Kinds of Morphemes

	Kinds of Morphemes
	Root	Affix (prefix, suffix)
Inflective	Word-formative (derivational)
E S S E N C E	Is a part of a word which does not change and is always presented in any form of the word.   For example: Black, blackish, blacken. Black is a root morpheme.	Serves to change the form of the same very word.   For example: 1) I always invite him. He invites me. I invited him yesterday. 2) A boy – boys.	Serves to form new words.   For example: Resist (action), resistance (phenomenon), resistant (characteristics), resister (person), resistor (thing), resistible (quality), irresistible (quality).

 

NOTE! In English the Root coincided with the Stem. Stem is also regarded to be a root morpheme. Stem is a significant unity of Morphology, a part of the Word till the Ending.

 

In a language Morpheme is presented by its versions, allomorphemes (алломорфы, from the Greek allo = other/another).

Characteristics of allomorphemes:

1) they have language (they mean sth, they form words’ forms) and phonetic (they sound) power;

2) the allomorphemes of a definite morpheme can absolutely coincide in pronunciation

For example:

Fresh, freshment, freshen. The letters s,h in the root morpheme fresh create the same sound [ ].

3) the allomorphemes of a definite morpheme can be not identical in pronunciation

For example:

1)

Dreamed [d] the morpheme-suffix ed means the same – it is the index of Past Simple or

Loaded [id] Past Participle for regular verbs

Worked [t] but is pronounced differently

2)

Physics [k]

Physicist [s] in the root morpheme physic the letter c is pronounced differently

Physician […]