ACCORD
to be in good accord with — õîðîøî ñîãëàñîâûâàòüñÿ
according to }
accordingly } — ñîãëàñíî, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ
ACCORDANCE
in accordance with — â ñîîòâåòñòâèè, â ñîãëàñèè ñ
AGREEMENT
be in agreement (with) — íàõîäèòüñÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ bring into agreement — ïðèâîäèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèå ñ
AID
aid in — ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü AIM
aim at — ñòðåìèòüñÿ ê ÷åìó-ëèáî ALL
all along — âåçäå, ïîâñþäó
all in all — âñåãî, â öåëîì
all but — ïî÷òè, ÷óòü íå
at all — âîîáùå; âîâñå; ñîâñåì
if at all — åñëè ýòî âîîáùå èìååò ìåñòî
not at all — íèñêîëüêî; âîâñå íå; ñîâñåì íå
first of all — ïðåæäå âñåãî
ALLOW — ïîçâîëÿòü; äàâàòü; äîïóñêàòü
allow for — ïðåäóñìàòðèâàòü; ó÷èòûâàòü with an allowance for — ñ ó÷åòîì make allowance for — ó÷èòûâàòü; äåëàòü ñêèäêó, ïîïðàâêó íà...
ALREADY - óæå
ALTERNATE— ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûé
alternative — ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûé, äðóãîé alternatively — íàïðîòèâ; èíà÷å
ALTHOUGH— õîòÿ; õîòÿ è ALTOGETHER — ïîëíîñòüþ; âñåöåëî
AMOUNT
amount to — äîõîäèòü äî; ñîñòàâëÿòü; ðàâíÿòüñÿ
AND
and so on }
and so forth } — è òàê äàëåå
ANOTHER — äðóãîé
one another — äðóã äðóãà
ANTICIPATE — îæèäàòü, ïðåäâèäåòü; îïåðåæàòü, çàáåãàòü âïåðåä
ANY — êàêîé-òî; êàêîé-íèáóäü; ëþáîé; âñÿêèé (â óòâåðäèòåëüíîì ïðåäëîæåíèè) if any — åñëè âîîáùå èìååòñÿ not any longer = no longer — áîëüøå íå at any rate — âî âñÿêîì ñëó÷àå
APART — íà ðàññòîÿíèè (äðóã îò äðóãà); âðîçü
APPARENT — ïðåäïîëàãàåìûé; êàæóùèéñÿ; î÷åâèäíûé
it is apparent }
apparently } — î÷åâèäíî
APPEAR — ïîÿâëÿòüñÿ; êàçàòüñÿ; ïî-âèäèìîìó appearance — âíåøíèé âèä; ïîÿâëåíèå it appears — îêàçûâàåòñÿ
APPROACH n. — ìåòîä; ïîäõîä ARISE (arose, arisen) — âîçíèêàòü
AS — êàê; â âèäå; â êà÷åñòâå; êîãäà, ïî ìåðå òîãî êàê, òàê êàê; ñòîëü æå; êîòîðûé
AS — ïîñëå ïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî èëè íàðå÷èÿ: êàêèì áû (êàê áû) + ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå (íàðå÷èå) + íè áûë as it is — ïîñëå ïðè÷àñòèÿ II: ïîñêîëüêó as it does — ïîñëå ïðè÷àñòèÿ I: ïîñêîëüêó as... as — òàêîé æå... êàê; òàê æå... êàê; ñòîëü æå... êàê as applied — â ïðèìåíåíèè; ïðèìåíèòåëüíî as compared to (with) — ïî ñðàâíåíèþ as contrasted — â ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòü as early as + äàòà — óæå; åùå
as far as }
so far as } — ïîñêîëüêó; íàñêîëüêî; ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ
in so far as }
as far as... is concerned } — ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ; ïî
so far as... is concerned } ñêîëüêó ðå÷ü èäåò î
m so far as... is concerned }
as far back as + äàòà — åùå; óæå
as follows — ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì
to be as follows — çàêëþ÷àòüñÿ â ñëåäóþùåì
as if (as though) — êàê áû; êàê åñëè áû; êàê áóäòî áû
as is the case — êàê îáñòîèò äåëî; êàê ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò (èìååò ìåñòî)
as the case may be — ñìîòðÿ ïî îáñòîÿòåëüñòâàì
as late as + äàòà — óæå; òîëüêî
as long as — ïîêà
as low as + âåëè÷èíà — (âïëîòü) äî
as many as }
as much as } + âåëè÷èíà — (âïëîòü) äî
as many... as — ñòîëüêî... ñêîëüêî
as a matter of fact — ôàêòè÷åñêè; íà ñàìîì äåëå; ñàìî ñîáîé ðàçóìååòñÿ
as opposed — â ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòü
as regards — ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ
as stated — êàê óñòàíîâëåíî
as soon as — êàê òîëüêî
as such — êàê òàêîâîé
as though (as if) — êàê áóäòî áû; êàê åñëè áû
as to — ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ; ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ òîãî
as well — òàêæå
as well as — òàê æå, êàê
as yet — äî ñèõ ïîð
not so... as — íå ñòîëü... êàê; íå òàêîé... êàê; íå òàê... êàê
so as (to) — òàê ÷òîáû
so... as (to) — òàê... ÷òî (÷òîáû)
ASIDE
aside from — ïîìèìî; êðîìå
ASSUMEñ÷èòàòü; ïðèíèìàòü (âèä, ôîðìó)
ATTENTION
call attention (to) }
direct attention } — îáðàùàòü âíèìàíèå íà draw attention — ïðèâëåêàòü âíèìàíèå ê give attention (to) }
pay attantion } —óäåëÿòü âíèìàíèå; îáðà-
ùàòü (ñâîå) âíèìàíèå íà
AVAILABLE — èìåþùèéñÿ â ðàñïîðÿæåíèè; ãîäíûé; äîñòóïíûé
be available — íàõîäèòüñÿ (áûòü) â íàëè÷èè; áûòü ãîäíûì
AVERAGE
on the average — â ñðåäíåì
BACK
back and forth — âçàä è âïåðåä as far back as + äàòà — åùå; óæå
BE(was, were, been) — áûòü; ÿâëÿòüñÿ; ñ îáñòîÿòåëüñòâîì ìåñòà: íàõîäèòüñÿ; ðàâíÿòüñÿ + ÷èñëî (âåëè÷èíà); ñ èíôèíèòèâîì èëè ïðèäàòî÷íûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì: ñîñòîÿòü â òîì, ÷òî (÷òîáû) be + èíôèíèòèâ — âûðàæàåò ìîäàëüíîñòü èëè áóäóùåå âðåìÿ; ïåðåâîäèòñÿ ñëåäóåò (äîëæåí); ìîæíî áóäåò
be of + ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå — èìåòü; ïðåäñòàâëÿòü be of importance — èìåòü çíà÷åíèå be of interest — ïðåäñòàâëÿòü èíòåðåñ be of service — áûòü ïîëåçíûì be of value — èìåòü çíà÷åíèå; áûòü öåííûì living being — æèâîå ñóùåñòâî for the time being — âðåìåííî; ïîêà
BEAR(bore, borne) — íåñòè
to bear in mind — ïîìíèòü; èìåòü â âèäó to bear on — èìåòü îòíîøåíèå
BECAUSE— ïîòîìó ÷òî because of — èç-çà
BEFOREprp, — äî; ïåðåä; adv. — äî ýòîãî; ïåðåä òåì; conj. — äî òîãî, êàê; ïåðåä òåì, êàê long before — çàäîëãî äî; çàäîëãî äî òîãî, êàê before long — âñêîðå it is not long before — âñêîðå
BELIEVE— âåðèòü; ñ÷èòàòü; ïîëàãàòü BESIDE— ðÿäîì; îêîëî BESIDES— êðîìå, êðîìå òîãî
BOTHîáà
both... and — êàê... òàê è
BRING(brought, brought) — ïðèíîñèòü; ïðèâîçèòü; ïðèâîäèòü
to bring into apreement — ïðèâîäèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèå
BUTñînj. — íî; ðrð. — êðîìå; adv. — òîëüêî but for — åñëè áû íå
BY — ïðåäëîã ìåñòà — ïðè; îêîëî; ó; ïðåäëîã âðåìå
íè — ê; ïåðåä ãåðóíäèåì — ïðè ïîìîùè, ïóòåì;
ïîñëå ãëàãîëà â ñòðàäàòåëüíîì çàëîãå — óêàçû
âàåò íà äåéñòâóþùåå ëèöî èëè ïðåäìåò
to increase by — óâåëè÷èâàòüñÿ } íà êàêóþ-òî
to divide by — äåëèòü } âåëè÷èíó
to multiply by — óìíîæàòü }
CALL
to call attention to — îáðàùàòü âíèìàíèå íà, ïðèâëåêàòü âíèìàíèå ê
CAREï. — çàáîòà; ñòàðàíèå
to take care of — çàáîòèòüñÿ; ñòàðàòüñÿ, ó÷èòûâàòü to take care + èíôèíèòèâ èëè ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå öåëè — îñòåðåãàòüñÿ, ïðèíèìàòü ìåðû ïðåäîñòîðîæíîñòè
to exercise care — ïðèíèìàòü ìåðû ïðåäîñòîðîæíîñòè; ïðîÿâëÿòü îñòîðîæíîñòü
CAREFULLY— òùàòåëüíî, îñòîðîæíî
CARRY
to carry out — ïðîâîäèòü; âûïîëíÿòü (îïûò è ïð.)
