Tatarstan - раздел Философия, Устные разговорные темы по английскому языку Tatarstan Is One Of The Most Industrialized Republics In Terms Of Population ...
Tatarstan is one of the most industrialized republics in terms of population and economic potential. As the Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic it was established in May, 1920 on the territory of the former Kazan Province Seventy years later, on August 30, 1990 it bе came the sovereign Republic of Tatarstan.
Tatarstan has an overall area of 67, 8 sq.km; the total population of the Republic is more than 3.5 million. It is situated in the Middle Volga region between Central Russia and the Urals. Its size is about equal to Switzerland and Belgium combined. There are 19 cities and towns and more than 3000 settlements in the Republic. Its territory is divided into several economic regions.
Old industrial Northwest region with the Kazan - Zelenodolsk agglomeration as its centre. Major industries of the region are machine-building, instrument-making, chemical and light industries.
New industrial Northeast region with the Naberezhniye Chelny - Nizhnekamsk agglomeration as its centre. Major industries of the region are automobile and chemical industries and power engineering. Famous heavy-duty trucks (large capacity lorries) are manufactured here.
The construction of Kama Automobile Works that started in 1971 gave birth to motor car construction as one of the main industries in Tatarstan. The city of Naberezniye Chelny where KamAZ is located is the Republic's second biggest city with population of over 500.000 people.
Nizhnekamsk is the main chemical centre of Tatarstan. Situated on the Kama, this city did not exist at all some 50 years ago. The local petrochemical plant, which developed into a production association, is among the largest of such enterprises both in our Republic and abroad.
The Southeast oil-extracting region. Our Republic is very rich in oil, which made it well-known in the world as a major oil-producing republic. It is oil that made Tatarstan an important centre of chemical and petrochemical industries. The main oil-producing towns are Leninogorsk, Almetyevsk and Bugulma.
The North, Central, South and Southwest parts of the Republic are rural agricultural regions. More than 15% of economically active population are engaged in the agricultural sector. Main grain crops are wheat, rye, barley, and oat. The Republic is also well-known for its cattle-breeding.
The main part of the foreign trade turnover of Tatarstan belongs to European and Asian countries Tatarstan exports oil and some 30 types of petrochemical products, compressors, optical devices, KamAZ trucks.
Vocabulary
Sovereign – суверенный
Overall – общий
Region – регион
Major – главный, важный, основной
Branches of industry = industries – отрасли промышленности
in t
Traveling
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays traveling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesq
Traveling by air
Take off when you want to and enjoy the comfort and high style of superb jet-liners. Arrive well-rested and well-fed. So many routes to fly, so many cities to see!
Many people prefer trave
Shops and Shopping
In every town there are dozens of shops, and going shopping is one of the most important of the housewife's duties. An Englishwoman, as a rule, deals with only one grocer, one butcher, one milkman
Vocabulary
Dosens –
Grocer – продавец в продуктовом магазине
Butcher – мясник
Milkman – молочник
Baker – пекарь, булочник
Cash – наличные деньги
Bill – сч
At a Grocery Store.
- Good morning, Mrs. Smith. How are you this morning?
- I'm fine, thank you. And how are you?
- I'm having a little trouble. I don't have any eggs or butter.
- Oh, that's
Conversation: At a Shoe Shop.
Shop Assistant: Good morning, madam. What can I do for you, please?
Mrs. Brown: A pair for this boy.
Shop Assistant: Shoes or boots, madam?
Mrs. Brown: Shoes.
Sh
My future profession
When you leave school you understand that the time to choose your future profession has come. It's not an easy task to make the right choice of a job. I have known for a long time that leaving scho
Vocabulary
choice – выбор
independent – независимый
far more – гораздо более
ability – способность
to change one's mind – передумать
to make up one's mind – решить
Olympic Games
The Olympic Games have a very long history. They began in 776 ВС in Greece and took place every four years for nearly twelve centuries at Olympia. They included many different kinds of sports: runn
The British Way of Life
Almost every nation has a reputation of some kind. The French are supposed to be merry; the Germans dull, formal, fond of military uniforms; the Americans boastful, energetic. The English are reput
Vocabulary
to suppose – полагать
Merry – весёлый
Boastful – хвастливый
to repute, to regard – считать
Reserved – сдержанный
Haughty – высокомерный
Steady
The Climate of England
England is an island country and its territory isn't very large. That's why there is no wide range of climatic conditions in this country. Weather conditions in England are much like those of the B
Vocabulary
Island – остров
Mild – мягкий
Wet – влажный
Changeable – изменчивый
Common – общий
Raincoat – плащ
Hardly – едва ли
wide range – широк
The American Way of Life
In Europe there are people who have lived in the same house and been in the same job for 20, 30, 50 years and would hate to change something. That's not the American way of life. They love chan
Vocabulary
spirit of adventure – дух приключений
to pull down – сносить
to throw away – выбрасывать
to prize – ценить
privacy – уединение
sociability – общительнос
Washington
Washington, the capital of the United States, was founded in 1791 in the District of Columbia. It was Washington who chose the place for the District.
Washington is not the largest city in
Washington
Washington, the capital of the United States, was founded in 1791 in the District of Columbia. It was Washington who chose the place for the District.
Washington is not the largest city in
May Day
May Day is not celebrated in Britain to the same extent that it is in many other countries. It became a public holiday only in relatively recent years and falls on the first Monday of May (and not
May Day
May Day is not celebrated in Britain to the same extent that it is in many other countries. It became a public holiday only in relatively recent years and falls on the first Monday of May (and not
Christmas
Most people in Britain see Christmas as the major festival of the year - an occasion for parties, giving and receiving gifts, eating and drinking, and generally having fun.
The many non-re
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln is the most famous example of the "American dream". Many Americans think that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position in th
Thomas Alva Edison
Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. At the age of seven he entered school but left it very soon. His mother then became his teacher. He had wonderful memory.
E
DISLIKES
I don't like (very much, at all)
I dislike
I'm not (very) fond of...
I hate...
Ex. I hate cold showers.
I can't bear (stand) - more colloquial.
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