The main ideas of The Supermarket in California. - раздел Образование, Сучасна література країн, мова яких вивчається Allen Ginsbe...
Allen Ginsberg (1926−1997) was born in Newark, New Jersey, on June 3, 1926. The son of Louis and Naomi Ginsberg, two Jewish members of the New York literary counter-culture of the 1920s, Ginsberg was raised among several progressive political perspectives. A supporter of the Communist party, Ginsberg’s mother was a nudist whose mental health was a concern throughout the poet’s childhood. According to biographer Barry Miles, “Naomi’s illness gave Allen an enormous empathy and tolerance for madness, neurosis, and psychosis.”
As an adolescent, Ginsberg savored Walt Whitman, though in 1939, when Ginsberg left high school, he considered Edgar Allan Poe his favorite poet. Eager to follow a childhood hero who had received a scholarship to Columbia University, Ginsberg made a vow that if he got into the school he would devote his life to helping the working class, a cause he took seriously over the course of the next several years.
He was admitted to Columbia University, and as a student there in the 1940s, he began close friendships with William S. Burroughs, Neal Cassady, and Jack Kerouac, all of whom later became leading figures of the Beat movement. The group led Ginsberg to a “New Vision,” which he defined in his journal: “Since art is merely and ultimately self-expressive, we conclude that the fullest art, the most individual, uninfluenced, unrepressed, uninhibited expression of art is true expression and the true art.”
Around this time, Ginsberg also had what he referred to as his “Blake vision,” an auditory hallucination of William Blake reading his poems “Ah Sunflower,” “The Sick Rose,” and “Little Girl Lost.” Ginsberg noted the occurrence several times as a pivotal moment for him in his comprehension of the universe, affecting fundamental beliefs about his life and his work. While Ginsberg claimed that no drugs were involved, he later stated that he used various drugs in an attempt to recapture the feelings inspired by the vision.
In 1954, Ginsberg moved to San Francisco. His mentor,
William Carlos Williams, introduced him to key figures in the San Francisco poetry scene, including Kenneth Rexroth. He also met Michael McClure, who handed off the duties of curating a reading for the newly-established “6” Gallery. With the help of Rexroth, the result was “The ‘6’ Gallery Reading” which took place on
October 7, 1955.
The event has been hailed as the birth of the Beat Generation, in no small part because it was also the first public reading of Ginsberg’s “Howl,” a poem which garnered world-wide attention for him and the poets he associated with:
I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked,dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix,angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night… In response to Ginsberg’s reading, McClure wrote: “Ginsberg read on to the end of the poem, which left us standing in wonder, or cheering and wondering, but knowing at the deepest level that a barrier had been broken, that a human voice and body had been hurled against the harsh wall of America...”
Shortly after Howl and Other Poems was published in 1956 by City Lights Bookstore, it was banned for obscenity. The work overcame censorship trials, however, and became one of the most widely read poems of the century, translated into more than twenty-two languages.
In the 1960s and 70s, Ginsberg studied under gurus and Zen masters. As the leading icon of the Beats, Ginsberg was involved in countless political activities, including protests against the Vietnam War, and he spoke openly about issues that concerned him, such as free speech and gay rights agendas.
Ginsberg went on publish numerous collections of poetry, including Kaddish and Other Poems (1961), Planet News (1968), and The Fall of America: Poems of These States (1973), which won the National Book Award.
In 1993, Ginsberg received the Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres (the Order of Arts and Letters) from the French Minister of Culture. He also co-founded and directed the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at the Naropa Institute in Colorado. In his later years, Ginsberg became a Distinguished Professor at Brooklyn College.
On April 5, 1997, in New York City, he died from complications of hepatitis.
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Для студентів іноземного відділення факультету філології та журналістики ПДПУ імені В.Г. Короленка вивчення сучасної англомовної літератури має особливе значення, адже літературна творчість є вищим
Brooke Jocelyn. John Betjeman. – Online at : http://www.ourcivilisation.com/smartboard/shop/brookej/btjmn/.
2) John Betjeman. – Online at : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Betjeman.
3) The Website about John Betjeman. – Online at : www.johnbetjeman.com.