CASE
in case — â êà÷åñòâå ñîþçíîãî ñëîâà: â ñëó÷àå, åñëè
in which case — â ýòîì ñëó÷àå; ïðè÷åì â ýòîì ñëó÷àå
as is the case — êàê îáñòîèò äåëî; êàê ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò (èìååò ìåñòî)
it (this) is the case — ýòî ñëó÷àåòñÿ; ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò (èìååò ìåñòî); ýòî òàê
it (this) is far from the case — ýòî äàëåêî íå òàê
it (this) is not the case — ýòî íå ïðîèñõîäèò (íå èìååò ìåñòà); ýòî íå òàê
such is the case — òàê ïðîèñõîäèò (èìååò ìåñòî); òàê îáñòîèò äåëî
as the case may be — ñìîòðÿ ïî îáñòîÿòåëüñòâàì
CAUSEï. — ïðè÷èíà; v. — ïðè÷èíÿòü, âûçûâàòü
cause + èíôèíèòèâ — çàñòàâëÿòü; ïðèâîäèòü ê
CERTAIN— îïðåäåëåííûé; íåêîòîðûé
it is certain }
be certain } — îïðåäåëåííî, íåñîìíåííî
be certain of — áûòü óâåðåííûì â ÷åì-ëèáî CHANCEn. — ñëó÷àé; v. — ñëó÷àòüñÿ
COME(came, come) — ïðèõîäèòü; ïðèåçæàòü
come forth — âûõîäèòü íàðóæó; ïðîÿâëÿòüñÿ; ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå + to come — ãðÿäóùèé; áóäóùèé
come into play — âìåøèâàòüñÿ; âñòóïàòü â äåéñòâèå
come out — îêàçûâàòüñÿ
come + èíôèíèòèâ — ñòàíîâèòüñÿ; íà÷èíàòü
COMMON— îáùèé; îáû÷íûé
it is common observation — îáùåèçâåñòíî it is common practice — îáùåïðèíÿòî
COMPARE
compared with }
as compared } ïî ñðàâíåíèþ
CONCERNn. — äåëî; èíòåðåñ; çàáîòà; v. — êàñàòüñÿ; ðàññìàòðèâàòü; èíòåðåñîâàòüñÿ be concerned with — èìåòü äåëî ñ; êàñàòüñÿ as far as... is concerned } so far as... is concerned } — ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ; in so far as... is concerned } ïîñêîëüêó ðå÷ü èäåò concerned — ðàññìàòðèâàåìûé; çàòðîíóòûé; äàííûé; î êîòîðîì èäåò ðå÷ü concerning — îòíîñèòåëüíî
CONDITION
make conditions — ñòàâèòü óñëîâèÿ meet the conditions — óäîâëåòâîðÿòü óñëîâèÿì observe conditions — ñîáëþäàòü óñëîâèÿ on (under) condition — ïðè óñëîâèè other conditions being equal — ïðè ïðî÷èõ ðàâíûõ óñëîâèÿõ
CONNECTION
in connection with — â ñâÿçè
CONSIDER— ðàññìàòðèâàòü; ñ÷èòàòü; ó÷èòûâàòü
consider + èíôèíèòèâ èëè ïðèäàòî÷íîå äîïîëíåíèå: ñ÷èòàòü considerable — çíà÷èòåëüíûé
CONSIDERATION— ñîîáðàæåíèå; ðàññìîòðåíèå
give consideration to — ó÷èòûâàòü, ïðèíèìàòü âî
âíèìàíèå take into consideration — ó÷èòûâàòü; ïðèíèìàòü âî
âíèìàíèå
CONSIST OF — ñîñòîÿòü èç
CONVENTION
by convention — óñëîâíî
CONVERSELY— íàîáîðîò
CORRECT
correct for — äåëàòü ïîïðàâêó íà
CORRESPONDING— ñîîòâåòñòâåííûé, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî
COURSE
in the course of time — ñî âðåìåíåì of course — êîíå÷íî
CREDIT
credit with — ïðèïèñûâàòü, äîâåðÿòü
CUSTOMARY
it is customary — ïðèíÿòî
DATA(pl.) — äàííûå DATE— ÷èñëî; äàòà
DEAL
a great deal }
} — ìíîãî; î÷åíü a good deal }
deal (dealt, dealt) with — ðàññìàòðèâàòü; ðàçáèðàòü; èçó÷àòü; èìåòü äåëî ñ; çàíèìàòüñÿ; çàòðàãèâàòü; êàñàòüñÿ
DEPEND
depend on (upon) — çàâèñåòü îò; îñíîâûâàòüñÿ be dependent on (of) — çàâèñåòü îò depending on (upon) — â çàâèñèìîñòè îò
DIE
die away — îòìèðàòü; çàìèðàòü
DIVIDE
divide by — äåëèòü íà (÷èñëî) divide into — äåëèòü íà (÷àñòè)
DIRECTLY— ïðÿìî; íåïîñðåäñòâåííî 224
DO(did, done) — äåëàòü; âñïîìîãàòåëüíûé ãëàãîë äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ âîïðîñèòåëüíîé è îòðèöàòåëüíîé ôîðìû Present è Past Indefinite; ãëàãîë-óñèëèòåëü, ïåðåâîäèòñÿ: âñå æå, äåéñòâèòåëüíî, ôàêòè÷åñêè, íà ñàìîì äåëå; ãëàãîë — çàìåñòèòåëü ïðåäøåñòâóþùåãî ãëàãîëà do away with — îòêàçàòüñÿ îò ÷åãî-ëèáî have to do with — èìåòü äåëî ñ ÷åì-ëèáî do without — îáõîäèòüñÿ áåç ÷åãî-ëèáî
DOWNWARDS -âíèç
DUE a. — äîëæíûé; íàäåæíûé
due to — èç-çà; áëàãîäàðÿ; âûçâàííûé; îáóñëîâëåííûé
due to + èìÿ ñîáñòâåííîå — ðàçðàáîòàííûé êåì-ëèáî
be due to — îáóñëîâëèâàòüñÿ be due to + èìÿ ñîáñòâåííîå — áûòü ðàçðàáîòàííûì êåì-ëèáî
EACH— êàæäûé
each other — äðóã äðóãà
with each other — äðó ñ äðóãîì
EARLY— ðàíî
as early as + äàòà — óæå; åùå
EFFECTï. — âëèÿíèå; äåéñòâèå; v. — îñóùåñòâëÿòü
Å. G.— íàïðèìåð
EITHER— ëþáîé (èç äâóõ); îäèí (èç äâóõ); îáà either.... or — èëè... èëè
ENABLE— äàâàòü âîçìîæíîñòü END — êîíåö; öåëü
as an end in itself — êàê ñàìîöåëü ENOUGH— äîñòàòî÷íî ESPECIALLY- îñîáåííî ESSENTIAL— ãëàâíûé; îñíîâíîé
it is essential — ñóùåñòâåííî; âàæíî
essentially — â îñíîâíîì; ïî ñóùåñòâó EVEN — äàæå
even though — äàæå; åñëè; õîòÿ
8 Çàê. 10S225
EVERY— âñå, âñÿêèé, êàæäûé
every now and then (again) — âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè every time — âñÿêèé ðàç; âñÿêèé, ðàç, êîãäà
everybody }
— âñå everyone }
everything — âñå
everywhere — âåçäå, ïîâñþäó
EVIDENCE —äàííûå it is evident } evidently } — î÷åâèäíî
