The system of declension was inherited from PG. Adjectives had two declensions that had to do also with the category of determination – strong(definite) and weak (indefinite) – and unlike nouns practically all adjectives could be declined both ways (by strong and weak declension). So an adjective did not belong to a particular declension, its declension depended on several factors that will be mentioned below:
Type of Declension | Strong(definite) | Weak(indefinite) | |||
Borrowed inflections | from a-stemando-stem | from n-stem | |||
Factors for distinguishing type of declension | – Adj used attributively without any determiners (demonstrative pronouns); – Adj used predicatively. | – Adj preceded by a demonstrative pronoun or Genitive Case of a noun; | |||
Gender | Neuter | Neuter | |||
Number | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
OE Cases | Nominative | blind | blind | blinde | blindan |
Genitive | blindes | blindra | blindan | blindra | |
Dative | blindum | blindum | blindan | blindum | |
Accusative | blind | blind | blinde | blindan | |
Instrumental | blinde | blindum | blindan | blindum | |
ME | Cases disappeared | blind | blinde | blinde | blinde |
There were exceptions from the rule: some adjectives were declined always strong (eall (all), maniζ (many), ōþer (other)), others – always weak (ilca (same)).
The endings of the adjectives showed the agreement between a noun and an adjective. There were a lot of homonymous forms (e.g. -um (OE) – N, Sg, Dat, strong; N, Pl, Dat, strong; N, Pl, Dat, weak; N, Pl, Instr, strong; N, Pl, Instr, weak; -e (ME) – N, Pl, strong; N, Sg, weak; N, Pl, weak) à the distinction between the declensions faded in ME and the declensions disappeared as far as there was no necessity any more to keep them.