Chartering of Ships - раздел Философия, Part III CUSTOMS Unit VIII CUSTOMS TARIFFS, TAXES AND DUTIES When The Senders Of Goods Have Very Large Shipments To Make, Especially When ...
When the senders of goods have very large shipments to make, especially when it concerns bulk cargoes, it is of greater advantage to them to have a whole ship at their disposal. They do not need to buy the ship but can hire it, and this is called "chartering".
The chartering of ships, being a highly specialized business, is usually done through the intermediary of brokers. In London, for example, there is a special center called the Baltic Exchange1 where the brokers operate, in much the same way as stock and share brokers on a stock exchange.
Ship brokers have an expert knowledge of rises and falls in rates for chartered ships, and the trends of the market. This is a very competitive business and there are no fix rates in it as in the case of the line companies2: tramp3 rates fluctuate very rapidly, depending upon supply and demand.
The contract between the shipowner and the charterer is called a charter party4, and it is a long and rather complicated document. A charter party may be for the carriage of goods from one specified port to another, and is known as a voyage charter5, or it may cover a period of time and is known as a timecharter6.
Much of business of chartering is done regularly by cable or fax. The following is an example of letter written from charters to brokers:
...We have signed the contract for the supply of computers, over the next seven months, to South America, and shall be glad to know if you can fix us a time charter for a suitable vessel.
The question of speed must be considered as the ship should be able to make five voyages in the time, allowing three days for loading and unloading on each voyage.
In view of the general slowness of the market at the moment we hope that you can get us a really good offer.
Some very large enterprises have their own fleet of ships, especially when they need to ship their raw material regularly from another part of the world; this is also the case when they specialize in one type of commodity, such as oil or coal.
It is obvious that such specific cargoes as oil, coal or grain, require special vessels for their transport. Grain in bulk, for example, is carried in ships that can be loaded and unloaded by special apparatus - pouring the grain into the holds of the ship and sucking it out for unloading, which avoids the long process of loading and unloading sacks. For loading and unloading of ships, ship agents - who are connected solely with ships (unlike forwarding agents) may offer their services.
The following is an example of offer of services from ship agents:
...We see from Lloyd’s List that your M.V.Saturn is expected to discharge at their port next week, and we would be very happy to offer you our services as agents.
Our firm has had considerable experience, having been established here for 50 years, and we are acting as agents to all Anglo-Saxon chartered vessels calling at this port.
You can rely on us to provide your vessel a quick turnround7, and we might also mention that we can deal. with all matters concerning crews.
If you decide to have us as agents we are sure you will be fully satisfied with the results.
Unit VIII CUSTOMS TARIFFS TAXES AND DUTIES... EPISODE Customs Tariffs in Russia In... Vocabulary Notes on the Text...
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Chartering of Ships
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Customs Tariffs in Russia
In every country import-export rates are supposed to fulfil four functions:
to protect home producers from foreign competition in order to increase their own competitiveness in the d
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
inflation; intervention; imposition; consumption; resourses; entities; tariffs; vehicles; materials; status
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
9. Insert appropriate prepositions:
1. All taxes, customs duties and other charges levied__connection __the performance__this Contract__Russia are to be paid__the Sellers
Free Econimic Zones (FEZ)
A: I say, did you hear anything about free economic zones?
В: What actually interests you about them?
A: Well, I have a lot of questions. What are they? Who organized them? What i
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Give English equivalents of the following Russian phrases:
по инициативе местных властей; с разрешения центрального правительства; независимые структурные образования;
Export-Import Documentation
The acquisition of overseas customers is only the first step in selling goods abroad. The job is not complete until a consignee has physically received the consignment and the consigner has been pa
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
acquisition; consequence; consignee; cycle; requirements; deferment; certificate; charges; contents; dimens
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
7. Read and translate the following:
1) The commercial invoice contains the names and addresses of the Sellers and the Buyers, a full description of the goods delivered in
Customs Control of the Cargo
Customs Officer: Good morning. Who’s the captain here?