EXAMPLE
for example (for instance) — íàïðèìåð
EXCEPT— êðîìå, êðîìå êàê
except for — êðîìå; êðîìå, êàê
except that — çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì òîãî, ÷òî; êðîìå òîãî, ÷òî
except where otherwise stated — êðîìå îñîáî îãîâîðåííûõ ñëó÷àåâ
except where specially mentioned — êðîìå îñîáî óïîìÿíóòûõ ñëó÷àåâ
EXCEPTION
with the exception — èñêëþ÷àÿ, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì
EXCLUSIVELY— èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî
EXERCISE
exercise care — ïðèíèìàòü ìåðû ïðåäîñòîðîæíîñòè; ïðîÿâëÿòü îñòîðîæíîñòü
EXPOSE— ïîäâåðãàòü äåéñòâèþ
when exposed — ïðè äåéñòâèè
EXTENT— ñòåïåíü
to an extent — äî íåêîòîðîé ñòåïåíè to a large extent — â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè to some extent — äî íåêîòîðîé ñòåïåíè to a small extent — â íåáîëüøîé ñòåïåíè the extent to which — òî, íàñêîëüêî
FACT
the fact that — òî, ÷òî; òî îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî, ÷òî the fact is (that) — äåëî â òîì, ÷òî in fact — ôàêòè÷åñêè, íà ñàìîì äåëå
FAIL— íå óäàâàòüñÿ; íå èìåòü ñèëû (î çàêîíå, ïðàâèëå è ò. ï.); íå; íå ìî÷ü (ïåðåä èíôèíèòèâîì)
FAILING— çà íåèìåíèåì; â ñëó÷àå îòñóòñòâèÿ FAILURE— íåñïîñîáíîñòü; íåâîçìîæíîñòü FAIRLY— äîâîëüíî
FALL(fell, fallen)
fall short — íå ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü
FAMILIAR— îáû÷íûé; çíàêîìûé
to become familiar (with) — ñòàíîâèòüñÿ îáû÷íûì, ïîçíàêîìèòüñÿ
FAR—äàëåêî
far beyond — äàëåêî çà ïðåäåëàìè
far + ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ ñòåïåíü — çíà÷èòåëüíî; ãîðàçäî; íåñîìíåííî
as far as
so far as — ïîñêîëüêó; íàñêîëüêî;
in so far as ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ
as far as... is concerned — ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ; ïî-
in so far as... is concerned ñêîëüêó ðå÷ü
èäåò î
as far back as + äàòà — åùå; óæå
by far + ïðåâîñõîäíàÿ ñòåïåíü — óñèëèâàåò ïðåâîñõîäíóþ ñòåïåíü; ïåðåâîäèòñÿ íåñîìíåííî
by far the best — íåñîìíåííî, ñàìûé ëó÷øèé
so far
thus far — äî ñèõ ïîð; ïîêà
FAVOUR
be in favour — ãîâîðèòü (ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàòü) â
ïîëüçó in favour of — â ïîëüçó; â çàùèòó
FEW — ìàëî
a few — íåñêîëüêî
few if any — ìàëî; åñëè âîîáùå ñêîëüêî-íèáóäü èìååòñÿ
FINALLY— â êîíöå êîíöîâ; íàêîíåö
FIND(found, found) — íàõîäèòü; îêàçûâàòüñÿ
FIRST— âïåðâûå; ñíà÷àëà at first — ñíà÷àëà
8* 227
the first — ïåðâûé
in the first place — âî-ïåðâûõ
first of all — ïðåæäå âñåãî
FOLD— êðàòíûé
manyfold — ìíîãî ðàç; ìíîãîêðàòíûé
two-fold — äâóêðàòíûé
FOLLOW— ñëåäîâàòü çà êåì-, ÷åì-ëèáî; ïðèäåðæèâàòüñÿ ÷åãî-ëèáî; ñëåäîâàòü êîìó-, ÷åìó-ëèáî; ïðîñëåæèâàòü; ñëåäèòü çà; ñìåíÿòü êîãî-ëèáî (íà ïîñòó)
followed by — çà êîòîðûì ñëåäóåò; ðrð. — à âïîñëåäñòâèè, à âïîñëåäñòâèè è
following — ñëåäóþùèé; ðrð. — âñëåä çà
as follows — ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì
in what follows — â äàëüíåéøåì
to be as follows — çàêëþ÷àòüñÿ â ñëåäóþùåì
it follows that — îòñþäà âûòåêàåò, ÷òî; èç ýòîãî ñëåäóåò, ÷òî
FOND
to be fond of — ëþáèòü; íðàâèòüñÿ
FORðrð. — äëÿ; â òå÷åíèå; ñînj. — èáî
for fear — ÷òîáû íå; èç ñòðàõà, èç áîÿçíè
for a moment — íà ìîìåíò
for example }
for instance } — íàïðèìåð
but for — åñëè áû íå
were in not for — åñëè áû íå
FORCEn. — ñèëà, v. — çàñòàâëÿòü
to force upon — íàâÿçûâàòü, çàñòàâëÿòü to be forced — áûòü âûíóæäåííûì
THE FORMER -ïåðâûé FORMERLYadv. — ïðåæäå FORTUNATELY -êñ÷àñòüþ FROM... TO —îò... äî FURTHER— äàëüíåéøèé, äàëåå FURTHERMORE— áîëåå òîãî, äàëåå
GENERAL— îáû÷íûé, îáùèé; îñíîâíîé in general } generally } — îáû÷íî; â îáùåì; âîîáùå
GET (got, got) + èíôèíèòèâ — çàñòàâëÿòü to ger rid of — îñâîáîäèòüñÿ to get up speed — íàáèðàòü ñêîðîñòü
GIVE(gave, given) — äàâàòü; ïðèäàâàòü; ïðèâîäèòü ê ÷åìó-ëèáî
give attention (to) — óäåëÿòü âíèìàíèå give rise (to) — äàâàòü íà÷àëî; ïðèâîäèòü ê ÷åìó-ëèáî
give up — îòêàçûâàòüñÿ, áðîñàòü give way — óñòóïèòü ìåñòî
given } — åñëè äàíî, åñëè èìååòñÿ
given that }
GO (went, gone)
go on — ïðîäîëæàòü
GOOD
it is no good — áåñïîëåçíî; íå ñòîèò
GOVERN— îïðåäåëÿòü; ðóêîâîäèòü be goverened by — ïîä÷èíÿòüñÿ
GRADUALLY— ïîñòåïåííî
HAND
at hand (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) — íàëè÷íûé; èìåþùèéñÿ â ðàñïîðÿæåíèè, ðàññìàòðèâàåìûé
HANDLE— îáðàùàòüñÿ
HAPPEN— ñëó÷àéíî, ñëó÷àéíî îêàçûâàòüñÿ
HARD— ìíîãî; óïîðíî
hard work — áîëüøàÿ (òðóäíàÿ) ðàáîòà hardly — åäâà; åäâà ëè
HAVE (had, had)
have + èíôèíèòèâ — äîëæåí had it not been for — åñëè áû íå
HELP
(I) cannot help + ãåðóíäèé — (ß) íå ìîãóò íå...