3. On the Movement:
The Movem
For further reading
1. Кружков Григорий. Глазок ватерпаса (О Шеймасе Хини) / Григорий Кружков // Ностальгия обелисков : Литературные мечтания. − М. : Новое литературное обозрение, 2001. − С. 477−486.
Winter Seascape
The sea runs back against itself
With scarcely time for breaking wave
To cannonade a slated shelf
And thunder und
Love Song
He loved her and she loved him. His kisses sucked out her whole past and future or tried to He had no other appeti
Storm on the Island
from Death of a Naturalist (1991)
We are prepared: we build our houses squat, Sink walls in rock and ro
The main characteristics of poetry.
Perhaps the oldest kind of literature known to humanity, poetry in its earliest stages was told or sung, but during its long and continuing evolution it has become part of the written tradition and
John Betjeman’s conservatism in form and theme. Winter Seascape: the poet’s brilliance at describing landscape.
John Betjeman (1906−1984) achieved huge success during his lifetime and continues to retain his “National Treasure” s
The literary analysis of the poem
Winter Seascape
The sea runs back against itself
With scarcely time for breaking wave
To cannonade a slated shelf
And thunder under in a cave.
Before the next ca
The Movement as an anti-modernist group tended towards anti-romanticism, rationality, and sobriety.
The Movement was a term coined by J. D. Scott, literary editor of The Spectator, in 1954 to describe a group of writers including Kingsley Amis, Philip Larkin, Donald Da
Philip Larkin’s hybrid style between verse and prose. Church Going as an example of his philosophical lyrics.
Philip Larkin (1922−1985) was born in Coventry in the family of Sydney and Eva Larkin. He attended the City’s King Henry VIII School between 1930 and 1940. He started writing
Once I am sure there’s nothing going on
I step inside | letting the door thud shut.
Making its very ordinariness seem sincerity:
Once I am sure there’s
Man and Woman: Love Song by Ted Hughes and Mad Girl’s Love Song by Sylvia Plath.
Edward James (Ted) Hughes (1930−1998) was born in Mytholmroyd, in the West Riding district of Yorkshire, on August 17, 1930. His childhood was quiet and dominantly rural. Whe
The comparative analysis of two poems
It’s quite difficult to establish a good comparison (a simple formal comparison would be easier) between these two poems, these two great works by two of the most representative writers in the Engl
Allegorical works by Seamus Heaney: Storm on the Island.
Seamus Heaney /ʃeiˈmas hi:ˈni/ was born on April 13, 1939, on a farm in Castledawson, County Derry, Northern
Literature and Resources
1. About dystopia:
Dystopia. – Online at : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystopia.
2. About Orwell and 1984:
1) George Orwell. –
Online at : en.wikipedia.org/wiki
Part One
It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doo
Anthony Burgess. A Clockwork Orange. (British version).
Final Chapter (21)
“What’s it going to be then, eh?”
A shot from A Clockwork Orange (1971, USA, Great Britain, dir. by Stanley Ku
Энтони Берджесс. Заводной апельсин.
Пер. В.Бошняка− Ну, что же теперь, а?Теперь представьте себе меня, вашего скромного повествователя, с тремя koreshami − Леном, Риком и Бугаем, которого так прозвали за тол
The definition of dystopian literature.
A dystopia (alternatively, cacotopia, kakotopia or anti-utopia) is a fictional society that is the antithesis of utopia. It is usually characterized by an oppressive social control
George Orwell’s brief biography.
“If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face − for ever.”
− from Nineteen Eighty-Four
The British author George Orwell
The plot and the structure of 1984.
Nineteen Eighty-Four (commonly written as 1984) is an anti-utopian novel published in 1949. The book tells the story of Winston Smith and his degradation by the totalita
The analysis of Chapter 1.
The world described in Nineteen Eighty-Four parallels the Stalinist Soviet Union and Adolf Hitler’s Nazi Germany. There are thematic similarities: the betrayed revolution, with which Orwell
Anthony Burgess’s life and works.
