Anomalous Verbs

They were irregular verbs that combined the features of the weak and strong verbs. There were 4 of them – willan (will), bēon (to be), ζān (to go), dōn (to do).

 

Willan:

· had the meaning of volition;

· resembled the preterite-present verbs in meaning (attitude) and in function (was followed by the Infinitive without “to”);

· eventually became a modal verb and also together with sculan developed into an auxiliary for the formation of the Future-Tense forms.

 

Dōn

This verb combined the features of the weak and strong verbs:

 

Infinitive Past Participle 2
strong verb feature (root-sound interchange) + weak verb feature (dental suffix -d) strong verb feature (suffix -nand prefix ζe-)
dōn dyde ζedōn

 

ζan

This verb was suppletive and also combined the features of the weak and strong verbs:

 

Period Infinitive Past Participle 2
OE ζān ēode (suppletivism + weak verb feature (dental suffix -d)) ζeζān(strong verb feature (suffix -nand prefix ζe-)
ME goon wente (suppletivism (from OE wendan) + weak verb feature (dental suffix -t) goon (strong verb feature (suffix -n))

 

Bēon

This verb was highly suppletive and in OE employed two separate words/roots(Infinitives):

Present OE ME NE
Numb. Pers. wesan bēon been been
Sg 1st eom bēo am am
2nd eart bist art are
3rd is biþ is is
Pl - sint bēoþ are/arn are
Past wesan been be
Sg 1st s was was
2nd wǽre wēre were
3rd wæs was was
Pl - wǽron wēren were