Phonostylistics deals with phonetic styles, which are- different ways of pronunciation determined by extralinguist.factors and characterized by specific phonetic features.So Pstylistics focuses on the phonetic means restricted to a particular situation or type of context.
Any spoken utterance is conditioned not only by linguistic (internal) factors but also by extraling. – aim of communication, speaker’s social status, sex and age, setting,etc.
Among the factors resulting in phonostylistic varieties we can also mention the form of communication(monologue/dialogue), speaker’s attitude towards the subject, the emotional state, the extent of spontaneity of utterance.
Phonetic style-forming means: variations of pitch, range, loudness, tempo, rhythm and some others.→distinguish b/the phonetic styles:
- Reading aloud
- Prepared speaking
- Spontaneous speaking
Sometimes scholars prefer the division of p[honetic styles into: informal, academic(scientific), publicistic and conversational.
Acc to the degree of carefulness of pronunciation 3 types of p-n:
-full style(associated with highly formal situations, address a large audience): distinct articulation of vowels and consonants, minor degrees of assimilation, reduction, increased loudness, a widened range , predominance of descending stepping scales, relatively slow tempo.
-neutral style( lecturing to a medium or small-sized audience, news reporting, interviewing):
Fairly high degrees of assimilation,reduction,elision,the lengh of sense groups is largerly determined by the lex. And gram structure of the sentence(2-4 stressed words), normal degree of loudness and range, descending ,ascend sliding and scandent scales in combination
-non-full(conversational)style(everyday informal speech or small talk): extreme forms of assimilation , reduction elision, changeable loudness, a narrowed range, variability in melodic contours( scales and tones)-predominance of mixed, level and incomplete scales+incomplete falling tones and level tones, short sense-groups, variable tempo, predominance of hesitation and suspense pauses over logical ones.
There is no uniform class-n of phonet. styles due to the large number of extralinguistic style-forming means that might form the basis of class-n.
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The phonetic styles can be determined and effected by the following factors: euphony, prosody, rhythm, aesthetic function of sounds.
IN the Russian tradition phoneticians deal with styles of pronunciation, the basic principle for classifying is the degree of carefulness, the quality of enunciation and the rate of speech. The categories were: full style and colloquial style (Shcherba), full or elevated, neutral, colloquial (Avanesov, Bulanin). Some phoneticians focus their attention on the social context of communication act, such as the formality of situation. David Crystal and Derek Davy include the social status of the speaker as another social constraint which determines the style of speech. The first steps in phonetic style research were concerned with the prose read aloud with the degree of spontaneity as the basic principal for the style determination.
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