates back to the 1840s but rather than being 'invented', it actually evolved out of the rituals and
English Cheeses.
Cheese is enjoyed by over 98% of households in England. Cheddar is a clear favourite, accounting for over 57% of the market, and is bought regularly by 94% of households. It is a hard cheese with a
English cuisine in details.
English cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with England. It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, largely du
Cheese.
English cheese is generally hard, and made from cows' milk. Cheddar cheese, originally made in the village of Cheddar, is by far the most common type, with many variations. Tangy Cheshire, salty Ca
Fish and seafood.
Although a wide variety of fish are caught in British waters, the English tend to mainly eat only a few species. Cod, haddock, plaice, huss, and skate are the fish-and-chip shop favourites. (The un
Pies, pastries and savoury puddings.
The English tradition of meat pies dates back to the Middle Ages, when an open top pie crust was used as the container for serving the meat and was called a coffyn. Since then, they have been a mai
Sausages.
English sausages are colloquially known as "bangers". They are distinctive in that they are usually made from fresh meats and rarely smoked, dried, or strongly flavoured. Following the po
Salted, smoked, pickles, preserves and condiments.
Northern European countries generally have a tradition of salting, smoking, pickling and otherwise preserving foods. Kippers, bloaters, ham, and bacon are some of the varieties of preserved meat an
Full English breakfast with bubble and squeak, sausage, bacon, grilled tomatoes and eggs.
A light breakfast might consist of breakfast cereal, muesli, boiled or scrambled eggs, toast and conserves or sometimes poached kippers. Continental breakfasts and porridge are also eaten. In the 1
The Sunday roast.
The Sunday roast was once the most common feature of English cooking. The Sunday dinner traditionally includes roast potatoes (or boiled or mashed potatoes) accompanying a roasted joint of meat suc
Dessert.
Traditional desserts are generally served hot and are highly calorific. A number are variations on suet pudding, and "pudding" is an alternative name for the dessert course in England. Th
Savoury dishes. Steak and Kidney Pudding
Traditionally pubs in England were drinking establishments and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than "bar snacks", such as pork scratchings, and pickled eggs, alon
Indian and Anglo-Indian cuisine
Indian cuisine is the most popular alternative to traditional cooking in Britain, followed by Chinese and Italian food. The chicken tikka masala is now considered one of Britain's most popular dish
Hot drinks.
Catherine of Braganza, Portuguese wife of Charles II, took the Portuguese habit of tea to Great Britain around 1660, subsequently to the introduction of coffee. Initially, its expense restricted it
Soft drinks.
For much of the 20th century Britain had a system where fresh milk was delivered to the doorstep in reusable glass bottles in the mornings, usually by electric vehicles called "milk floats&quo
Beer and cider.
England is one of the few countries where cask conditioned beer is still a major part of the market. Lager or Pilsener style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century
Wine and mead.
Wine often accompanies formal meals. It was introduced to England, for both production and consumption, by the Romans. Wine has been imported ever since, although it has not always been accessible
International reputation.
English cuisine may suffer from a relatively poor international reputation when compared to that of Italian cuisine or French cuisine. However, for many English people this perception seems outdate
Illustrations.
1. Popular names in England and Wales
Top 100 names for baby girls in England and Wales:
Top 100 names for baby boys i
How to eat with a knife and fork in England.
The fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right.
If you have a knife in one hand, it is wrong to have a fork in the other with the prongs (tines) pointed up.
Hold you
Savoury dishes
B
Sweet dishes
A
Food writers and chefs
A
The culture of the United Kingdom (watching films).
Завдання до семінарських занять № 2, 3, 4, 5.
1. Interesting facts about the life in the modern Britain.
2. Interesting facts about the life of English-speaking c
Relations and attitudes to other countries.
American culture is a Western culture, largely based on British culture with influences from other parts of Europe, the Native American peoples, African Americans and to a lesser ex
Culture.
Food.The types of food served at home vary the most and depend upon the region of the country and the family's own cultural heritage. Americanized versions of these cultural foods,
Table Manners for a Typical Evening Meal.
1. Sit - the host will tell you where to sit, or you ask.
2. Wait for others to start eating. Many homes will pray first.
3. Family style meal - food is passed to the right.
Common ingredients.
The American colonial diet varied depending on the settled region in which someone lived. Local cuisine patterns had established by the mid-18th century. The New England colonies were extremely sim
Fats and oils.
A number of fats and oils made from animals served to cook much of the colonial foods. Many homes had a sack made of deerskin filled with bear oil for cooking, while solidified bear fat resembled s
Southern variations.
In comparison to the northern colonies, the southern colonies were quite diverse in their agricultural diet and did not have a central region of culture. The uplands and the lowlands made up the tw
Th century—21st century.
Some corporate kitchens (for example, General Mills, Campbell's, Kraft Foods) develop consumer recipes. One characteristic of American cooking is the fusion of multiple ethnic or regional approache
New England.
New England is a Northeastern region of the United States, including the six states of Connecticut,Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The Native American cuisine became
Ethnic and immigrant influence.
The demand for ethnic foods in the United States reflects the nation's changing diversity as well as its development over time. According to the National Restaurant Association,
Restaurant
Early ethnic influences.
While the earliest cuisine of the United States was influenced by indigenous Native Americans, the cuisine of the thirteen colonies or the culture of the antebellum American South; the overall cult
Later ethnic and immigrant influence.
Mass migrations of immigrants to the United States came in several waves. Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815–1860, in which some five million English
Notable American chefs.
American chefs have been influential both in the food industry and in popular culture. An important 19th Century American chef was Charles Ranhofer of Delmonico's Restaurant in New York City. Ameri
Illustrations.
Seafood
F
History.
In ancient times, weddings were based out of commodity, rather than desire or love. In fact, the word "wedding" implies the security the groom's family provides to the family of the bride
Attire.
The saying, "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a silver sixpense inside your shoe," dates back to the Victorian era and requires the bride to accessori
Ceremony and Reception.
During the ceremony, it is customary to include bridesmaids and groomsmen in the event. The members of the bridal party are chosen to share the happiness with the couple getting married. Including
After the Wedding.
After the wedding reception, the newlyweds usually leave for their honeymoon, a trip to the destination of their choice. During this trip, which lasts anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, the c
American Traditions.
Weddings in the United States are the most varied and flexible in the world. There are not many wedding traditions that are unique to the United States because most are derived from other cultures.
Destination.
Destination weddings are becoming increasingly popular in the United States. Destination weddings, or "wedding aways" and "weddingmoons", allow the couple to completely design t
Prices in United States.
(http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/country_result.jsp?country=United+States)
Money needed for food (2000 calories, balanced).
Milk (regular), 0.25 liter
0.25 $
Loaf of Fresh White Bread (130.00 g)
0.57 $
Rice (0.13 kg)
Property Prices in United States.
Rent Per Month
mean
Taxi Fares in United States.
City
Taxi Start (Normal Tariff)
Taxi 1km (Normal Tariff)
Taxi 1hour waiting (Normal Tariff)
Akron, OH
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