II. Read and translate the text. - раздел Философия, Деловой английский Text «Is Bribery An Inevitable Evil? »
Students Tak...
Text «Is Bribery an Inevitable Evil? »
Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that lectures on business ethics have been included in their syllabuses of study. They often do not realize that, later in their careers, they may be tempted to bend their principles to get what they want; perhaps also they are not fully aware that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries, and, in some, this type of corruption has been a way of life for centuries.
In dealing with the topic of business ethics, some lecturers ask students how they would act in the following situation: suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks company and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed. During negotiates with government officials of this country, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import licence for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid "bureaucratic delays", as he puts it. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles?
It is easy to talk about having high moral standards, but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some time ago the British car manufacturer, British Leyland, was accused of operating a "slush fund", and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commissions, offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at this time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: "Look, we're in a wheeling-dealing business. Every year we're selling more than a £1,000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers, who's hurt? If we didn't do it, someone else would".
It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. More than 300 US companies admitted to the US Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments of one kind or another — bribes, facilitating payments, extra discounts, etc. — in recent years. For discussion purposes, we can divide these payments into three broad categories.
The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts. For example, the US conglomerate ITT (International Telephone and Telegraph corporation) offered a large sum of money in support of a US presidential candidate at a time when it was under investigation for possible violations of the US anti-trust law. This same company, it was revealed, was ready to finance efforts to overthrow the Marxist government of Chile whose President was Salvadore Allende.
In this category, we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms sales or major petrochemical and construction contracts. A vast sum of money had been paid by a British company to a "go-between" who helped clinch a deal for the supply of tanks to that country. Other countries have also been known to put pressure on foreign companies to make donations to party funds.
The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project; to speed up the wheels of bureaucracy. An interesting example of this kind of payment is provided by the story of a sales manager who had been trying for some months to sell road machinery to the Minister of Works of a Caribbean country. Finally, he hit upon the answer. Discovering that the minister was a bibliophile, he bought a rare edition of a book, slipped $20,000 within its pages, then presented it to the minister. This man examined its contents, then said: "I understand there is a two-volume edition of this work." The sales manager, who was quick-witted, replied: "My company cannot afford a two-volume edition, sir, but we could offer you a copy with an appendix!" A short time later, the deal was approved.
The third category involves payments made in countries where it is traditional to pay people to facilitate the passage of a business deal. Some Middle East countries would be included on this list, as well as certain Far Eastern countries.
The payment may be made by a foreign company to ensure a tender is put on a selective contract list or the company may pay so that an import licence for essential equipment is approved. Sometimes an expensive gift may be necessary to soften up a government official.
A common type in this category is the "facilitating payment" — usually a smaller sum of money — made to certain customs officials to clear cargoes. One businessman has told the story of a delivery of 10,000 bottles of sterile penicillin at the airport of a Far Eastern country. It was apparently customary to pay customs officials about $250 upon arrival of each shipment to "get them out of the sun". In this case, the company was not prepared to make such a payment, so no money changed hands. The Minister of Health of that nation then ordered that each phial be opened for inspection, thereby destroying the whole shipment.
Is it possible to formulate a code of rules for companies which would outlaw bribery in all its forms? The International Chambers of Commerce (ICC) favours a code of conduct which would ban the giving and seeking of bribes. This code would try to distinguish between commissions paid for real services and padded fees. A council has been proposed to administer the code.
Unfortunately, opinions differ among members of the ICC concerning how to enforce the code. The British members, would like the system to have enough legal teeth to make companies behave themselves. "It's no using having a dog without teeth", they argue. However, the French delegates think it is the business of governments to make and impose law; the job of a business community like the ICC is to say what is right and wrong, but not to impose anything.
1. Think and answer:
1. What kinds of bribes are offered in the business world?
2. Can such payments be classified in some other way?
3. Do you think bribery can be eliminated? If so, how can it be done?
4. What are the most common grounds for bribery?
5. Why do people use special words or jargon to speak about bribes?
6. What Russian expressions do you know to talk about bribes?
7. Do you know any examples of bribery? Discuss them with your group.
8. Why do lecturers include the topic of bribery in business in their syllabuses of study?
9. In what way do lecturers illustrate their point about inevitability of bribes?
10. What argument might someone in the British motor car industry use to justify the giving of bribes?
11. Why was the US company ITT criticized for making a large financial contribution to a political campaign?
12. What finally persuaded the Minister of Works of the Carribean country to award the contract to the sales manager?
13. Explain briefly the difference of opinion existing within then International Chambers of Commerce about how the organization should deal with bribery.