HENCE— îòñþäà; ñëåäîâàòåëüíî
HIGH —âûñîêèé
as high as + âåëè÷èíà — äî highly — âåñüìà; î÷åíü
HITHERTO —äî ñèõïîð
HOLD(held, held) v. — äåðæàòü; ñ èíôèíèòèâîì èëè ïðèäàòî÷íûì äîïîëíèòåëüíûì ïðåäëîæåíèåì: ñ÷èòàòü; èìåòü ñèëó (î çàêîíå è ïð.); ïðîâîäèòü (ñîáðàíèå è ïð.).
hold good for } — èìåòü ñèëó; ðàñïðîñòðà-
hold thue for } íÿòüñÿ íà ÷òî-ëèáî
HOW — êàê; íàñêîëüêî
HOWEVER —îäíàêî
however + ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå — êàê áû... íè; êàêîé áû... íè
IDENTIFYwith smth — îïîçíàòü êàê, îòîæäåñòâëÿòü I. E. — ò. å.
IF— åñëè; åñëè áû; ëè (ïåðåâîä ïðèäàòî÷íîãî, ââåäåííîãî ñîþçîì if (ëè), ñëåäóåò íà÷èíàòü ñî ñêàçóåìîãî)
if any — åñëè âîîáùå èìååòñÿ if at all — åñëè ýòî âîîáùå èìååò ìåñòî as if — êàê áû; êàê åñëè áû; êàê áóäòî áû
IMPLY— ïîäðàçóìåâàòü; íàìåêàòü; îçíà÷àòü; çàêëþ÷àòü â ñåáå
IMPORTANCE
of importance (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) — èìåþùèé çíà÷åíèå be of importance — èìåòü çíà÷åíèå
IN + ÃÅÐÓÍÄÈÉ—ïðè
INCREASE BY— óâåëè÷èâàòüñÿ íà (êàêóþ-ëèáî âåëè÷èíó) increasingly — âñå áîëåå
IN SO FARAS — ïîñêîëüêó; íàñêîëüêî
in so far as... is concerned — ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ
INSTANCE -ñëó÷àé
INSTANT
at the instant — â êà÷åñòâå ñîþçíîãî ñëîâà: â òîò ìîìåíò, êîãäà
INSTEAD— âìåñòî ýòîãî
instead of — âìåñòî; âìåñòî òîãî, ÷òîáû
INTEREST
be interested in — èíòåðåñîâàòüñÿ ÷åì-ëèáî be of interest — ïðåäñòàâëÿòü èíòåðåñ of interest (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) — ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèé èíòåðåñ
take interest in — èíòåðåñîâàòüñÿ, ïðîÿâëÿòü èíòåðåñ ê
INVESTIGATION
under investigation (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) — èññëåäóåìûé; êîòîðûé èññëåäóåòñÿ
INVOLVE— âêëþ÷àòü; âëå÷ü çà ñîáîé; âîâëåêàòü
INVOLVED— èìåþùèé ìåñòî; ðàññìàòðèâàåìûé; ñëîæíûé
ISSUE
at issue (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) — ðàññìàòðèâàåìûé
IT — ëè÷íîå ìåñòîèìåíèå: îí, îíà, îíî; óêàçàòåëüíîå ìåñòîèìåíèå ýòî; íåîïðåäåëåííî-ëè÷íîå ìåñòîèìåíèå (íà ðóññêèé ÿçûê íå ïåðåâîäèòñÿ) it is... that (which, who) — èìåííî it is not until (till)... that — åñëè until ïðåäëîã:
òîëüêî; òîëüêî ïîñëå; åñëè until ñîþç: òîëüêî
òîãäà, êîãäà
ITSELF —ñàì
by itself (in itself) — ñàì ïî ñåáå
JUDGE
judge by — ñóäèòü ïî
JUST— òîëüêî ÷òî; íåìíîãî; ëèøü; êàê ðàç just as — òàê æå êàê; êàê ðàç òàê, êàê
JUSTIFY— îïðàâäûâàòü; ïðîâåðÿòü
be justified — áûòü âïðàâå; áûòü óâåðåííûì
KEEP(kept, kept) v. — ñîõðàíÿòü, ïðîäîëæàòü keep in mind — ïîìíèòü keep in sight — âèäåòü, íå òåðÿòü èç âèäó keep from — óäåðæèâàòü; ìåøàòü keep on — ïðîäîëæàòü
LAST— ïðîøëûé
the last — ïîñëåäíèé at last — íàêîíåö
LATE
as late as + äàòà — óæå; òîëüêî be late — îïàçäûâàòü
LATTER
the latter — ïîñëåäíèé
LEAD(led, led) — âåñòè
lead + èíôèíèòèâ — åñëè äàëåå èíôèíèòèâ: çàñòàâëÿòü; ïðèâîäèòü ê
LEARN— óçíàâàòü LEAST
the least — íàèìåíüøèé; íàèìåíåå at least — ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå
LESS
none the less — òåì íå ìåíåå
LEAVE(left, left)
leave out of account — íå ïðèíèìàòü âî âíèìàíèå leave for — óåçæàòü
LENGTH
at length — ïîäðîáíî
LEST— ÷òîáû... íå
LET(let, let) v. — ïóñêàòü; ïóñòü let in — âïóñêàòü let me — ïîçâîëüòå ìíå let us — äàâàéòå
LIKE— ïîäîáíî, êàê
be like — áûòü ïîäîáíûì should (would) like — õîòåë áû
likely — âåðîÿòíî; ìîæåò
unlikely }
not likely } — ìàëî âåðîÿòíî; âðÿä ëè likewise — òàêèì æå îáðàçîì
LINEn. — ëèíèÿ; íàïðàâëåíèå
along these lines — â ýòîì íàïðàâëåíèè
LITTLEa. — ìàëåíüêèé; adv. — ìàëî a little — íåìíîãî
little, if any — ìàëî, åñëè âîîáùå ñêîëüêî-íèáóäü èìååòñÿ
LONG BEFORE— çàäîëãî äî; çàäîëãî äî òîãî, êàê it is not long before — âñêîðå no longer = not any longer — áîëüøå íå as long as — ïîêà before long — âñêîðå; ñêîðî
LOOKv. — âûãëÿäåòü
look at — ñìîòðåòü íà look after — ïðèñìàòðèâàòü look for — èñêàòü
LOW
