рефераты конспекты курсовые дипломные лекции шпоры

Реферат Курсовая Конспект

Business relation ships in japan (english)

Business relation ships in japan (english) - раздел Лингвистика, Conflictnegotiations Finalpaper Moscowstate University Internationalcollege ...

ConflictNegotiations finalpaper MoscowState University InternationalCollege BUSINESSRELATIONSHIPS IN JAPAN Business relationships in Japan arecharacterized by a well-structured hierarchy and a strong emphasis on nurturingpersonal contacts.Generally, they are built up over long periods of time orare based on common roots, such as birthplace, school or college. Also, anunusually strong emphasis is placed on social activities to strengthen ties. Itis not surprising, therefore, that those looking in from the outside may seethe Japanese business world as comparatively hard to break into. In fact, thereare many different kinds of business relationships, but most share two features- they have been built up slowly and carefully, and much time is spent inkeeping them up to date. Business relationships in Japan are part of an ever-broadening circlethat starts within the company uchi - inside, or us , and movestowards the outside soto to include related companies, industry or businessorganizations, and the like. Most Japanese companies have aseries of very close relationships with a number of other companies thatprovide them with support and a multitude of services.

It has been traditionalpractice for a company to hold shares in these related companies, apractice which has given rise to a high proportion of corporate cross-shareholdings in Japan. This has been a show of faith on the part of one companytowards another, and also has been useful in providing companies with a core ofstable and friendly shareholders.

When dealing with a Japanesecompany, it is important to be aware of the existence and nature of some ofthese close relationships, in particular those with banks and tradingcompanies. Understanding these can help to define the nature of the company andthe way it does business, as well as its positioning in the Japanese businessworld.

It should also be understood that there is a constant flow ofinformation between Japanese enterprises and their banks and trading companies.Unless the need for confidentiality is made very clear, these may soon be awareof any negotiations in which the company is involved.

Larger corporate groupings arebecoming more familiar to non- Japanese business circles. These groupings areknown as keiretsu, and some have their roots in the large pre-World War IIconglomerates.Accusations of keiretsu favouritism overriding more attractiveoutside offers sometimes are levelled at Japanese companies.

When asked aboutthis practice by a foreign businessman, the president of a large Japaneseelectronics company replied It s like going to the tailor your fatherwent to. He may be more expensive than the competition and perhaps even not thebest, but he has served your family well for many years and you feel duty boundto remain a faithful customer.There is a tendency in Japanese businessto be guided by the familiar and human considerations, and thus it is importantfor anyone wishing to do business in Japan to go a major part of the way inestablishing a communications network and a real presence. BusinessNegotiations amp Meeting Etiquette Face to face contact is essential inconducting business.

It is more effective to initiate contact through apersonal visit set up by an introduction through an intermediary than throughcorrespondence.Initial contacts are usually formal meetings between topexecutives more detailed negotiations may be carried out later by those whowill be directly involved.

During the first meeting, you get acquainted andcommunicate your broad interests you size each other up and make decisions onwhether ongoing discussions are worthwhile. At this point you should not spellout details or expect to do any negotiating. Exchange business cards meishi atthe beginning of the meeting. The traditional greeting is the bow. ManyJapanese businessmen who deal with foreign companies also use the handshake.Ifyou bow, then you should bow as low and as long as the other person, to signifyyour humility.

First names are not usually used in a business context. InJapan, the family name is given last, as in English. You should address YoshiTakeda as Mr. Takeda or Takeda-san. Expect to gothrough an interpreter unless you learn otherwise.If meeting high-rankinggovernment officials, an interpreter is always used even if they can speakEnglish fluently because customarily, they refrain from speaking foreignlanguages in public.

Other businessmen may speak some English but may not beadequate for undertaking business negotiations.Exchangingmeishi Conservative dress is common forboth men and women in public.Most Japanese professionals wear Western-styledress European more than American , although during the hot summer months, menoften do not wear suit jackets. Concern about how others perceive youpervades business and social communication in Japan. Since saving and losingface are so important, you should avoid confrontation or embarrassingsituations.

A distributor that cannot follow up on a promise made to a customerloses face and may suffer damages to its reputation. Remember, if you aresupplying distributors in Japan, to deliver on time especially if they aresamples or else face a long chain of lost faces and apologies.An error ordelayed shipment, even if it is not your fault, may damage your company sreputation with the Japanese company you are dealing with as well as all thecompanies and customers that Japanese company does business with. Followingthrough on promises and agreements, both oral and written, is of utmostimportance and when you cannot do this you will have to swallow your pride andapologize profusely until you are forgiven.

This is all part of common businesspractice and you may see business people including top executives on theirknees apologizing. When in Japan be ready to include this as a part hopefullynot regular part of your own business practice.Nonverbal communications -gestures, nuances, inferences - are very important in signaling intentions.