2. Choose the most appropriate interpretation:
1. Those who are tempted to bend their principles:
a) generally are people without any principles;
b) usually change their principles according to circumstances;
c) rather unwillingly make some kind of compromise.
2. If you are in a wheeling-dealing business, you should expect:
a) to be involved in deals worth millions of pounds;
b) to have frequent and extensible disputes with dealers;
c) to work fast under pressure to get results.
3. Speeding up the wheels of bureaucracy will probably:
a) reduce administrative delays for a company;
b) involve many contacts with official machinery;
c) mean greater interference by government officials.
4. When a tender is put on a selective contract list:
a) a company gains an advantage over some of its competitors;
b) no other company is allowed to bid for the contract;
c) a company is almost certain to be awarded the contract.
5. Industry is caught in a web of bribery. This statement implies that:
a) bribery is widespread and difficult for a businessman to avoid;
b) almost everyone in industry is engaged in taking bribes;
c) anyone entering industry will almost certainly be corrupted.
3. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the box:
a) temptation e) breaking i) deal
b) enforced f) cleared j) commissions
c) widespread / common g) practice
d) secured h) control / reduce
In many countries, it is common to pay someone to ease the passage of a business (1) ______. For a company (2) ________into these markets for the first time, the (3) ______to use bribery is very great indeed. In many cases, the company will have to pay inflated (4) ______to an agent or make other such payments if an order is to be (5) ______. Later, there will be the routine handout to make sure the consignment of goods is (6) ______ through customs. Although an international business community like the ICC can give guidelines to companies, it cannot (7)______bribery by its own efforts. It is up to governments in those countries where bribery is (8) ______to help stamp out this (9) ______by brining in laws against corruption and making sure these are (10) ________.
Все темы данного раздела:
Чита 2005
УДК 802.0 (075)
ББК 81.2 Англ.я 7
ББК Ш 13 (Англ) я 7
Т 454
Титова М.П. Business English. Деловой английский: Учеб. пособие / М.П
Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................. 4
Unit 1. Formalities
Greetings
I. Speech Patterns.Read and learn them by heart:
1.Good morning ( until 12 p.m.)
Good afternoon (until 5-6 p.m.)
Good evening (until 10-11 p.m.) (formal
V. Test.
1. Fill in the gaps in the sentences and translate them:
1). How are you ... on? 1). delayed
2). I was ... by the traffic. 2). matter
3). What a pleasant
I. Topical vocabulary.
1. Forms of Address:
1. First name - to friends
2. Mr Brown - to a man we don’t know well
Mrs Brown - to a married woman we don’t know well
Miss
They Meet Again
(abridged from "Morning, Noon and Night" by Sidney Sheldon)
As they approached the front door it opened, and Clark, the butler, stood there. He was in his seventies, a di
IV. Dialogues
1. Read the dialogues and dramatize them in class:
1).- Can you do me a favour, Jim? Would you mind introducing me to
Miss Jones?
- Oh, yes, with pleasur
V. Test
1. Make up sentences:
1). You take me for... 1). ... for ages.
2). He greeted me... 2). ... so much about you.
3). I haven’t seen you... 3). ... myself.
Parting with people
I. Word list. Read and remember.
1. Good-bye! - До свидания!
Спокойной ночи!
В добрый час!
2. Good luck! - Счастливо! Удачи!
3. See you
V. Test.
1. Make up sentences:
1). Best regards... 1). ... landing.
2). Let’s hope... 2). ... part with you.
3). It was a pleasure... 3). ... journey.
4)
II. Dialogues.
1. Read, translate and learn them:
1).- Excuse me!
- Yes?
- How do I get to the nearest underground station?
- Cross the street and walk straigh
V. Test.
1. Make up sentences:
1). show, the, can, way, I, there, you.
2). the, stop, Get, at, next, off.
3). am, a, I, lost, bit.
4). nearest, is, bus,
Customs
I. Learn the words:
1. Customs House
2. Customs regulations
3. Customs restrictions
4. fall under restrictions
5. customs dut
II. Read and translate the text.
Text « Airport Customs »
by A. Haily
"Madam", said U.S. Customs Inspector Harry Standish quietly to the naughty angular woman whose several suitc
Translate these words and phrases into Russian, use them in the story of your own, describing how you cleared the Customs.