as low as + âåëè÷èíà — (âïëîòü) äî
MAINLY— ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì
MAKE(made, made)
make + èíôèíèòèâ — çàñòàâëÿòü
make certain — óäîñòîâåðèòüñÿ
make condition — ñòàâèòü óñëîâèå
make a distinction — ðàçëè÷àòü
make mention — óïîìèíàòü
make provisions — ïðåäóñìàòðèâàòü; ïðèíèìàòü
ìåðû
make reference to — ññûëàòüñÿ íà make reliance upon — ïîëàãàòüñÿ íà make sure — óäîñòîâåðÿòü (-ñÿ) make up — ñîñòàâëÿòü be made (up) of — ñîñòîÿòü èç make up one's mind — ðåøàòü; ðåøàòüñÿ, make use of — èñïîëüçîâàòü
MANNERï. — îáðàç; ñïîñîá; õàðàêòåð
the manner — â êà÷åñòâå ñîþçíîãî ñëîâà: òàê, êàê in this manner — òàêèì îáðàçîì in no manner — íèêîèì îáðàçîì
MANY
as many as + âåëè÷èíà — (âïëîòü) äî as many... as — ñòîëüêî... ñêîëüêî
MARKED —çàìåòíûé
MATTERï. — ïðåäìåò; âîïðîñ; v. — èìåòü çíà÷åíèå as a matter of fact — ôàêòè÷åñêè; íà ñàìîì äåëå;
ñàìî ñîáîé ðàçóìååòñÿ a matter of time — âîïðîñ âðåìåíè
it is a matter of common (general) experience —
îáùåèçâåñòíî (ïî îïûòó) it is a matter of common (general) knowledge —
îáùåèçâåñòíî
it is a matter of common observation — îáùåèçâåñòíî no matter — áåçðàçëè÷íî; íåçàâèñèìî îò òîãî it is a matter of history — èçâåñòíî èç èñòîðèè
MEAN(meant, meant) v. — îçíà÷àòü; ïðåäíàçíà÷àòü(ñÿ) äëÿ; ïîäðàçóìåâàòü mean a. — ñðåäíèé means n. — ñðåäñòâî be any means — ëþáûì ñïîñîáîì by no means — íèêîèì îáðàçîì by means of — ïðè ïîìîùè; ïîñðåäñòâîì by which means — ïîñðåäñòâîì ÷åãî
MEASUREï. — ìåðà; ñòåïåíü; v. — èçìåðÿòü
in a measure — îò÷àñòè; äî íåêîòîðîé ñòåïåíè
MEET(met, met) — âñòðå÷àòü; óäîâëåòâîðÿòü (òðåáîâàíèÿì, óñëîâèÿì è ïð.)
MERE— ïðîñòîé; âñåãî ëèøü
merely — ëèøü; ïðîñòî; òîëüêî
MINDï. — óì; v. — ïîìíèòü, âîçðàæàòü
be of one mind — ïðèäåðæèâàòüñÿ åäèíîãî ìíåíèÿ bear in mind }
have in mind } — ïîìíèòü keep in mind }
in mind (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) — êîòîðûé èìååòñÿ â âèäó make up one's mind — ðåøàòü(ñÿ)
MINUTEï. — ìèíóòà; à. — ìåëü÷àéøèé, ïîäðîáíûé
MOMENT
the moment — â êà÷åñòâå ñîþçíîãî ñëîâà: â òîò
ìîìåíò, êîãäà for the moment — ïîêà; íà äàííûé ìîìåíò
MORE— áîëüøå
÷èñëèòåëüíîå +òîrå — åùå (îäèí, äâà è ò. ä.)
no more — áîëüøå íå
once more — åùå ðàç
the more so — îñîáåííî; òåì áîëåå òàê
MOREOVER— êðîìå òîãî; áîëåå òîãî
MOST ï. áîëüøèíñòâî; most + ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå èëè íàðå÷èå — âåñüìà; î÷åíü; áîëüøèíñòâî most + ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå — áîëüøèíñòâî; áîëüøàÿ
÷àñòü
at most — ñàìîå áîëüøåå; â ëó÷øåì ñëó÷àå the most + ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå — ñàìûé; íàèáîëåå
MOSTLY— â îñíîâíîì
MUCH— ìíîãî
much + ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ ñòåïåíü ïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî —
ãîðàçäî; çíà÷èòåëüíî; íåñîìíåííî much the same — ïî÷òè òàêîé æå as much as + âåëè÷èíà — (âïëîòü) äî so much — òàê ñèëüíî; òàê ìíîãî
MULTIPLY BY —óìíîæàòü íà NAMELY— à èìåííî
NATURE— õàðàêòåð
naturally — åñòåñòâåííî
NEAR— áëèçêî; îêîëî nearly — ïî÷òè
NECESSARILY— îáÿçàòåëüíî
NEEDï. — íóæäà; v. — íóæäàòüñÿ; êàê ìîäàëüíûé ãëàãîë â âîïðîñèòåëüíûõ è îòðèöàòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ: áûòü äîëæíûì be in need of smth — íóæäàòüñÿ â ÷åì-ëèáî needless to say — íå÷åãî è ãîâîðèòü; íå ñòîèò è ãîâîðèòü; ñàìî ñîáîé ðàçóìååòñÿ
NEGLIGIBLE— íåçíà÷èòåëüíûé, ïðåíåáðåæèìûé
NEITHER— à òàêæå íå; òàê æå... íå neither (of) — íè îäèí (èç) neither... nor — íè... íè
NEVER— íèêîãäà
nevertheless — òåì íå ìåíåå
NEXTa. — ñëåäóþùèé; ñîñåäíèé; áóäóùèé; adv. — çàòåì; äàëåå; ðrð. — ðÿäîì; îêîëî
NO — íèêàêîé; íè îäèí NONE— íè îäèí
none the less — òåì íå ìåíåå
NOR — òàêæå íå; è... íå
neither... nor — íè... íè
NOT — íå
not at all — íèñêîëüêî; âîâñå íå; ñîâñåì íå not only... but (also) — íå òîëüêî... íî è (òàêæå) not so... as — íå òàêîé., êàê; íå òàê... êàê; íå ñòîëü...
