Replacement Housing (Помещения для ремонтного молодняка)

Кубанский государственный аграрный университет Кафедра иностранных языков Реферат на тему Replacement Housing.Помещения для ремонтного молодняка Подготовил студент группы СТ-21 Деревенец Ф. Н. Краснодар, 1998 Contents Management factors. Affecting design 4 Facility management 5 Herd size and makeup 5 Management groups 6 Resting space 7 Feeding and watering space 7 Handling and treatment facilities 8 Prep room 8 Feed and bedding storage 8 Cold housing 11 Warm housing 11 Calf housing up to weaning 11 Hutches in Cold Housing 12 Hutch management 13 Individual Pen in Cold Housing 13 Individual Stall in Warm Housing 13 Transition housing 3-5 months 15 Calf Shelter or Super Hutch 17 Transition Barn 17 Calf Barn 18 Heifer housing 6-24 months 19 Freestall Housing 20 Two-row freestall barn 20 Two-row graduated freestall barn 21 Two-row gated freestall 22 Drive-through gated freestall 24 Bedded Pack 24 Counter-sloped barn 24 Optional outside lots 25 Факторы управления.

Воздействие на проект. 27 Средства управления 28 Размеры и структура стада. 28 Управление группами 30 Помещения для отдыха 31 Пространство для кормления 31 Обработка и средства обработки 32 Подготовительное помещение 32 Хранение корма и подстилок 32 Холодное помещение 34 Теплое помещение 35 Помещения для телят вплоть до отлучения 36 Клетки в холодном помещении 36 Управление клетками 36 Индивидуальные загоны в холодном помещении 37 Индивидуальное стойло в теплом помещении 37 Переходное помещение 3-5 месяцев 39 Укрытие для теленка или первоклассная клетка 41 Переходный сарай 42 Сарай для телят 44 Помещение для нетелей 6-24 месяцев 44 Боксовые помещения 45 Двухрядный боксовый сарай 45 Двухрядный дифференцированный боксовый сарай 46 Двухрядный закрываемый бокс 47 Сквозной закрываемый бокс 48 Подстилочный узел 48 Встречно-наклонный сарай 49 Дополнительный внешний участок 51 As replacement heifers grow, their needs change.

This includes a change in needed physical environment. When a heifer is young, it is physically separated from other animals to minimize the risk of disease.

As it grows, it is grouped with other animals to increase resistance to disease and prepare the animal for the breeding herd. Eventually the animal enters the breeding herd and finally the milking herd. Each stage of production requires housing to meet the physical needs of the animal.

Management factors.

Affecting design House replacement animals in separate facilities away from the milking herd to foster a healthy environment for each group.

Well-designed and properly-managed replacement animal housing allows the ability to adopt the best management practices currently recommended.

Plan space, equipment, environment, rations and care to meet the needs of each group. Manage replacements in groups according to their specific requirements. Facility design should allow for easy implementation of the management plan for each group. When planning replacement animal housing, provide Ш Adequate resting and exercise space. Ш Covered, dry and draft-free resting area. Ш Good quality fresh air. Ш Adequate space for feed and water.

Ш Space to group animals by size or age. Ш Clean lots to maintain sanitary conditions. Ш Isolation area for sick animals. Ш Observation area for animals. Ш Treatment facilities. Ш Space for handling and restraint of animals. Poorly planned or improperly managed animal housing increases the risk of disease or injury. High humidities are especially detrimental to animal health. Pneumonia, scours and other diseases can permanently damage vital body organs and reduce milk producing potential of an animal.

Calves and heifers raised in a poor environment may never reach their full genetic potential for milk production.

Facility management

Good management, understanding what to do and then doing it on schedul... Provide Ш Calf housing 0-2 months. Numbers assume uniform calving year-round, 12 months calving interval,... Ш Proper ventilation and environment. Ш Proper resting space or freestall size.

Feeding and watering space

Adjust waterer height to allow small animal access.. Water is essential at all times. Provide at least one watering space p... Provide adequate feeding space, so young stock do not have to compete ... Dairy heifers need 1-1,5 gal of water daily per 100 lb body weight. Se... Optimum feeding space varies with type of feed, feeding schedule and a...

Handling and treatment facilities

Handling and treatment facilities Animal treatment areas are a necessary part of the replacement housing system. Vaccinations, artificial insemination, pregnancy checking, deworming, dehorning and examinations are done easily and safely for animals and workers when animals can be separated and restrained easily.

Equipment that eases labor and saves time in handling animals are Ш Scales. Ш Self-locking feed stanchions. Ш Gatingfencing. Ш Squeeze chutebreeding chute.

Prep room

Prep room Locate a work room near calf housing for feed storage, a refrigeratorfreezer, hot water heater, cleaning sink, health records and supplies. This area can be used to prepare milk replacer and clean feeding equipment.

Feed and bedding storage

Age, monthsWeight, lbSelf-cleaning resting area 8 slope lft ft2Bedded ... 20d32 4x8 hutch 284x7 pen 28 25 28 32 40 50Do not use Do not use 12 13... Feed space requirements. Cold housing building systems provide a dry and draft-free environment... Indoor temperature follows outside temperature very closely.

Calf housing up to weaning

After weaning they can be moved to small group pens.. Keep calves in individual pens in an enclosed building or individual h... Calf housing up to weaning. Calves and young heifers are very susceptible to respiratory illness a... Separate calves to reduce disease transfer from nose-to-nose contact.

Hutches in Cold Housing

Hutches in Cold Housing. Calf hutches have proven to be an excellent way to house calves. Only ... Seal tightly all other sections of the hutch, except for the front and... There are also a variety of prefabricated plasticfiberglass hutches on... Summer shade reduces heat stress on all types of hutches.

Hutch management

Use enough bedding to keep calves clean and dry and to insulate calves... Face hutch fronts south or east to provide draft protection during win... After removing the calf, move the hutch to a clean site to break disea... Crushed rock or sand base provide a solid base for bedding and lessen ... .

Individual Pen in Cold Housing

Individual calf pens, Fig 4, can be used inside a cold housing buildin... A hover or cover on the back half of the pen gives the calf additional... Individual pens require the same type of management as calf hutches.. Place pens on a crushed rock base or concrete floor to provide a base ... They provide isolation for each calf.

Individual Stall in Warm Housing

Drafts, which occur in elevated stalls with open floors for drainage, ... Provide well bedded pens that allow 25-30 ft2 of resting space per cal... Giving special consideration to the calfs environment can make this tr... Ventilating ratesAnimalCold Weather An alternative cold weather rate c... Depending on herd size and the ability to observe an individual calf, ...

Calf Shelter or Super Hutch

The eave in the back wall is open to aid in moisture control in the wi... Remove bales during warm weather. The primary functions of heifer housing are to Ш Minimize animal handl... Solid pen partitions help reduce drafts. The trend is having freestalls and feeding included under the building...

Drive-through gated freestall

The resting floor and feeding floor are sloped 8 lft toward the center... Существует следующее оборудование, позволяющее выполнять работу удобно... Воздушные потоки через здание должны быть достаточными для поддержания... Температура в здании должна оставаться выше температуры замерзания вод... Добавьте подстилку к верхнему краю узла области отдыха как необходимую.