RELIGION - раздел Философия, TEST 1. As A Word Religion Is Difficult To Define, But As A Human Experience It Is...
1. As a word religion is difficult to define, but as a human experience it is widely familiar. The 20th century German-born US theologian Paul Tillich gave a simple and basic definition of the word: “Religion is ultimate concern.” This means the religion encompasses that to which people are most devoted or that from which they expect to get the most fundamental satisfaction of life. Consequently, religion provides adequate answers to such basic questions as What are the origins of the world? What is the meaning of human life? Why do people die and what happens afterwards? Why is there evil? How should people behave?
2. The word religion comes from the Latin word religio, which to the ancient Romans represented all the unknown forces around them that inspired awe and anxiety. Their religion was based on establishing mutual trust between the divine and human in order to secure the benevolence of the gods and their help in mastering those unknown forces.
3. Regardless of definitions, most religions (as the word is normally used) have certain elements in common. These include common rituals to perform, prayers to recite, places to frequent or avoid, holy days to keep, a body of literature to read and study, truths to affirm, leaders to follow, and ordinances to obey. many have buildings set aside for worship, and there are activities such as prayer, sacrifice, contemplation, and perhaps magic.
4. The existence of religion is rooted in the fundamental human desire to try to understand the origin of the world, why there is death, or the answers to other basic questions. Thus, all statements about God or the gods are statements of belief. The assertion that there is no God – atheism – also is a statement of belief. In the case of religions based on supposedly historical events, interpretations of those events are accepted by believers as true, while nonbelievers may arrive at completely different interpretations.
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Rituals are ones of the basic elements of any religion.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) истинным
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ28 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Religion is connected with human wish to find answers to the questions about world.
1) истинным
2) в тексте нет информации
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ29 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
The Latin word “religion” meant trust and belief.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ30 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Monotheistic religions center on the belief in and worship of one, unique God.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ31 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
In some religions believers attend special buildings in order to go through certain rituals.
1) 4 2) 1
3) 2 4) 3
ЗАДАНИЕ32 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The essence of religion is connected with the question of belief.
1) 4 2) 3
3) 1 4) 2
ЗАДАНИЕ33 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Ответьте на вопрос:
How can religion be defined?
1) Religion is unknown forces of human life.
2) Religion is a matter that is of importance and devotion to a person.
3) Religion is a human experience.
4) It is not possible to define religion.
ЗАДАНИЕ34 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите основную идею текста
1) Religion is dealt with a person’s relation to God or gods, moral conduct and participation in rituals.
2) There are several definitions of the word “religion’.
3) Most religions have common elements.
4) Believers and nonbelievers have different interpretations of events.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
1. Cognitive psychology is a school of thought in psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. It had its foundations in the Gestalt psychology.
LEVELS OF MENTAL ORGANIZATION
1. We greatly underestimate consciousness when we attempt to redefine it as merely awareness or selective attention. Consciousness seems closer to the higher intellectual functions such as structur
TRAIT THEORIES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
1. Personality psychology studies personality based on theories of individual differences. One emphasis in this area is so construct a coherent picture of a person and his or her major psychologica
ROLE IN CURRICULAR DESIGN
1. The family and government want to play a part in setting up and controlling formal and many informal means of education. In the more-developed societies teachers are employed to do the work of e
PERCEPTION
1. Perception (in humans) is the process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint product of the stimulation and of the process
UNCONSCIOUS
1. Unconscious is the complex of mental activities within an individual that proceeded without his awareness. Sigmund Freud stated that such unconscious processes may affect a person’s behaviour ev
THE WORKSHOP OF THE WORLD
1. During the 19th century Britain was transformed from a mainly agricultural society into an industrial one. This change has been called the Industrial Revolution because of the dramatic effect it
UNIVERSITIES IN THE UK
1. Universities in Britain are a magnet for students all over the world. There’re currently over 250,000 from outside Britain studying at British universities. The largest single group is Chinese s
Agenda Topics
3:25 – 3:45 Financial Review John White, Financial Director
Discussion
White, Financial Director, provided a comprehensive update on the Company’s financial pla
THE FATHER OF AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION
1. Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard for the important reforms in education that he accomplished. While he was a boy, his father and older
TEST 10
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
We should think of the Earth as a large ____. All the animals and plants depend on each other.
1) environment 2) ecology
MOTIVATION
1. Motivation is an internal state that activates, guides and sustains behavior. Educational psychology research on motivation is concerned with the volition or will that students b
TEST 11
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
When you own a house you have to pay a local tax on property called ____.
1) mortgage 2) income tax
3) value added
CLOTHING SIGNALS
1. It is impossible to wear clothes without transmitting social signals. Every costume tells a story about its wearer. Even those people who insist that they don’t pay attention to
TEST 12
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
Will the 3.30 appointment be ____ for you?
1) comfortable 2) convenient
3) cosy 4) profitable
TRAINING AND PROMOTION
1. In all industrialised countries managers are typically recruited from university or postsecondary technical-school graduates. It is becoming rare for blue-collar workers without
TEST 13
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
The ____ means mass communication, such as television, radio, the press.
1) interaction 2) broadcasting
3) knowled
MAN AND HIS PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
1. The Earth is known to be several billion years old. Throughout this span of time the environment has been constantly changing – sometimes very slow, but at other times quite rapidly. It proves t
TEST 14
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
The graduates from our University take a ____ course to get the Candidate of Science Degree.
1) postgraduate 2) finishing
WORKING RELATIONSHIPS
1. Getting on well with colleagues, as anyone who works in an office knows, is a vital element in our working lives. Many office jobs involve a great deal of time spent talking. One British study o
TEST 15
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
She got ____ in personnel management from a private college.
1) a diploma 2) qualifications
3) an application form
THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
1. There’s no single science of society or science of humanity. Instead, there are several branches of learning that deal with the origins and activities of human groups. The size of such groups ra
TEST 16
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа
In some countries the educational system is based on streaming which means that children are educated according to their ____.
DO WE HAVE TO BE VIOLENT?
1. For centuries philosophers, psychologists and anthropologists have tried to explain why men behave violently. Some psychologists think that violence or aggressiveness is an instinct which we are
TEST 17
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
The ____ of the classes at school is compulsory.
1) attitude 2) admitting
3) attendance 4) advertisement
&
TEST 18
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
Keep your mouth shut and your ____ open.
1) mind 2) eyes
3) ears 4) heart
ЗАДАНИЕ2
THE SUMMERHILL EXPERIMENT
1. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When starting the school, we had one main idea: to make the school fit the c
TEST 19
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
____ building in the workplace creates a sense of collective responsibility.
1) Team 2) Power
3) Conflict 4) Comput
TEACHING METHODS
1. A teacher is someone acknowledged as a guide or helper in processes of learning. A teacher’s role may vary between cultures. Academic subjects are emphasized in many societies, but a teacher’s d
TEST 20
ЗАДАНИЕ1 Выберите один вариант ответа
Great Britain is famous for the art of ____ dictionaries.
1) constructing 2) compiling
3) composing 4) collecting
ADDITIONAL LEXICAL TEST
№1. Parents should be able to prevent their children’s crimes or bad ____ .
1) behaviour 2) development 3) learning 4) self-control
№2. A branch
GLOSSARY
Ability: 1) something that you are able to do, especially because you have a particular mental or physical skill; 2) someone’s, especially a student’s, level of intelligence or ski
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