Customs restrictions; inspect one's luggage; duty-free items (goods); personal effects (belongings); smuggler; customs tariffs; go through the Customs; the Customs; a Customs officer; Customs inspe
Find the logical order of the following parts of the dialogues.
1).A: I hear you've just had a trip by air. What was it like?
B: At least 6 hours and I should have arrived tired and dirty. From
now on I'd rather fly every time
На таможне
Служащий таможни: Это весь ваш багаж?
Пассажир: Да, два чемодана и сумка.
Служащий таможни: Поставьте чемоданы и сумку на стол,
пожалуйста. У вас ест
Reconstruct the following situations into dialogues.
1. You want to have a room reserved at a hotel for a friend of yours who is supposed to come in a day or two. Receptionist informs you that they are heavily booked. You are much disappointed and en
II. Read and translate the text.
Text"Travelling by Air"
It was a cold gray day without wind. By nightfall it would rain. There was the spasmodic engine whine of unseen planes.
Read and translate dialogues.
1. Airport official: Oh, madam, where are you going? Mrs. Stone: Passport Control. Airport official: That way, madam. Mrs. Stone: Oh, which one do I go thr
Translate the Russian parts of the sentences.
Can/could you tell me
Do you happen to know
I wonder if you'd let me know
- когда уле
Travelling by train
I. Learn the words:
1. train – поезд
2. driver – машинист
3. engine – локомотив
4. coach (car
II. Read and translate the text.
Text"Travelling by Train"
Mrs. L. panted along the platform in the wake of the porter carrying her suit-case. Mrs. L. was burdened with a large
A Railway Station
Hardly anybody is in a normal state of mind 1. to lose tickets
on a ... . Either one ... far too early 2. to start
and is irritated by the waste of time involved in 3. compartment
Read the dialogues and translate them.
1. Mike: Oh, dear, this train is full. I can't find an empty seat at all.
There aren't any seats in this carriage. I must try the next
сarriage. This one isn't too
Act as an interpreter. Translate the sentences from Russian into English and from English into Russian.
1. — Какие поезда идут до Москвы? — There is a through train No. 98 or you can change trains in
Simferopol.
2. — How long does the trip to Kiev take? — Время в пути пример
Translate the dialogue from Russia into English.
Объявляется посадка на поезд No 5 до Москвы. Время отправления 23.30. Поезд стоит у платформы No 7 левая сторона.
А: Мы как раз вовремя. Постой здесь, а я пойду заберу вещи из
кам
Describe a journey by train. Use the words and phrases given below.
Train service; an ordinary train; an express; to change trains; to run (between; from ... to; all the way from ... to); to buy oneself a seat; to reserve seats; to catch (miss) a train; to get on (
Match the words and phrases in column A with those in column B.
A
B
1. double room
a. швейцар
2. fill out the form
b. остановиться в гостинице
Room description
Standard Classic room: - Grand lit $260-300
- Twin
- Double
- No real triple exists
- Tastefully decorated in yellow and green
- Two armchairs
III. Dialogues.
1. Read the dialogues and:
a) translate the italicized words and phrases;
b) fill out the table below.
Arranging Accommodation
1. A: Go
HOTEL RESERVATION FORM
Hotel <name> has following accommodation possibilities:
double room category A ($..), category В ($..)
single room category A ($..), category В ($..)
Prices are for
Read the dialogues and translate them.
1. - I'd like to have a double room with bath.
- How long are you planning to stay, Sir?
- I guess, we'll stay for three or four days.
- I can give you an outside room on
Telephone conversation
I. Learn the words and phrases:
1. Speaking – Я слушаю! (Вас слушают!)
2. You've got the wrong number – Вы ошиблись номером
3. Will you call (me) back? –
II. Read and translate the text.
Text "Telephone Conversations"
Telephone is the most frequently used means of communication in business because it's the quickest way to get or pass on informati
Read all dialogues and translate them.
1. - Hello. Is this five-seven-oh-one-two-four-oh (570-12-40)? - Speaking. - Could I speak to Mr. Jones? - One moment, please.Who shall I say is calling? - Mr.
Translate into English.
1. - Это 356-78-93? - Нет, вы ошиблись номером. - Извините. - Ничего.
2. - Междугородная. - Я бы хотел позвонить в Читу. - Номер телефона в Чите? - 35-39-54.
