COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - раздел Философия, TEST 1. Cognitive Psychology Is A School Of Thought In Psychology That Examines In...
1. Cognitive psychology is a school of thought in psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. It had its foundations in the Gestalt psychology. Cognitive psychologists are interested in how people understand, diagnose, and solve problems, concerning themselves with the mental processes which mediate between stimulus and response. Cognitive theory contends that solutions to problems take the form of algorithms – rules that are not necessarily understood but promise a solution, or heuristics – rules, that are understood but that do not always guarantee solutions. In other instances, solutions may be found through insight, a sudden awareness of relationships.
2. Cognitive psychology is one of the more recent additions to psychological research, having only developed as a separate area within the discipline since the late 1950s and early 1960s. Ulrich Neisser coined the term ‘cognitive psychology’ in his book published in 1967 where he gives the definition of cognitive psychology characterizing people as dynamic information-processing systems whose mental operations might be described in computational terms.
3. This way of conceiving mental processes has spread psychology more generally over the past few decades, and it is not uncommon to find cognitive theories within social psychology, personality psychology, abnormal psychology, and developmental psychology; the application of cognitive theories to comparative psychology has driven many recent studies in animal cognition.
4. Because of the use of computational metaphors and terminology, cognitive psychology was able to benefit greatly from the flourishing of research in artificial intelligence and other related ideas in the 1960s and 1970s. In fact, it developed as one of the significant aspects of the inter-disciplinary subject of cognitive science, which attempts to integrate a range of approaches in research on.
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Personal internal mental processes are the subject of studying in cognitive psychology.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) истинным
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ28 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Cognitive psychology has been bringing much to the science of psychology since the beginning of the 20th century.
1) истинным
2) в тексте нет информации
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ29 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
It’s possible to find cognitive theories within behaviorist psychology.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ30 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Artificial intelligence contributed greatly to the development of comparative psychology.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ31 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
In the second half of the 20th century cognitive psychology started to exist not as a part of the science of psychology but as a separate area.
1) 4 2) 1
3) 2 4) 3
ЗАДАНИЕ32 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The way of interaction of human’s stimulus and his response is the question under consideration for cognitive psychologists.
1) 4 2) 3
3) 1 4) 2
ЗАДАНИЕ33 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Ответьте на вопрос:
What are algorithms?
1) Rules that are always understood by people and give a certain solution.
2) Integral parts of heuristics.
3) Rules that give a certain solution but not always understood by people.
4) Decisions that people take solving a task.
ЗАДАНИЕ34 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите основную идею текста
1) Cognitive psychology became a separate area in the middle of the 20th century.
2) Cognitive psychology contributed a lot to the development of artificial intelligence.
3) Cognitive psychology has recently greatly developed and its theories can be found in many other areas of psychology.
4) Using the knowledge of cognitive psychology it’s possible to predict and understand human mental processes.
ЗАДАНИЕ Выберите один вариант ответа... The importance of in intercultural communication is difficult to... economy policy...
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LEVELS OF MENTAL ORGANIZATION
1. We greatly underestimate consciousness when we attempt to redefine it as merely awareness or selective attention. Consciousness seems closer to the higher intellectual functions such as structur
TRAIT THEORIES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
1. Personality psychology studies personality based on theories of individual differences. One emphasis in this area is so construct a coherent picture of a person and his or her major psychologica
ROLE IN CURRICULAR DESIGN
1. The family and government want to play a part in setting up and controlling formal and many informal means of education. In the more-developed societies teachers are employed to do the work of e
PERCEPTION
1. Perception (in humans) is the process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint product of the stimulation and of the process
UNCONSCIOUS
1. Unconscious is the complex of mental activities within an individual that proceeded without his awareness. Sigmund Freud stated that such unconscious processes may affect a person’s behaviour ev
THE WORKSHOP OF THE WORLD
1. During the 19th century Britain was transformed from a mainly agricultural society into an industrial one. This change has been called the Industrial Revolution because of the dramatic effect it
UNIVERSITIES IN THE UK
1. Universities in Britain are a magnet for students all over the world. There’re currently over 250,000 from outside Britain studying at British universities. The largest single group is Chinese s
Agenda Topics
3:25 – 3:45 Financial Review John White, Financial Director
Discussion
White, Financial Director, provided a comprehensive update on the Company’s financial pla
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1. Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard for the important reforms in education that he accomplished. While he was a boy, his father and older
TEST 10
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
We should think of the Earth as a large ____. All the animals and plants depend on each other.
1) environment 2) ecology
MOTIVATION
1. Motivation is an internal state that activates, guides and sustains behavior. Educational psychology research on motivation is concerned with the volition or will that students b
TEST 11
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
When you own a house you have to pay a local tax on property called ____.
1) mortgage 2) income tax
3) value added
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1. It is impossible to wear clothes without transmitting social signals. Every costume tells a story about its wearer. Even those people who insist that they don’t pay attention to
TEST 12
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
Will the 3.30 appointment be ____ for you?
1) comfortable 2) convenient
3) cosy 4) profitable
TRAINING AND PROMOTION
1. In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without
TEST 13
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
The ____ means mass communication, such as television, radio, the press.
1) interaction 2) broadcasting
3) knowled
MAN AND HIS PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
1. The Earth is known to be several billion years old. Throughout this span of time the environment has been constantly changing – sometimes very slow, but at other times quite rapidly. It proves t
TEST 14
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
The graduates from our University take a ____ course to get the Candidate of Science Degree.
1) postgraduate 2) finishing
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1. Getting on well with colleagues, as anyone who works in an office knows, is a vital element in our working lives. Many office jobs involve a great deal of time spent talking. One British study o
TEST 15
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
She got ____ in personnel management from a private college.
1) a diploma 2) qualifications
3) an application form
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1. There’s no single science of society or science of humanity. Instead, there are several branches of learning that deal with the origins and activities of human groups. The size of such groups ra
TEST 16
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
In some countries the educational system is based on streaming which means that children are educated according to their ____.
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
1. For centuries philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists have tried to explain why men behave violently. Some psychologists think that violence or aggressiveness is an instinct which we are
TEST 17
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
The ____ of the classes at school is compulsory.
1) attitude 2) admitting
3) attendance 4) advertisement
&
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1. As a word religion is difficult to define, but as a human experience it is widely familiar. The 20th century German-born US theologian Paul Tillich gave a simple and basic definition of the word
TEST 18
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
Keep your mouth shut and your ____ open.
1) mind 2) eyes
3) ears 4) heart
ЗАДАНИЕ2
THE SUMMERHILL EXPERIMENT
1. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When starting the school, we had one main idea: to make the school fit the c
TEST 19
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
____ building in the workplace creates a sense of collective responsibility.
1) Team 2) Power
3) Conflict 4) Comput
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1. A teacher is someone acknowledged as a guide or helper in processes of learning. A teacher’s role may vary between cultures. Academic subjects are emphasized in many societies, but a teacher’s d
TEST 20
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
Great Britain is famous for the art of ____ dictionaries.
1) constructing 2) compiling
3) composing 4) collecting
ADDITIONAL LEXICAL TEST
№1. Parents should be able to prevent their children’s crimes or bad ____ .
1) behaviour 2) development 3) learning 4) self-control
№2. A branch
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