No is seldom said directly, and rejection is always statedindirectly. Remember that the Japanese hai means Yes, I understandyou rather than Yes, I agree with you. The Japanese will sitin silence for some time - it is a way to reflect on what has been said. Earlybusiness and social contacts are characterized by politeness and formality.The Japanese like to launch newproducts or take other important initiatives on lucky days. Theluckiest day, called the taian , occurs about every six days. YourJapanese counterpart will probably want to delay a major announcement until thenext taian . Japanese calendars usually indicate these days. The presentation of a new product istraditionally followed by a reception with the product on display an omiyage,or gift, is given to each attendee.

This adds to the overall cost of the event.Japan epitomizes the rule Makea friend, then make a sale. When selling to or negotiating with theJapanese, do not rush things. the Japanese prefer a ritual of getting to knowyou, deciding whether they want to do business with you at all, instead ofputting proposals on the table, and seeing whether agreement is possible withina broad framework.The Japanese prefer to close with a broad agreement and mutualunderstanding, preceded by thorough discussion of each side s expectations andgoals.

If they decide they want to do business, they will negotiate the detailswith you later.

A Japanese negotiator cannot give aprompt answer during an initial discussion. No commitment can be made until thegroup or groups he or she represents reach a consensus. Do not expect animmediate answer. Negotiations may take an extended period. Japanese executives emphasize goodfaith over legal, contractual safeguards. They are not in the habit of negotiatingdetailed contracts that cover all contingencies.However, Japanese managers whoare accustomed to Western business dealings are familiar with more structuredcontracts. In case of disputes, the Japanese prefer resolving issues out ofcourt on basis of the quality of the business relationship.A Japanese partner or customer will usually prefer to develop a businessrelationship in stages, with a limited initial agreement that, if successful,is gradually extended into a broader, more binding agreement.

So once you makea commitment, expect it to be for a long time. If you break it, your reputationwill be affected and everyone will know. It may be difficult to find anotherJapanese partner after this happens.

Sources 1. Internet Alta Vista, Lycos 2. Boye D Mente Business guide toJapan. Opening doors and closing deals! ,1998.

– Конец работы –

Используемые теги: business, Relation, ships, japan, english0.084

Если Вам нужно дополнительный материал на эту тему, или Вы не нашли то, что искали, рекомендуем воспользоваться поиском по нашей базе работ: Business relation ships in japan (english)

Что будем делать с полученным материалом:

Если этот материал оказался полезным для Вас, Вы можете сохранить его на свою страничку в социальных сетях:

Еще рефераты, курсовые, дипломные работы на эту тему:

Business relation ships in japan (english)
It has been traditionalpractice for a company to hold shares in these related companies, apractice which has given rise to a high proportion of… When dealing with a Japanesecompany, it is important to be aware of the… It should also be understood that there is a constant flow ofinformation between Japanese enterprises and their banks…

Business relation ships in japan (english)
It has been traditionalpractice for a company to hold shares in these related companies, apractice which has given rise to a high proportion of… When dealing with a Japanesecompany, it is important to be aware of the… It should also be understood that there is a constant flow ofinformation between Japanese enterprises and their banks…

Lecture 5. New English Period in the History of the English Language. Phonetic Features of Old English
Lecture New English Period in the History of the English Language Phonetic... In the th th c the feudal system started to decay and bourgeois relationships and capitalism started to...

Old English Period in the History of the English Language. Old English Written Records
Old English Period in the History of the English Language Old English Written...

L 4. Middle English Period in the History of the English Language. Middle English Written Records
L Middle English Period in the History of the English Language Middle English Written...

Water World as Another Home for English Nation Reflected in the English Folklore (english)
Москва, 5. Dictionary of the British Mythology, Oxford 6. Identities, 1993 The British are a most curious nation in many aspects.When a tourist… This very characteristics turned them into not only a curious nation, but also… It inspired a huge number of stories, tales, poems, superstitions and prejudicies and it has always been worshipped by…

The Development of Vowel System in Middle English and New English.
The Development of Vowel System in Middle English and New English The Development of...

Business English, учебник F.W. King, Units 3-6, для специальности Мировая экономика
Are u ready to grant discounts for large steady purchases We are also interested in your future supply position for next 5 years. We hope to hear from u shortly. Ex 4 enquery on behalf of u firm to the… We would also be glad if u agree to meet our representative in France show him a sample of your typewriter next month.…

Lexico-sementic chartersticcs of business letter correspondence (english)
The question of the history of official communication, the main stages of business transactions, the role of person s feeling for the proper use of… The practical part contains several examples of business letters the occasions… Therefore certain skills must be acquired by practice, and details of writing must be carefully and thoroughly…

Historical Background of Modern English Spelling. Old English Morphology
Historical Background of Modern English Spelling Old English Morphology...

0.029
Хотите получать на электронную почту самые свежие новости?
Education Insider Sample
Подпишитесь на Нашу рассылку
Наша политика приватности обеспечивает 100% безопасность и анонимность Ваших E-Mail
Реклама
Соответствующий теме материал
  • Похожее
  • По категориям
  • По работам