Advertising.
The first advertisements were plain statements that such and sucha product was sold at such and such a place at such and such a price.
Nowadays the yearly expenditure on a
The Art of Advertising.
Whether the art of advertising is a real art or not, you can judge for yourself while reading these 2 ads from different booklets:
a) New York by Helicopter.
Breathtaking tours of
IV. Pair work.
1. Student Awrites, an advertisement about one thing that he likes most.
Student Bis an editor and he finds his ad rather good, corrects some mistakes and
I. Read and learn the new words.
1. abilities (talent) - дарования, способности
2. calling for - призвание
3. career goals - цели претендента при получении работы
4. job-hunting - поиск работы
5
Choosing an Occupation
One of the most difficult problems a young person faces is deciding what to do about a career. There are individuals, of course, who from the time they are six years old "know" that they
Employment Agencies
In Britain there is a special service for school leavers, the Careers Advisory Service, which helps young people who are looking for their first job. Careers Officers give practical advice on inter
Text B.
“… They Live by the Appointment Book”
Victor had recently arrived in the United States, and he did not completely understand the need for appointments. He thought his frie
Choose the right word.
a) job – position - occupation
"job" - anything that one has to do, task, duty;
"position" — a person's relative place, as in society; ra
Fill in prepositions where necessary.
1) After leaving school a young person faces … a very difficult problem – choosing an a occupation. 2) The majority of young people do not get around … making a decision until they leave school. 3)
So, You Are Looking for a Job
WHAT MUST YOU BEGIN WITH?
There are several traditional ways of looking for a job.
A civilized and active means of looking for a job is studying the market of the offered vacancie
Translate the words given in brackets.
1) There are several ways of (поиска работы). 2) First you should (оценить) your own chances 3) He studied the ads of (о вакансиях) being published. 4) Solid companies (помещают объявления) in pres
Job Titles
accountant
Interpreter
baby sitter
Librarian
baker
live-in-companion
VI. Read and translate the text.
Text D Job Hunting
RESUME
An excellent resume may help you get the job of your dreams and apoor resume may mean
VII. Now you are ready to write your own resume. Study our example of a resume and try to write one for yourself.
Resume
Anna Smirnova
98, Chaikovskogo Street, apt.85
St.Peterburg, 191194. Russia
Phone: +78122720895
Objective: Obtain e
IX. Read the dialogues in pairs and learn them.
1. - Are you pleased with your new job, Mary?
- Yes, very much. It's just my cup of tea. I work as a translator at
the Research Institute.
- And what sor
II. Read and translate the following information on writing a business letter.
Plan of a business letter:
1) The number of the house and the name
III. Read and translate the example of the business letter. Find all the parts of a business letter and name them.
1) Widgetry Ltd
6 Pine Estate, Westhornet, Bedfordshire,
2) Telephone 9017 23456 Telex X238 WID Fax 9017 67893
3) Michael Scott, Sales Manager, Smith and Brown, Ltd,
IV. Write down new words from the text and learn them.
Writing the business letters in English is very much like writing letters in your own language. The letter reflects the image of your firm. You should keep in mind that a letter should be clear, co
V. Read and translate the text. Memorize the main types of a business letter.
1.Inquiries – you send an inquiry when you wish to have some information on a product or its sale (after you have seen the product advertised, or displayed at a fai
VIII. Compare the structure of business and personal letters.
Business Letters
Personal Letters
1.
Style: formal -
1.
Sty
Signature
13. Sender’s position or status in the company (or only the name of a
company or a department).
14. Enclosure (if any)
N
VI. Answer the questions.
1. What are the points of a fax message form?
2. What is usually indicated in a fax head?
3. Where is the fax head usually written?
4. What else is written in the top rig
I. Read and translate the following information.
The methods of writing dates are different. There is a tendency to decrease the amount of punctuation in correspondence, so that it has become usual to write the date as 24 April 2005.
Als
B) Complimentary Close
British
American
1. Formal or Routine
Yours faithfully,
Faithfully yours
(Very) truly
II. Memorize these phrases.
a. Opening phrases of a fax message:
1. This is to inform you that ...
Настоящим сообщаем Вам, что …
2. We have pleasure in informing you that (of) ...
III. Translate these opening and closing phrases.
1. Настоящим сообщаем вам, что мы получили Ваше сообщение (message).
