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Правонарушители (Young offenders) - раздел Лингвистика, Мирзоев Тимур 404Young Offendersevery Russian Knows That We Have A L...
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Мирзоев Тимур 404YOUNG OFFENDERSEvery Russian knows that we have a lot of troubles with juveniledelinquency. But not many of us know about troubles with young offenders inother countries. So I am going to tell you about young offenders in GreatBritain. First of all lets see on survey.Up to 30 per cent of teenagerscarry some kind of weapon to protect themselves, with one in five boys carryinga knife, according to a survey which shows widespread concern among youngpeople about their physical safety.
The survey of 24,000 teenagers bythe Schools Education Unit of Exeter University shows that two-thirds of girlsand one-third of boys fear physical attack. About a third of girls and a quarterof boys are so fearful of bulling that they are sometimes, often, or very oftenafraid of going to school.Almost half of 12-13-year-olds and60 per cent of 14-15-year- olds consumed at least one alcoholic drink.About 10 percent 12-13-year-olds and 30 per cent of 14-15-year-olds had tried at least oneillegal drug, usually cannabis.
The Guardian November, 1996 Now lets see what police say aboutyoung offenders. Northumbria police identified 58youngsters- most 15 or younger officially responsible for 1,079 crimes inNewcastle upon Tyne last year and arrested on 833 occasions. They include one boy arrested 37times in a year, who was a thief and a burglar at 11, and another thought tohave committed at least 300 crimes. He had been arrested 64 times in threeyears.Six month ago he stole an army motorcycle and an automatic rifle both laterrecovered- after absconding from a remand center.
But on the assumption that he 58have committed an overage of 7.8 crimes for every arrest, the report estimatesthat they could have been responsible for a staggering 6,500 crimes last year. Young criminals were graded in fivecategories from most persistent offenders to minor . Alan Brown, the assistant chiefconstable of Northumbria, called for a national strategy to deal with juvenileoffenders starting with special units for boys under 15 who, at present,cannot be remanded in custody.
They need to be prisonlike, but could be usedfor juveniles on the verge of becoming persistent offenders who needsupervision before they become seriously involved in crime, he said. TheGuardian November, 1996 All this makes us think about onething What makes them commit crimes? Here is some points.Involvement in offending and druguse amongst young people is widespread every other male and every thirdfemale admitted to committing offences and the same numbers admitted usingdrugs at some time but most offending is infrequent and minor and most druguse is confined to using cannabis. The strongest influences on startingto offend are low parental supervision, persistent truancy and associating withothers involved in offending, all of which are strongly related to the qualityof relationships with parents.
The most common age fore startingthe following activities 1- 14years for truanting and running away from Home.2- 15years for offending and taking cannabis3- 16years for taking drugs other than cannabisThe peakages for offending are 21 for males and 16 for females.
So,how we should prevent crime by young people?British specialists offer Itwould be better to prevent the offending behavior in the first place. Steps canbe taken by a wide range of agencies to address such problems by interveningbefore those at risk start to offend.Local agencies need to pilot suchinterventions in the areas where they era most needed, and evaluate them tolearn what works.
Childrenbrought up in families with lax parental supervision and which live in poorneighborhoods are more likely to become offenders. Parents who are bringing uptheir children in difficult circumstances can be helped by professionals toimprove their parenting skills and produce better-behaved.Whereparents fail to socialize their children adequately, schools end up coping withbad behavior among their pupils.
Youngpeople who are excluded from school or who truant are more likely to offend so it is worrying that the number of pupils permanently excluded from schoolshas risen. Schools can be helped to deal with difficult pupils by supportworkers, and by advice from child and adolescent mental health services.Useof drugs and alcohol is high among young offenders 70 per cent of those onsupervision orders admit to taking drugs and over half get drunk at least oncea week. Multi-agency Drug Action Teams need to ensure that some of the servicesdeveloped locally cater for the needs of those under the age of 18.
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