Indirect speech - раздел Биология, МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ З КУРСУ ОСНОВНИЙ КУРС Змістовий модуль 1. Біологія – наука про живі організми ІМЕНІ В.О. СУХОМЛИНСЬКОГО Indirect Speech: Statements
21. Put The Followin...
Indirect speech: statements
21. Put the following into indirect speech.
1. ‘I have something to show you,' I said to her.
2. 'Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun,' she said.
3. ‘I'm going away tomorrow, mother,' he said.
4. ‘I've been in London for a month but so far I haven't had time to visit the Tower,' said Rupert.
5. ‘It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday,' I remarked.
6. ‘'The new underpass is being officially opened the day after tomorrow, 'said the BBC announcer.
7. 'We have moved into our new flat. We don't like it nearly so much as our last one,' said my aunt.
8. 'We have a lift but very often it doesn't work,' they said.
9. 'From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Eiffel Tower,' he said.
10. ‘I've no idea what the time is but I'll dial 8081 and find out,' said his daughter.
11. He said, 'My wife has just been made a judge.'
12. ‘I'll come with you as soon as I am ready,' she replied.
13. ‘I have a German lesson this afternoon and I haven't done my homework yet,' said the small boy.
14. ‘If you let the iron get too hot you will scorch your clothes,' I warned her.
15. ‘'You haven't given me quite enough. The bill is for £14 and you've paid me only £13,' he pointed out.
16. Ann said, 'Englishmen make good husbands because they are nearly always willing to help in the house.'
17. Mary answered, ‘I like men to be useful but I don't like them to be too domesticated. I‘d prefer them to keep out of the kitchen altogether. Men look silly in aprons anyway.'
18. Motoring report: The new Rolls Royce runs so quietly that all you can hear is the ticking of the clock.
19. Managing director of the Rolls Royce company: In that case we'll have to do
20. something about the clock.
21. ‘I don't know what to do with all my plums. I suppose I'll have to make jam. The trouble is that none of us eats jam,' she said.
22. 'We like working on Sundays because we get double pay,' explained the builders.
23. He said, ‘I am quite a good cook and I do all my own washing and mending too.'
24. 'You can keep that one if you like, Joan,' he said. I've got plenty of others.'
25. ‘I'm going fishing with mother this afternoon,' said the small boy, 'and we are going into the garden now to dig for worms.' (Omit now).
26. 'You've got my umbrella,' I said crossly. 'Yours is in your bedroom.'
27. I know exactly what they said,' the private detective explained to his client, 'because I bugged their phone.'
28. ‘I'll sit up till she comes in, but I hope she won't be late,' he said.
29. ‘If you give me some wire, I'll hang that picture for you,' said my cousin.
30. ‘I have a Turkish bath occasionally, but it doesn't seem to make any difference to my weight,' she said.
31. ‘This is quite a good model, madam. I use one of these myself,' said the salesman.
32. 'My new house is supposed to be haunted, but so far I haven't seen any ghosts,' she said.
33. The advertisement said, If you answer the questions correctly you may win £100.'
34. ‘If I press my ear against the wall, I can hear what the people in the next flat are saying,' he said.
35. 'The mirror is there so that you can see yourself when you are dancing,' the instructress told him.
Indirect speech: questions
22. Put the following into indirect speech.
The first ten questions require no change of order:
He said, 'What is happening? – He asked what was happening.
You can read the last twenty questions, using one of the following prefaces:
I wonder/I'd like to know/Do you know?/Have you any idea?/Can you tell me?
He asked, ‘Where is the nearest bus stop?’ - 'Do you know where the nearest bus stop is?'
1. 'What happened to Mr Budd?' said one of the men.
2. 'Which of his sons inherited his estate?' asked another.
3. 'Who is going to live in the big house?' enquired a third.
4. 'What will happen to his racehorses?' asked someone else.
5. 'Which team has won?' asked Ann.
6. 'Which team won the previous match?' said Bill.
7. 'Who is playing next week?' he asked.
8. 'Who will be umpiring that match?' asked Tom.
9. 'Who wants a lift home?' said Ann.
10. 'Who has just dropped a £10 note?' I asked.
11. 'Where is the ticket office?' asked Mrs Jones.
12. 'What shall I do with my heavy luggage?' she said.
13. 'What platform does the train leave from?' asked Bill.
14. 'When does it arrive in York?' he asked.
15. 'When was the timetable changed?' I asked.
16. 'Why has the 2.30 train been cancelled?' said Ann.
17. 'How much does a day return to Bath cost?' Mrs Jones asked.
18. 'Why does the price go up so often?' she wondered.
19. 'How can I get from the station to the airport?' said Bill.
20. 'When are you coming back?' I asked them.
21. Is a return ticket cheaper than two singles?' said my aunt.
22. 'Do puppies travel free?' asked a dog owner.
23. 'Can I bring my dog into the compartment with me?' she asked.
24. 'Does this train stop at York?' asked Bill.
25. 'Can you telephone from inter-city trains?' said the businessman.
26. 'Does the 2.40 have a restaurant car?' he enquired.
27. 'Can you get coffee on the train?' asked my aunt.
28. 'Do they bring it round on a trolley?' she said.
29. 'Are there smoking compartments?' said the man with the pipe.
30. 'Have you reserved a seat?' I asked him.
Indirect speech: commands, requests, advice
23. Put the following into indirect speech. In most cases the person addressed must be supplied.
1. He said, 'Get out of my way.'
2. 'Climb in through the window,' he ordered.
3. 'Please pay at the desk,' said the assistant.
4. 'Open your bag, please,' said the store detective.
5. 'Don't worry about anything, Mrs Pitt,' said her lawyer. 'Leave it all to me.'