Captain: Good morning. My name is Brook. What can I do for you?
Customs Officer: Customs control. Please be ready to complet
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Give the English equivalents of:
таможенный контроль; выполнять таможенные формальности; маршрут; страховой полис; сертификат заводских испытаний; комплект отгрузочных
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
7. Conduct the following two-way translation:
1. Через какие таможенные формальности должен пройти пассажир, прибывающий в нашу страну или убываю
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and phrases and learn their pronunciation:
machinery equipment; voyage; vessel; merchandise; harbour; freight rates; quote; particulars; s
Transport Documentation
Every mode of transport has its own specific document which remains the same irrespective of the method of transportation. For air transport it is the air waybill, referred to as the AWB, while for
Read and translate the text.
2. Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases in English:
a CMR form; a bill of lading; an air waybill; a carrier; a consignment note; a haulier; a freight for
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
6. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words and word expressions from the box below:
commodity; import or export documents; p
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Find in the text English equivalents of the following:
взять на себя управление таможенной разведывательной службой; понимание роли разведывательного таможенного управл
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
5. Read and translate the following text:
Abridged from Pulcovo Aviation Enterprise Inflight magazine.
The struggle against smuggling and violation of Cu
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
shipowners; brokers; crews; bulk; cargo; exchange; tramp; fleet; slowness; apparatus; chartering; intermedi
Types of Payments in Foreign Trade
Payment of goods supplied in the local trade is a rather simple matter. It is made either in advance or within a sensibly short period after delivery. If a buyer fails to pay, there comes legal act
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
acceptor; creditor; debtor; discredit; failure; reputation; transference; transaction; binding; fundamental
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
6. Fill in the required prepositions:
1) Payment__goods__the home trade is made either__advance or__a reasonably short period__delivery.
2) There is little time l
Discussing Terms of Payment Over a Phone
Customer: Good morning, Mr Galiano. My reason for calling you up is to tell you that we have decided to place an order with your company and would be glad if you could give it your early attention.
Read and translate the following dialogue. Act it out in pairs.
A. Have you considered our request to grant us credit for the construction of two supermarkets in our city?
B. Yes, we have. We know that you are carrying out a wide program of national de
Settlement of Accounts
When the buyer’s order is received by the manufacturer it is acknowledged by letter or postcard. The order is then passed for execution - by the Sales Manager and his department - and the work of p
Read and translate the Text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
accounts; cheque; concession; non-payment; remittance; settlement; due; overdue; valuable; notifying; total
The Reason For Insuring Goods
The general idea of insurance is to gain indemnity1 in the case of any happening that may cause loss of money.
Insurance has become more and more significant as commerce has dev
Read and translate the text.
2. Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
indemnity; burglary; threat; premium; coverage; average; pilferage; vibration; hazards; adventure; financia
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
9. Insert the appropriate prepositions:
1) Nowadays carrying__goods can be effected__sea,__air,__rail and__road. One transaction may involve both land and sea transportati
Ask eight questions about the previous text.
12. Give a free translation of the text:
Страхование - неотъемлемая часть повседневной жизни американцев. В семейном бюджете различного вида страховкам обычно отводится зн
Making an Insurance Claim
- Look, it’s all very well if the goods collected from the port, airport or whatever station is agreed upon are in good condition. But what if as a consignee I got my goods damaged? What am I suppo
Read and translate the dialogue.
2. Pronounce the following words correctly:
circumstances; procedure; nature; replacement; compensation; indemnity; surveyor; qualified; disinterested; scratched; jeopardi
Vocabulary and Speech Exercises
8. Fill in the missing prepositions:
1) Goods are normally insured__certain risks. They are usually insured__the full amount__their value. If they are found__arrival__the
Complaints and Replies to Compalaints
Complaints may be of several kinds, and may arise from delivery of damaged goods, wrong goods, or too few or too many goods. Even if the right articles are supplied in the right quantities, they ma
Read and translate the text.
2. Answer the following questions:
1) What may complaints arise from?
2) In what case do we complain of the quality of goods?
3) What should you mention
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