2. В ответ на ваше факсимильное сообщение от 27 апреля 2004г. мы приносим извинения за задержку с ответом.
3.
Vocabulary
appeal - зд. быть обращённым (к)
taste - пробовать
arouse - вызывать
produce - продукция
create desire - вызывать желание
careful - тщательный
Sales Messages Сообщения о продажах
1. You will be interested to Вам будет интересно
know that we have just узнать, что мы только что
introduced our new... ввели нашу новую...
2. May we draw
Vocabulary
counter-proposal - контр-предложение
therefore - поэтому
concession - уступка
reduce - уменьшать
unconditionally - безусловно
quote - назначать
Vocabulary
reply - ответ
be prepared - быть готовым
consider - рассматривать
grant - предоставлять
supply (with) - снабжать (чем-л.)
quantity - количество
Concessions. Discounts. Уступки. Скидки.
1.We agree to making a Мы согласны снизить цену, reduction in price if this если это поможет Вам will help you to develop расширять рынок для your market for our нашей продукции. pr
IV. Write a reply to a counter-proposal on any subject by using the above phrases.
V. Read and translate this fax message:
DISPATCH FAX MESSAGE
FARMERS FRUIT PRODUCTS
0l0 MotrimerStr.
London Wl
UK
Tel:
I. Read and translate this introduction and a fax message.
An inquiry (fax message) is sent when a businessman wants some information, especially about
•the supply of goods • availability of goods
•catalogues • delivery times and d
Inquiries Запросы
1. We are retailers/ Мы розничные торговцы / wholesalers in the ... trade, импортёры / оптовики,
and would like to get in торгующие… и мы хотим touch with suppliers/ установить контакт с п
Vocabulary
take an opportunity-воспользоваться
возможностью
attractive-привлекательный
assurance-уверение
appearance
Quotations and Offers Расценки и предложения
1. Thank you for your Благодарим за Ваш запрос,
inquiry about ... касающийся…
2. We are pleased to submit Мы с удовольствием
our lowest prices/ to представляем наши самые
Business Ethics
Ethics is the system of moral principles, rules of conduct, and morality of choices that individuals make.
Business ethics is the application of moral standards to business situati
PRESSURES INFLUENCING ETHICAL DECISION MAKING
5. Relationships.Business ethics involves relationships be- tween a firm and its investors, customers, employees, creditors, and competitors. Each group has specific conce
ENCOURAGING ETHICAL BEHAVIOR
7. Ethics.When no company policy exists, a quick check if a behaviour is ethical is to see if others — coworkers, customers, suppliers, and the like—approve of it. Openness
Fairness and Honesty
fairness - справедливость regulation - постановление
honesty - честность refrain (from) - воздерживаться
concern - зд. вопрос, дело deceive - обманывать
besides - кроме m
III. Fill in the blanks.
1. Fairness and ... in business are two important ethical ....
2. Business ethics is the application of… …to business situations.
3. A business person may be tempted to place his/
V. Questions and assignments.
1. What is ethics?
2. Give the definition of business ethics.
3. What are two important ethical concerns?
4. What does unethical behavior in relationships with customers
Business Bribes
I. Read and learn the new words:
1. business courses
- курсы управления
2. realize (v)
THE MANAGERIAL WOMAN
Typically this woman graduates with a liberal arts degree. She has done well in languages, literature, history, psychology or sociology, music or art. She leaves college not at all sure what a skil
Write a brief summary of the text.
III. Read the text «She's the Boss».
Business was invented by men and to a certain extend it is still «a boy's game». Less than 20% of the managers in most European compan
V. Read and translate the article.
The concrete ceiling. Why women are up against it.
Someone once observed that a glass ceiling blocks women's rise to the top. But it seems more like a concrete ceiling.
The follow
Incoterms
I. Read and lean new words:
1. multimodal
2. mode of transport
3. ship's rail
4. critical point of responsibility
5. risk of loss
Marking
1. The cases in which the equipment is packed are to be marked on three sides: on the top of the case and two non-opposite sides.
2. The marking shall be clearly made with indelible paint
Make up summary of the text.
Glossary
A
accounting Process of recording, classifying, and s
LITERATURE
1. Агабекян И.П., Мамедова Т.А. English for manager. - Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс, 2001.
2. Applied Economics, Princeton, USA, 1990.
3. Бабенко А.П., Христенко Е.В. Американский вариа
Новости и инфо для студентов