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St. Paul s Cathedral

St. Paul s Cathedral - раздел Лингвистика, Culture of Great Britain St. Paul S Cathedral. It Is Safe To Say That The Three Most Famous Buildings ...

St. Paul s Cathedral. It is safe to say that the three most famous buildings in England are Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and St. Pauls Cathedral.

St. Pauls Cathedral is the work of the famous architect Sir Christopher Wren. It is said to be one of the finest pieces of architecture in Europe. Work on Wrens masterpiece began in 1675 after a Norman church, old St. Pauls, was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. For 35 years the building of St. Pauls Cathedral went on, and Wren was an old mall before it was finished. From far away you can see the huge dome with a golden ball and cross on the top. The interior of the Cathedral is very beautiful.

It is fall of monuments. The most important, perhaps, is the one dedicated to the Duke of Wellington. After looking round you can climb 263 steps to the Whispering Gallery, which runs round the dome. It is called so, because if someone whispers close to the wall on one side, a person with his ear close to the wall on the other side can hear what is said. But if you want to reach the foot of the ball, you have to climb 637 steps. As for Christopher Wren, who is now known as the architect of London, he found his fame only after his death.

He was buried in the Cathedral. Buried here are Nelson, Wellington and Sir Joshua Reynolds. Those who are interested in English architecture can study all the architectural styles of the past 500 or 600 years in Cambridge. The Chapel of King s College is the most beautiful building in Cambridge and one of the greatest Gothic buildings in Europe. It is built in the Perpendicular style.

Its foundation stone was laid in 1446, but it was completed sixty-nine years later. The interior of the Chapel is a single lofty aisle and the stonework of the walls is like lace. The Chapel has a wonderful fan-vaulting which is typical of the churches of that time. We admire the skill of the architects and crafts men who created all these wonderful buildings. Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey is a fine Gothic building, which stands opposite the Houses of Parliament.

It is the work of many hands and different ages. The oldest part of the building dates from the eighth century. It was a monastery - the West Minster. In the 11th century Edward the Confessor after years spent in France founded a great Norman Abbey. In 200 years Henry III decided to pull down the Norman Abbey and build a more beautiful one after the style then balling in France. Since then the Abbey remains the most French of all English Gothic churches, higher than any other English church 103 feet and much narrower. The towers were built in 1735-1740. One of the greater glories of the Abbey is the Chapel of Henry VII, with its delicate fan-vaulting.

The Chapel is of stone and glass, so wonderfully cut and sculptured that it seems unreal. It contains an interesting collection of swords and standards of the Knights of the Bath. The Abbey is famous for its stained glass. Since the far-off time of William the Conqueror Westminster Abbey has been the crowning place of the kings and queens of England.

The Abbey is sometimes compared with a mausoleum, because there are tombs and memorials of almost all English monarchs, many statesmen, famous scientists, writers and musicians. If you go past the magnificent tombstones of kings and queens, some made of gold and precious stones, past the gold-and-silver banners of the Order of the Garter, which are hanging from the ceiling, you will come to Poets Corner. There many of the greatest writers are buried Geoffrey Chaucer, Samuel Johnson, Charles Dickens, Alfred Tennyson, Thomas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling. Here too, though these writers are not buried in Westminster Abbey, are memorials to William Shakespeare and John Milton, Burns and Byron, Walter Scott, William Makepeace Thackeray and the great American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

Here in the Abbey there is also the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior, a symbol of the nation s grief. The inscription on the tomb reads Beneath this stone rests the body of a British Warrior unknown by name or rank brought from France to lie among the most illustrious of the land In the Royal Air Force Chapel there is a monument to those who died during the Battle of Britain, the famous and decisive air battle over the territory of Britain in the Second World War. The Tower of London The Tower on the north bank of the Thames is one of the most ancient buildings of London.

It was founded in the 11th century by William the Conqueror. But each monarch left some kind of personal mark on it. For many centuries the Tower has been a fortress, a palace, a prison and royal treasury. It is now a museum of arms and armour and as one of the strongest fortresses in Britain, it has the Crown Jewels.

The grey stones of the Tower could tell terrible stories of violence and injustice. Many sad and cruel events took place within the walls of the Tower. It was here that Thomas More, the great humanist, was falsely accused and executed. Among famous prisoners executed at the Tower were Henry VIIIs wives Ann Boleyn and Catherine Howard.

When Queen Elizabeth was a princess, she was sent to the Tower by Mary Tudor Bloody Mary and kept prisoner for some time. The ravens whose forefathers used to find food in the Tower still live here as part of its history. There is a legend that if the ravens disappear the Tower will fall. That is why the birds are carefully guarded. The White Tower was built by William the Conqueror to protect and control the City of London.

It is the oldest and the most important building, surrounded by other towers, which all have different names. The Tower is guarded by the Yeomen Warders, popularly called Beefeaters. There are two letters, E.R on the front of their tunics. They stand for the Queens name Elizabeth Regina. The uniform is as it used to be in Tudor times. Their everyday uniform is black and red, but on state occasions they wear a ceremonial dress fine red state uniforms with the golden and black stripes and the wide lace collar, which were in fashion in the 16th century.

Every night at 10 p.m. at the Tower of London the Ceremony of the Keys or locking up of the Tower for the nigh takes place. It goes back to the Middle Ages. Five minutes before the hour the Headwarder comes out with a bunch of keys and an old lantern. He goes to the guardhouse and cries Escort for the keys. Then he closes the three gates and goes to the sentry, who calls Halt, who comes there Headwarder replies The Keys. Whose Keys demands the sentry.

Queen Elizabeths Keys, comes the answer. Advance Queen Elizabeths Keys. Alls well. The keys are finally carried to the Queens House where they are safe for the night. After the ceremony everyone who approaches the gate must give the password or turn away. Festivals of Music and Drama Post-war years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of festivals of music and drama though not enough has been done to involve the general public in these activities.

Some of the festivals, however, are widely popular and it is with these that the book deals. A number of other festivals of music and drama, less well known but sufficiently important to be mentioned, are also included in the list below. The Bath Festival The number of festivals held in Britain every summer goes on and on increasing but few are as well established or highly thought of, particularly in the wider European scene, as the Bath Festival.

In June when the city is at its most beautiful the festival attracts some of the finest musicians in the world to Bath, as well as thousands of visitors from Britain and abroad. Under the artistic direction of Sir Michael Tippett, composer, conductor and one of the greatest minds in British music today, the festival presents a programme of orchestral and choral concerts, song and instrumental recitals and chamber music, so well suited to the beautiful 18th - century halls of Bath. The range of music included is wide and young performers are given opportunities to work with some of the leading names in their fields.

But the festival is not all music. The programme usually includes lectures and exhibitions, sometimes ballet, opera, drama, or films, as well as tours of Bath and the surrounding area and houses not normally open to the public, often a costume ball, maybe poetry - the variety is endless. Much goes on in the city at festival time and many organisations produce a bewildering complexity of events to cater for all tastes from bicycle races and beer gardens to a mammoth one day festival of folk and blues.

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Culture of Great Britain

The Saxon King Alfred encouraged the arts and culture. The chief debt owed to him by English literature is for his translations of and commentaries… It was at this time that William Shakespeare lived. The empire, which was very… There are buildings of all styles and periods. A great number of museums and galleries display precious and…

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