References

References. Basic Facts about the UN. Sales No E.95.1.31 2. Bush G Scowcroft B. Why We didn t Remove Saddam. Times, June 21, 1998 3. Contreras Joseph, Watson Russel. Saddam Old Tricks. News Week, June 15, 1998 4. Documents of the United Nations Department of Public Information 5. Dr. Jan Azud Csc. The Peaceful Settlement of Disputes and the UN. Bratislava Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 1970 6. Inside UNSCOM The Inspector.

Transcript of interview with Charles Duelfer, Deputy Chairman of the UN Special Commission to Iraq. 7. Iraq Bars UN Inspection Teams From Searching For Weapons. Copyright 1998. The Associated Press. 8. Malt Bill G. Parade of the Dead Babies. Times. August 7, 1998 9. Nelan Bruce W. Selling the War Badly. Times, March 2, 1998 10. Osmanczyk Edmund Jan. The Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Relations. 2nd ed. New York Taylor and Francis, 1990 11. Peiser A Serber M. U.S. History and Government.

New York Asmo School Publications, Inc 1992 12. Ritter Leaves Baghdad After Weapons Inspections. CNN News Release. March 10, 1998 13. Saddam Hussein Freezes co-operation with UN inspectors. CNN News Release. August 5, 1998 14. Scott Ritter Testifies In Senate. CNN News Release. September 4, 1998 15. The UN Charter 16. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago Field Enterprises, Inc. 17. U.S. Reacts Sternly to Iraq s Rebuff of Inspectors. CNN News Release, December 9, 1998 18. U.S Britain Bombard Iraq. CNN News Release, December 16, 1998 19. United Nations Iraq-Kuwait observation mission 20. Wedeman Ben Iraqis protest, but against what 21. Western Forces Pound Baghdad in Second, Stronger Assault.

CNN News Release, December 17, 1998 Appendix A CHARTER OF THE UN PREAMBLE WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, AND FOR THESE ENDS to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.

Appendix B The specialized agencies The International Labour Organization ILO formulates policies and programs to improve working conditions and employment opportunities, and defines international labour standards as guidelines for Governments The Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN FAO works to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living, to improve agricultural productivity and food security, and to better the conditions of rural populations The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO promotes education for all cultural development, protection of the worlds natural and cultural heritage, press freedom and communication The World Health Organization WHO coordinates programs aimed at solving health problems and the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health it works in areas such as immunization, health education and the provision of essential drugs The World Bank group provides loans and technical assistance to developing countries to reduce poverty and advance sustainable economic growth The International Monetary Fund IMF facilitates international monetary cooperation and financial stability, and provides a permanent forum for consultation, advice and assistance on financial issues The International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO sets international standards necessary for the safety, security, efficiency and regularity of air transport, and serves as the medium for cooperation in all areas of civil aviation The Universal Postal Union UPU establishes international regulations for the organization and improvement of postal services, provides technical assistance and promotes cooperation in postal matters The International Telecommunication Union ITU fosters international cooperation for the improvement and use of telecommunications of all kinds, coordinates usage of radio and TV frequencies, promotes safety measures and conducts research The World Meteorological Organization WMO promotes scientific research on the atmosphere and on climate change, and facilitates the global exchange of meteorological data and information The International Maritime Organization IMO works to improve international shipping procedures, encourages the highest standards in marine safety, and seeks to prevent marine pollution from ships The World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO promotes international protection of intellectual property and fosters cooperation on copyrights, trademarks, industrial designs and patents The International Fund for Agricultural Development IFAD mobilizes financial resources for better food production and nutrition among the poor in developing countries The UN Industrial Development Organization UNIDO promotes the industrial advancement of developing countries through technical assistance, advisory services and training The International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA, an autonomous intergovernmental organization under the aegis of the UN, works for the safe and peaceful uses of atomic energy The UN and the World Trade Organization WTO, the major entity overseeing international trade, cooperate in assisting developing countries exports through the Geneva-based International Trade Centre.

Appendix C I want an understanding that will help my mission and make it successful Kofi Annan United Nations Secretary General Kofi Atta Annan, current Secretary General of the United Nations, is a native of Ghana at the time of his birth, still a British colony called the Gold Coast. He was born April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, the descendant of a prominent family of paramount chieftains of the Fante people Annan began his education at a Ghanaian university, then completed a degree in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn. He pursued graduate studies in Geneva at the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales.

Again in the United States, Annan earned an M.S. in management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

By 1971, Annan had joined the United Nations.

His experience includes positions as Assistant Secretary General for Program Planning, Budget and Finance, head of human resources and security coordinator, director of the budget, chief of personnel for the High Commission for Refugees and administrative officer for the Economic Commission for Africa.

He was named Under Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations on March 1, 1993. In the peacekeeping post he did, however, take on a number of delicate and complex jobs. He was sent to Iraq to negotiate the release of hostages and the safe transport of a half-million Asian workers who had become stranded in that area. As representative of the UN Secretary General in Bosnia he negotiated his way among the four powers who had intervened in Bosnia the United States, Britain, France and Russia.

On the evening of December 13, 1996, Annan was named Secretary General of the United Nations the first black African to hold the job. In the future, Annan will grapple with the problem of gaining support for the United Nations from the organisations sceptics, especially the U.S. Congress.

Appendix D Membership and Presidency of the Security Council in 1998MonthPresidencyMembership Term EndsJanuaryFrancePermanent MemberFebruaryGabon31 December 1999MarchGambia31 December 1999AprilJapan31 December 1998MayKenya31 December 1998JunePortugal31 December 1998JulyRussian FederationPermanent MemberAugustSlovenia31 December 1999SeptemberSweden31 December 1998OctoberUnited KingdomPermanent MemberNovemberUnited StatesPermanent MemberDecemberBahrain31 December 1999Brazil31 December 1999ChinaPermanent MemberCosta Rica31 December 1998 Appendix E The United Nations was established in the aftermath of a devastating war to help stabilize international relations and give peace a more secure foundation.

The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded five times to the United Nations and its organizations.

Appendix F Country Profile Iraq GeneralSize437,072 sq. kmLocationMiddle EastPopulation21.4 millionGovernmentRepublicLeaderPresident Saddam Hussein PeopleLanguagesArabic, Kurdish official in Kurdish regions, Assyrian, ArmenianMajor Religions Muslim 97 Shia 60-65, Sunni 32-37, Christian or other 3Ethnic groupsArab 75-80, Kurdish 15-20, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5Growth rate 3.69Birth rate43.07 births1,000Death rate 6.57 deaths1,000Fertility rate6.41 childrenwomanMale life expectancy65Female life expectancy68Infant mortality rate60 deaths1,000 live birthsEconomyLabor force4.4 millionUnemployment rate NAInflation Rate NAGross domestic product total value of goods and services produced annually41.1 billion 1995 est. BudgetNADebt50.0 billion 1989Exports NAImportsNADefense spending NAHighways45,554 km 1989 Appendix G Saddam Hussein President of Iraq.