Anthony Burgess (1917−1993)was a British novelist, critic and composer. He was also active as a librettist, poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist, essayist, travel write
Explanation of the novel’s title
Burgess wrote that the title was a reference to an alleged old Cockney expression “as queer as a clockwork orange”. Due to his time serving in the British Colonial Office in Malaya, Burgess thought
Part 1: Alex’s world
Set in a dystopian future, the novel opens with the introduction of protagonist, fifteen-year-old Alex (the character’s surname is never revealed in the novel) who, with his gang members (known as
Part 2: The Ludovico Technique
After being sentenced to 14 years for murder, Alex gets a job as an assistant to the prison chaplain. He feigns interest in religion, and amuses himself by reading the Bible for its lurid descripti
Part 3: After prison
Alex gets his release, but upon returning home, finds that he is not welcome: his personal belongings have been confiscated (sold, so that the money made might go towards the care of the cats of th
Structure
The novel is separated into three parts of seven chapters. Each part has a different setting or motive for the main character, but keeps to certain conventions across three parts. For example, each
The analysis of Chapter 21.
The book, narrated by Alex, contains many words in a slang dialect which Burgess invented for the book, called Nadsat. It is a mix of modified Slavic words, Cockney rhyming slang,
Literature and Resources
1. About the Theatre of the Absurd:
1) Culik Jan. The Theatre of Absurd. – Online at : www.arts.gla.ac.uk/Slavonic/Absurd.htm.
2) The Theatre of the Absurd. – Online at : en.wikip
Tom Stoppard. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.
Act Two. HAMLET, ROS and GUIL talking, the continuation of the previous scene. Their conversation, on the move, is indecipherable at first. The first illegible line is HAMLET’s, co
Drama: the main characteristics.
Drama can be divided into serious drama, tragedy, comic drama, melodrama, and farce.
Drama differs from other forms of literature in that it demands a stage and performances. It can be enj
Tom Stoppard’s life and plays.
Sir Tom Stoppard (born Tomáš Straussler on July 3, 1937) is an Academy Award winning British playwright. Born in Czechoslovakia, he is famous for plays such as The Real Thing and
Works for the theatre
Stoppard’s plays are plays of ideas that deal with philosophical issues, yet he combines the philosophical ideas he presents with verbal wit and visual humor. His linguistic complexity, with its pu
Work for radio, film, and TV
In his early years Stoppard wrote extensively for BBC radio, in many cases introducing a touch of surrealism. Some of his better known radio works include: If You’re Glad, I’ll Be Frank;
The plot and the synopsis of Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead.
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead is a humorous, absurdist, tragic and existentialist play by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe August 26, 1966.
The themes of the play
Existentialism − why are we here? Why should Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do anything unless someone asks them to? They find themselves as pawns in a gigantic game of chess,
Literature and Resources
1. About American poetry:
1) Американская поэзия в русских переводах [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.uspoetry.ru/poets/2/poems/.
2) Дудченко М.М. Література Вели
Harlem: A Dream Deferred
What happened to a dream deferred? Does it dry up Like a Raisin in the sun? or fester like a sore –
and than run?
Does it stink like rotten meat? or crust and suga
The Supermarket in California
What thoughts I have of you tonight, Walt Whitman, for I walked down the sidestreets under the trees with a headache self-conscious looking at the full moon.In my hungry fatigue, and shopping for imag
Like a Rolling Stone
Once upon a time you dressed so fine You threw the bums a dime in your prime, didnt you? Peopled call, say, beware doll, youre bound to fall You thought they were all kiddin you You u
The open form vs. closed form poetry.
Poetry in the 1950s was under the heavy influence of T. S. Eliot’s often misinterpreted idea of poetry being an escape from self and the Modernist focus on objectivity. Similar to this, and perhaps
Langston Hughes as a representative of the African-American Renaissance. Analysis of Harlem: A Dream Deferred.
Born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri, Langston Hughes (1902−1967) grew up mainly in Lawrence, Kansas, but also lived in Illinois, Ohio, and Mexico. By the time Hughes enrolled at
Harlem: A Dream Deferred
The noted poet, Langston Hughes, focused primarily on race relations in America during the 1920s and 1930s. Sometimes his poetry is simplistic and degenerates into a nothing more than whining, but
The mastery of rhythm and natural imagery in Theodore Roethke’s poems. The meaning of Waking.
Theodore Huebner Roethke (RET-key) (1908–1963) was a United States poet, who published several volumes of poetry characteri
Waking.
When a poem takes dead aim on the eternal we should not be surprised that it draws many interpretations. Neal Bowers sees the key to the cryptic opening lines of The Waking, and consequently
Robert Lowell’s psychological lyricism.