êàê
not yet — åùå íå not until — òîëüêî; òîëüêî ïîñëå; òîëüêî ïîñëå òîãî,
êàê not until after — òîëüêî ïîñëå òîãî, êàê; òîëüêî
òîãäà, êîãäà
NOTHING -íè÷åãî
nothing but — íè÷åãî, êðîìå
NOW
now that — òåïåðü, êîãäà
NUMBER -÷èñëî
a number of — ðÿä
the number of — ÷èñëî
a great number of — áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî
NUMEROUS— ìíîãî÷èñëåííûé
OBJECTï. — öåëü; ïðåäìåò object v. — âîçðàæàòü objection — âîçðàæåíèå
OBSERVE
observe conditions — ñîáëþäàòü óñëîâèÿ
OR
or else — èëè æå
or so — èëè îêîëî òîãî
ORDER
in order that }
in order to } — äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû
in order for }
be in order — áûòü â ïîðÿäêå; áûòü óìåñòíûì;
áûòü ãîòîâûì be in good order — áûòü â ïîðÿäêå
ORDINARY —îáû÷íûé ORIGINALLY— ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî
OTHER
any other — ëþáîé äðóãîé other than — äðóãîé; îòëè÷íûé; ïîìèìî; êðîìå other things (conditions, factors) being equal — ïðè ïðî÷èõ ðàâíûõ óñëîâèÿõ
each other }
} — äðóã äðóãà
one another }
OTHERWISE— èíà÷å; â ïðîòèâíîì ñëó÷àå; â äðóãîì îòíîøåíèè âî âñåì îñòàëüíîì
OVER
over-all — îáùèé; ïîëíûé
OWING TO- áëàãîäàðÿ
PART
in part } — ÷àñòè÷íî; îò÷àñòè
partly }
to take part (in) — ó÷àñòâîâàòü â
PARTICULAR— ÷àñòíûé; îñîáûé; ñïåöèôè÷åñêèé; îò
äåëüíî âçÿòûé
in particular }
particularly } â îñîáåííîñòè
PAY
pay attention (to) óäåëÿòü (îáðàùàòü) âíèìàíèå
PER — íà; çà; â
per cent — ïðîöåíò per day — â äåíü
PLACE
place restriction on — äåëàòü îãðàíè÷åíèå
in place of — âìåñòî
in one's place — íà ÷üåì-ëèáî ìåñòå
out of place — íåóìåñòíî; íå ê ìåñòó
take place — ïðîèñõîäèòü; èìåòü ìåñòî
take the place (of) — çàíÿòü ìåñòî; çàìåñòèòü
PLAY
play the part (of) — èãðàòü ðîëü
come into play — âìåøèâàòüñÿ; âñòóïàòü â äåéñòâèå
POINT— âîïðîñ; ñòàäèÿ
point at issue — ðàññìàòðèâàåìûé âîïðîñ point of view — òî÷êà çðåíèÿ at this point — íà ýòîé ñòàäèè; çäåñü point out — óêàçûâàòü
PRACTICALLY— ïî÷òè; ôàêòè÷åñêè PRECISELY— òî÷íî; îïðåäåëåííî
PRASENTà. — ïðèñóòñòâóþùèé; íàñòîÿùèé; äàííûé; ñîâðåìåííûé; ï. — íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ; to present v. — äàâàòü; ïðåäñòàâëÿòü be present — ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü present day — ñîâðåìåííûé at present }
presently } — â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ; ïîêà
for the present — ïîêà
PREVENT
prevent }
prevent from } — ìåøàòü; ïðåäîòâðàùàòü
PREVIOUSLY— ðàíåå; ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî
PROCEDURE— ìåòîäèêà; ìåòîä; ïðîöåññ
PRONOUNCE
pronounced — ÿðêî âûðàæåííûé
PROVE— îêàçûâàòüñÿ: äîêàçûâàòü
PROVIDE— îáåñïå÷èâàòü; äàâàòü
provided (that) }
providing (that) } — ïðè óñëîâèè åñëè
REASON
for this reason — ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå
there is good (every) reason — åñòü âñå îñíîâàíèÿ
reasonably äîâîëüíî
RECENTLY— íåäàâíî; çà ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ until recently — äî íåäàâíåãî âðåìåíè
REFER— óïîìèíàòü î; ññûëàòüñÿ íà; îòíîñèòü ê; ïîñûëàòü; íàïðàâëÿòü ê; îòíîñèòü çà ñ÷åò; ïðèïèñûâàòü refer to as — íàçâàòü; ñ÷èòàòü
REFERENCE
reference to — ññûëêà íà ÷òî-ëèáî; ñïðàâêà; óïîìèíàíèå make reference to — ññûëàòüñÿ íà
REGARDï. — îòíîøåíèå; âçãëÿä; v. — ñ÷èòàòü; ðàññìàòðèâàòü; îòíîñèòüñÿ as regards
in regard (to) } — ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ; â
with regard (to) } îòíîøåíèè; îòíîñèòåëüíî
regarding }
regardless — íåçàâèñèìî îò; íåâçèðàÿ íà
RELATE
be related to — êàñàòüñÿ; áûòü ñâÿçàííûì ñ; èìåòü îòíîøåíèå
RELIANCE
place reliance on — ïîëàãàòüñÿ íà
reliable — íàäåæíûé
rely on (upon) — ïîëàãàòüñÿ íà; áûòü óâåðåííûì â
RENDER+ ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå — äåëàòü ÷òî-ëèáî êàêèì-òî; äåëàòüñÿ
RESEMBLEsmth in — ïîõîäèòü íà ÷òî-ëèáî ïî (â)
RESPECT
in many respects — âî ìíîãèõ îòíîøåíèÿõ in no respect — íè â êàêîì îòíîøåíèè in this respect — â ýòîì îòíîøåíèè with respect to — ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê respectively — ñîîòâåòñòâåííî
RESPONSIBLE
be responsible for — áûòü îòâåòñòâåííûì çà; îáúÿñíÿòü; áûòü ïðè÷èíîé
REST
the rest — îñòàëüíîé; îñòàëüíàÿ ÷àñòü
be at rest — íàõîäèòüñÿ â ñîñòîÿíèè ïîêîÿ
RESULTï. — ðåçóëüòàò; v. — âîçíèêàòü
result in — äàâàòü â ðåçóëüòàòå; ïðèâîäèòü ê result from — ÿâëÿòüñÿ ðåçóëüòàòîì; ïðîèñòåêàòü resulting a. — âîçíèêàþùèé â ðåçóëüòàòå as a result — â ðåçóëüòàòå
RID
get rid of — îñâîáîæäàòüñÿ; îòäåëûâàòüñÿ
RISE
give rise to — äàâàòü íà÷àëî; ïðèâîäèòü ê ROOM
there is no room (for) — íåò ìåñòà (äëÿ) RULE
rule out — èñêëþ÷àòü
SAKE
for the sake of — ðàäè; äëÿ
SAME
the same — òîò æå ñàìûé
much the same — ïî÷òè òàêîé æå
SAVE— êðîìå
SAY (said, said) — ãîâîðèòü; íàçûâàòü say — ñêàæåì; íàïðèìåð it goes without saying — íå òðåáóåò äîêàçàòåëüñòâ;
ñàìî ñîáîþ ðàçóìååòñÿ that is to say — òî åñòü; èíà÷å ãîâîðÿ; äðóãèìè
ñëîâàìè
SCALE
on a large scale — â øèðîêîì (â ïðîìûøëåííîì) ìàñøòàáå
SCARCELY— åäâà; åäâà ëè SEEM— ïî-âèäèìîìó, êàçàòüñÿ
SENSE