Robert Lowell (1917–1977), born Robert Traill Spence Lowell, IV, was an American poet whose works, confess
Rock-poetry as a cultural phenomenon.
Rock is a form of popular music with a prominent vocal melody accompanied by guitar, drums, and often bass. Many styles of rock music also use keyboard instruments such as organ, p
Playing with the MEANINGS of words
Simile: a comparison using “like” or “as.”
Ex. He’s as dumb as an ox.
Metaphor: a direct comparison.
Ex. He’s an zero.
Playing with the IMAGES of words
Imagery: the use of vivid language to generate ideas and/or evoke emotion via the five senses.
Examples:
· Sight: Smoked mysteriously puffed out
The life and poetry of Jim Morrison. The main ideas of People Are Strange.
James Douglas Morrison (1943–1971) was an American singer, songwriter, writer, and poet. He was best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the popular American rock band The
James Baldwin. Sonny’s Blues.
I read about it in the paper, in the subway, on my way to work. I read it, and I couldn’t believe it, and I read it again. Then perhaps I just stared at it, at the newsprint spelling out his name,
James Baldwin’s biography and major works.
James Arthur Baldwin (August 2, 1924–November 30, 1987) was a novelist, short story writer, playwright, poet, and essayist,
The plot overview.
“Sonny’s Blues” is narrated in the first-person by an unnamed character, Sonny’s brother. An algebra teacher in a high school in Harlem, this narrator is a stable family man with a wife and two son
The socio-historical setting of Sonny’s Blues and characterization of brothers within that context.
a. Growing up in Harlem:
“Sonny’s Blues” takes place during the mid-20th century, probably during the early 1950s. The action of the story occurs prior to the g
The characterization.
Like with so many other stories, in “Sonny’s Blues,” the dramatic action mainly concerns the characters’ changes or lack of them. The character changes in “Sonny’s Blues” are particularly interesti
The imagery.
Following a story’s prevailing imagery can help us to understand an author’s focus or concerns. A story can have a pattern of recurring imagery as well as sentences which describe in figurative or
The themes.
A story’s themes are best and most specifically expressed as complete sentences. Thus, rather than saying “one theme of Sonny’s Blues is suffering” or even “coping with suffering” we should
The biography and works of Richard Bach.
Richard David Bach (b. June 23, 1936, Oak Park, Illinois) is an American writer. He claims to be a direct descendant of Johann Sebastian Bach. Richard Bach is widely known as the a
The seventies: the social context of his works.
Following the social cataclysm of the 1960s and the Vietnam War, Americans turned inward − initiating a decade of “self-help” and healing that some critics have called the “Me decade.” Richar
The main aspects of New Age philosophy and cosmology
Theism
There is a general and abstract idea of God, which can be understood in many ways; seen as a superseding of the need to anthropomorphize deity. Not to be confused with panth
Religion and science
Eclecticism
New Age writers argue people should follow their own individual path to spirituality instead of dogma.
Anti-patriarchy
Feminine forms of spiri
The plot of Jonathan Livingston Seagull.
The novel tells the story of Jonathan Livingston Seagull, a seagull who is bored with the daily squabbles over food and seized by a passion for flight. He pushes himself, learning everything he can
The main themes and symbols.
Several early commentators, focusing mainly on the first part of the book, see it as part of the American self-help and positive thinking culture, epitomized by Norman Vincent Peale and by the New
Ursula Le Guin. She Unnames Them
MOST OF THEM ACCEPTED NAMELESSNESS with the perfect indifference with which they had so long accepted and ignored their names. Whales and dolphins, seals and sea otters consented wi
The appearance of soft science fiction.
Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by an emphasis on scientific or technical detail, or on scientific accuracy, or on both. The term was first used
The main themes of her books.
As it was mentioned abovethey areTaoist, anarchist, feminist, psychological and sociological themes.
Much of Le Guin’s science fiction places a strong emphasis on
Changing the fantasy canon: Earthsea series.
The world of Earthsea is one of sea and islands: a vast archipelago of hundreds of islands surrounded by uncharted ocean. It is uncertain wh
The feminist aspects of She Unnames Them.
“She Unnames Them” is a mâshâl (mâshâl − a Hebrew word for a linguistic construct like a parable, satire or prophecy, but in the ancient
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