in a sense — â íåêîòîðîì ñìûñëå in the sense of — â òîì ñìûñëå, ÷òî
SERVICE
be of service — áûòü ïîëåçíûì
SET — ðÿä
set forth — âûäâèãàòü; ïðåäëàãàòü
set smth (into motion) — ïðèâîäèòü ÷òî-ëèáî (â
äâèæåíèå)
set up — íà÷èíàòüñÿ set out — îòïðàâëÿòüñÿ
SETTLE- ðåøàòü (âîïðîñ, çàäà÷ó)
SHORT
to fall short — íå ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü; íóæäàòüñÿ; íåäîñòàâàòü
to be short of — îùóùàòü íåäîñòàòîê in short — êîðî÷å ãîâîðÿ shortly — âñêîðå
SINCE conj. — òàê, êàê; ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê; adv. — ñ òåõ ïîð; ðrð. — ñ=ïîñëå
SO — òàê; ïîýòîìó; òàêèì îáðàçîì; òàê æå so as (to) — òàê, ÷òîáû
so... as to — òàê (òàêîé, íàñòîëüêî)... ÷òî (÷òîáû) so far — äî ñèõ ïîð
so far as }
in so fa r as } — íàñêîëüêî; ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ
so far as... is concerned } — ÷òî êàñàåòñÿ; in so far as... is concerned } ïîñêîëüêó ðå÷ü èäåò so long as — ïîêà
so that — òàê, ÷òî
so to put it }
so to say } — òàê ñêàçàòü so... that — íàñòîëüêî... ÷òî and so on }
and so forth } — è òàê äàëåå not so... as — íå òàêîé... êàê; íå òàê... êàê; íå ñòîëü... êàê
SOLUTION — ðåøåíèå (çàäà÷è); ðàñòâîð SOLVE — ðåøàòü (âîïðîñ, çàäà÷ó)
SOME— íåêîòîðûé, êàêîé-òî, êàêèå-òî, íåñêîëüêî sometimes — èíîãäà
somewhat — íàñêîëüêî; äî íåêîòîðîé ñòåïåíè; îò÷àñòè
SOON
as soon as — êàê òîëüêî
no sooner... that — íå óñïåë... êàê; êàê òîëüêî
SOUND ï. — çâóê; à. — çäðàâûé
SPITE
in spite of — íåñìîòðÿ íà
STEP
spet by step — ïîñòåïåííî
to take steps — äåëàòü øàãè; ïðèíèìàòü ìåðû
STILL adv. — âñå æå; îäíàêî; âñå åùå; äî ñèõ ïîð; åùå
STRANGE
strangely enough — êàê íè ñòðàííî
STRIKE (struck, struck)
striking (by) — ïîðàçèòåëüíûé (-î)
SUBJECT ï. — ïðåäìåò; à. — ïîäâåðãàåìûé äåéñòâèþ be subject to errors — ãðåøèòü îøèáêàìè subject v. — ïîäâåðãàòü äåéñòâèþ
SUBSEQUENTLY — âïîñëåäñòâèè SUBSTANTIALLY — â îñíîâíîì
SUBSTITUTE
substitute by — çàìåíÿòü ïåðâîå âòîðûì substitute for — çàìåíÿòü âòîðîå ïåðâûì substitute into — ïðåäñòàâëÿòü
SUCCEED — ñëåäîâàòü (â îïðåäåëåííîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè); ñìåíÿòü; äîñòèãàòü öåëè to succeed in — óäàâàòüñÿ; èìåòü óñïåõ success — óñïåõ successful — óñïåøíûé successive — ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûé succession — ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü
SUCH
as such — êàê òàêîâîé
such as to — òàêîé, ÷òî (÷òîáû)
such... as to — òàêîé... ÷òî (÷òîáû)
SUFFICIENT — äîñòàòî÷íûé sufficiently — äîñòàòî÷íî
SUGGEST — ïðåäëàãàòü; ïðåäïîëàãàòü; íàâîäèòü íà ìûñëü; ãîâîðèòü â ïîëüçó
SURE
be sure — íåñîìíåííî; êîíå÷íî
be sure of — áûòü óâåðåííûì â ÷åì-ëèáî
TAKE (took, taken) — áðàòü; ôîòîãðàôèðîâàòü
take + èíôèíèòèâ èëè ïðèäàòî÷íîå äîïîëíèòåëüíîå — ïðèíèìàòü; ñ÷èòàòü it takes + óêàçàòåëü âðåìåíè — òðåáóåò; òðåáóåòñÿ
(ñòîëüêî-òî âðåìåíè)
the time taken (by) — íåîáõîäèìîå (òðåáóåìîå) âðåìÿ
take account of } — ïðèíèìàòü âî
take into account } âíèìàíèå; ó÷èòûâàòü take advantage of — ó÷èòûâàòü; èñïîëüçîâàòü take care of — çàáîòèòüñÿ; ñòàðàòüñÿ; ó÷èòûâàòü take care + èíôèíèòèâ èëè ïðèäàòî÷íîå ïðåäëîæåíèå öåëè — îñòåðåãàòüñÿ; ïðèíèìàòü ìåðû ïðåäîñòîðîæíîñòè take for — ñ÷èòàòü; ïðèíèìàòü çà take for granted — ñ÷èòàòü äîêàçàííûì; ïðèíèìàòü
áåç äîêàçàòåëüñòâ
take interest in — çàèíòåðåñîâàòüñÿ; ïðîÿâëÿòü èíòåðåñ ê
take into consideration — ïðèíèìàòü âî âíèìàíèå take notice (of) — çàìå÷àòü, îáðàùàòü âíèìàíèå
íà
take opportunity (of) — ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ, âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ (ñëó÷àåì) take part (in) — ó÷àñòâîâàòü take place — ïðîèñõîäèòü; èìåòü ìåñòî take the place — çàíÿòü ìåñòî; çàìåñòèòü take precautions — ïðèíèìàòü ìåðû ïðåäîñòîðîæíîñòè
take steps + èíôèíèòèâ — ïðèíèìàòü ìåðû; ïðåäïðèíèìàòü øàãè
TECHNIQUE— ìåòîäèêà; ñïîñîá; àïïàðàòóðà TENDv. — ñòðåìèòüñÿ; èìåòü ñòðåìëåíèå
TERMï. — òåðìèí; óñëîâèå; ÷ëåí
in terms (of) — â âûðàæåíèÿõ; èñõîäÿ èç; íà îñíîâàíèè
TEST
under test (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) — èññëåäóåìûé; èñïûòûâàåìûé
THAN —÷åì
no sooner... than — íå óñïåë... êàê; êàê òîëüêî rather than — à íå
THATpron. — òîò (ýòîò); çàìåñòèòåëü ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî ïåðåâîäèòñÿ òåì ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì, êîòîðîå çàìåíÿåò; con/. — ÷òî; òî, ÷òî; ÷òîáû; êîòîðûé that is — òî åñòü
that is to say — òî åñòü; èíà÷å ãîâîðÿ is that — çàêëþ÷àåòñÿ â òîì, ÷òî (÷òîáû) it is... that (which, who) — èìåííî it was not until... that — (åñëè until ïðåäëîã) òîëüêî ïîñëå; (åñëè until ñîþç) òîëüêî òîãäà, êîãäà now that — òåïåðü, êîãäà
THE — àðòèêëü; ÷àñòî ïåðåâîäèòñÿ ýòîò; òîò
the + ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ ñòåïåíü ïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî èëè íàðå÷èÿ — ÷åì... òåì (the sooner... the better — ÷åì ñêîðåå... òåì ëó÷øå); ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ ñòåïåíü ïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî èëè íàðå÷èÿ (áåç àðòèêëÿ)...
the + ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ ñòåïåíü ïðèëàãàòåëüíîãî èëè íàðå÷èÿ — òåì... ÷åì
THEMSELVES -ñàìè
be themselves — ñàìè ïî ñåáå
THEN— òîãäà; çàòåì
since then — ñ òåõ ïîð
until then — äî òîãî âðåìååíè
THERE —òàì
there is — èìååòñÿ; åñòü there exists — ñóùåñòâóåò there is believed — ïîëàãàþò
THEREBY— ïîñðåäñòâîì ÷åãî; ïîñðåäñòâîì ýòîãî THEREFORE —ïîýòîìó
THESE —ýòè;îíè
these are — (â íà÷àëå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ) âîò
THING
(all) other things being equal — ïðè ïðî÷èõ ðàâíûõ óñëîâèÿõ
THINK(thought, thought) — äóìàòü; ïîëàãàòü to think of as — ñ÷èòàòü
THIS — ýòî
this is — (â íà÷àëå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ) âîò
THOROUGHLY —òùàòåëüíî
THOSE— ò.å; çàìåñòèòåëü ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî âî ìí. ÷èñëå (ïåðåâîäèòñÿ òåì ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì, êîòîðîå çàìåíÿåò)
245
THOUGH —õîòÿ; õîòÿ è
as though — êàê áû; êàê åñëè áû; êàê áóäòî áû even though — äàæå åñëè; äàæå õîòÿ ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå èëè íàðå÷èå + though — êàêèì áû íè; êàê áû íè
THROUGH— ïóòåì; ïîñðåäñòâîì; ÷åðåç THROUGHOUT— ïîâñþäó; íà âñåì ïðîòÿæåíèè
THUS— òàêèì îáðàçîì
thus far — äî ñèõ ïîð
TILL— äî; ïîêà... íå
TIME ï. — âðåìÿ; ïåðèîä; ðàç
at a time — îäíîâðåìåííî; çàðàç
for a long time — â òå÷åíèå äîëãîãî âðåìåíè
for the time being — âðåìåííî; ïîêà
for the first time — âïåðâûå
in time — âîâðåìÿ
by the time — (â êà÷åñòâå ñîþçíîãî ñëîâà) ê òîìó
âðåìåíè, êîãäà each time — (â êà÷åñòâå ñîþçíîãî ñëîâà) êàæäûé
ðàç, êîãäà it is time — ïîðà
it takes one's time — (êîìó-òî) òðåáóåòñÿ âðåìÿ the time (â êà÷åñòâå ñîþçíîãî ñëîâà) â òî âðåìÿ,
êîãäà
this time — íà ýòîò ðàç times — ðàç; óìíîæåííûé ï. times the length — â n ðàç äëèííåå; â n ðàç
áîëüøå, ÷åì äëèíà
õ times as heavy (as) — â õ ðàç òÿæåëåå (÷åì) at times — ïî âðåìåíàì; èíîãäà
TOGETHER —âìåñòå
ÒÎÎ — òîæå, òàêæå
too + ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå èëè íàðå÷èå — ñëèøêîì
TOWARDS— ê; â íàïðàâëåíèè ê
TREAT— îáðàáàòûâàòü; îáðàùàòüñÿ; ðàññìàòðèâàòü; èçëàãàòü treatment — îáðàáîòêà; îáñóæäåíèå; èçëîæåíèå
TURN
turn into — ïðåâðàùàòüñÿ
turn out (to be) — îêàçûâàòüñÿ
in turn — â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü; ïî î÷åðåäè
TWICE— äâàæäû; äâà ðàçà; â äâà ðàçà áîëüøå TWO
the two — îáà; ýòè äâà
TYPICAL OF -òèïè÷íûé äëÿ
to be typical of — áûòü òèïè÷íûì äëÿ to be typical in — áûòü òèïè÷íûì ïî
ULTIMATELY— â èòîãå; â êîíöå êîíöîâ
UNDER
under + ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå — ïåðåâîäèòñÿ ïðè÷àñòèåì
under investigation — èññëåäóåìûé under test — èñïûòûâàåìûé under way — îñóùåñòâëÿåìûé â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ
UNCOMMONLY— íåîáû÷íî; ðåäêî
not uncommonly — äîâîëüíî îáû÷íî
UNFORTUNATELY -ê ñîæàëåíèþ UNQUESTIONABLY- áåññïîðíî; íåñîìíåííî
UNLESS - åñëè... íå
unless otherwise (specially) mentioned (stated, specified) — åñëè íå îãîâîðåíî îñîáî
UNLIKE
unlike + ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå — â îòëè÷èå îò
be not like }
be unlike } — îòëè÷àòüñÿ
be unlikely }
unlikely } — ìàëîâåðîÿòíîå; âðÿä ëè
not likely }
not unlikely — äîâîëüíî âåðîÿòíî
UNTIL— ïîêà... íå
until now — äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè
not until — òîëüêî; òîëüêî ïîñëå
it was not until... that — (åñëè until ïðåäëîã)
òîëüêî ïîñëå; (åñëè until ñîþç) òîëüêî òîãäà, êîãäà
UP TO — äî; âïëîòü äî
USE
used to — áûâàëî; îáû÷íî (âûðàæàåò îáû÷íóþ
ñèòóàöèþ â ïðîøëîì) it is no use — áåñïîëåçíî; íå ñòîèò make use of — èñïîëüçîâàòü in use (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) èñïîëüçóåìûé;
óïîòðåáëÿåìûé
VALUE
of value — (ïîñëå ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî) èìåþùèé
çíà÷åíèå to be of value — èìåòü çíà÷åíèå
VERYadv. — î÷åíü; à. — òîò ñàìûé; ñàìûé
VIEW
view point } } — òî÷êà çðåíèÿ
point of view }
in view of — ââèäó
with a view to — ñ öåëüþ
VIRTUE
be virtue of — áëàãîäàðÿ
WAY — ïóòü; ñïîñîá; îáðàç
by way of illustration — â êà÷åñòâå èëëþñòðàöèè
the way (â êà÷åñòâå ñîþçíîãî ñëîâà) òî, êàê
the way in which — òî, êàê
the only way in which — åäèíñòâåííî, êàê
in a general way — â îáùèõ ÷åðòàõ
in some way or other — òåì èëè èíûì ñïîñîáîì
in such a way as to — òàê, ÷òîáû
in the way that — òàê, êàê; òàê, ÷òîáû
in this way — òàêèì îáðàçîì
be on the way — áûòü íà ïóòè
give way — óñòóïèòü ìåñòî
put it another way — äðóãèìè ñëîâàìè
under way — äàííûé; òåêóùèé
WELL
as well — òàêæå
as well as — òàê æå, êàê
it may well be — âïîëíå ìîæåò áûòü
WERE
were it not for — åñëè áû íå
were it not that — åñëè áû íå òî, ÷òî
WHAT— ÷òî; òàêîé; òî, ÷òî; êàêîâ
WHATEVER— êàêîé áû íè; âñÿêèé, êîòîðûé; ÷òî áû íè; âñå, ÷òî; ïîñëå any óñèëèâàåò any; ïîñëå îòðèöàíèÿ óñèëèâàåò îòðèöàíèå, ïåðåâîäèòñÿ âîâñå
WHENEVER— êîãäà áû íè; âñÿêèé ðàç, êîãäà
WHEREAS— òîãäà êàê
WHEREBY-ïîñðåäñòâîì ÷åãî; â ñèëó ÷åãî
WHEREVER— ãäå áû íè; âåçäå, ãäå; êóäà áû íè; âñþäó, êóäà (ãäå)
WHETHER— ëè (ïåðåâîä íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñî ñêàçóåìîãî ïðèäàòî÷íîãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, ââåäåííîãî ñîþçîì whether)
WHICH
which — ÷òî (åñëè îòíîñèòñÿ êî âñåìó ïðåäëîæåíèþ)
which + ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå — ýòîò; ýòà; ýòî; âñå, êòî
WHILE— â òî âðåìÿ, êàê; òîãäà, êàê; õîòÿ; õîòÿ è a while — êîðîòêèé ïðîìåæóòîê âðåìåíè for a while — íà âðåìÿ be worth while — ñòîèòü
WHOLE
as a whole } }
on the whole } — â öåëîì; â îáùåì
WHO
it is... who — èìåííî
whoever — êòî áû íè; âñÿêèé, êòî; âñå, êòî
WHY
that is why — âîò ïî÷åìó
WILL
at will — ïî æåëàíèþ; ïðîèçâîëüíî
WITH
with the hope — â íàäåæäå
WITHIN— â ïðåäåëàõ
WITHOUT — áåç; íå (ïåðåä ãåðóíäèåì) without regard for — íå ó÷èòûâàÿ
it goes without saying — íå òðåáóåò äîêàçàòåëüñòâà; ñàìî ñîáîé ðàçóìååòñÿ
WORTH —ñòîÿùèé
be worth (while) — ñòîèòü
YET — îäíàêî; òåì íå ìåíåå; âñå æå; åùå as yet — äî ñèõ ïîð not yet — åùå íå