6. 'Don't use bent coins in a slot machine,' I warned him.
7. 'Follow that car,' the detective said to the taxi-driver.
8. 'Wash it in lukewarm water,' recommended the assistant.
9. 'Have confidence in me,' urged the doctor.
10. 'Take me up to the 33rd floor,' he said to the liftman.
11. 'Read the notice about life-saving equipment,' advised the air-hostess.
12. 'Always cook with butter,' said her mother, 'never use margarine.'
13. 'Don't argue with your father,' I said.
14. 'Wait for me at the bridge,' said the young man.
15. 'Don't eat too much starch,' I advised her, 'and avoid fried food.'
16. 'Don't say anything to make her angry,' said my father.
17. Notice: Please do not ask at the desk for change for telephone calls.
18. 'Don't forget to feed the goldfish,' Mary said to her brother.
19. 'Cross the line by the footbridge,' said the porter.
20. 'Write to me as often as you can,' said his wife.
21. 'Please book me a seat in a non-smoker,' said the traveller.
22. 'Don't forget your sandwiches,' said his mother.
23. 'Don't go near the water, children,' she said.
24. 'Search the house,' said the police sergeant.
25. 'Put down that gun. It's loaded,' she warned.
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a)
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3) I
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The simple past tense
3. Put the verbs in the following sentences into the simple past tense.
1. I go to work by bus.
2. I meet her on Tuesdays.
3. He always wears black.
4. I
The future simple tense
6. Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple.
1. I (know) the result in a week.
2. You (be) in Rome tonight.
3. You (be) able to drive after another five le
The present continuous tense
7. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous tense.
1. She (not work), she (swim) in the river.
2. He (teach) his boy to ride.
3. The airplane (fly) a
The simple past and the past continuous
10. Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or the past continuous tense.
1. I lit the fire at 6.00 and it (burn) brightly when Tom came in at 7.00.
2. When I arrive
The future continuous and the future simple
11. Put the verbs in brackets into the future continuous tense.
1. This time next month I (sit) on a beach.
2. When you arrive I probably (pick) fruit.
3. I'll cal
The present perfect tense
13. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect tense, and fill the spaces by repeating the auxiliary.
1. Where you (be)? ~ I (be) to the dentist.
2. You (have) brea
The present perfect and the simple past
14.Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1. This is my house. ~ How long you (live) here? ~ I (live) here since 1990.
2. He (live) in
The future perfect tense
15. Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense.
1. In a fortnight's time we (take) our exam.
2. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening.
3. By this t
The present continuous tense as a future form
16. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous tense.
1. They are going to drill for oil here. They (start) on Monday.
2. My uncle (make) a speech on Friday.
The present continuous and the future simple
19. Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous or the future simple using the present continuous where possible.
1. I am sure that I (recognize) him.
2. I (see)
Passive Voice
20. Active to passive. Put the following into the passive voice.
1. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it.
2. Previous climbers had cut steps in the
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Natural Resources
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SUMMARY
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FURTHER ACTIVITIES
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· The
Choose the correct answer. Be ready to explain your choice.
1.The factor being tested in an experiment is the A. data. B. variable. C. conclusion. D. observation.
2.A possible explanation for an event that o
УТВОРЕННЯ
Стверджувальна форма дієслова в Present Simple в усіх особах однини і множини, крім третьої особи однини, збігається з інфінітивом (неозначеною формою дієслова) без
ВЖИВАННЯ
Present Simple вживається для вираження:
1) звичайної, повторюваної дії в теперішньому часі:
Не goes to see her every day.
2) дії, яка характе
УТВОРЕННЯ
Стверджувальна форма дієслова в Past Simple в усіх особах однини та множини збігається з другою формою дієслова:
І worked
we work
ВЖИВАННЯ
Past Simple вживається для вираження:
1) одноразової або повторюваної дії в минулому. Час минулої дії часто уточнюється обставинами yesterday, last week, the o
ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН
Пасивний стан Past Simple утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Past Simple і Past Participle
УТВОРЕННЯ
Future Simple утворюється за допомогою допоміжних дієслів shallі willта інфінітива основного дієслова без частки to.Допоміжн
ВЖИВАННЯ
Future Simple вживається для вираження одноразової, постійної або повторюваної дії в майбутньому:
I'll go there with you. Я поїду туди з тобою.
I'l
УТВОРЕННЯ
1. Present Participle утворюється за допомогою закінчення -ing, яке додається до інфінітива дієслова без частки to:
to
УТВОРЕННЯ
Present Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Present Indefinite і дієприкметника теперішнього часу
ВЖИВАННЯ
Present Continuous вживається для вираження:
1) дії, що відбувається в момент мовлення:
You are not listening to me.
2) тривалої дії, що відбу
Verbs not normally used in the Continuous Tenses
Stative verbsrefer to ‘states’. A state has no beginning and no end. We don’t ‘control’ it
There are 3 cases of verbs:
· Dynamicverbs which have
УТВОРЕННЯ
Стверджувальна форма дієслова в Past Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Past Simple і дієприкме
ВЖИВАННЯ
Past Continuous вживається для вираження:
1) дії, що відбувалася, тривала в певний момент у минулому. На час дії звичайно вказують обставинні слова типу at tw
ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН
Пасивний стан Past Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Past Continuous і Past Participle
УТВОРЕННЯ
Стверджувальна форма Future Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be у Future Simple та дієприкметника
УТВОРЕННЯ
Present Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to haveу Present Simple і дієприкметника минулого часу (Past Parti
ВЖИВАННЯ
Present Perfect вживається для вираження дії, яка відбулася до моменту мовлення, і результат цієї минулої дії пов'язаний з цим моментом:
І have locked the door. Have yo
ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН
Пасивний стан Present Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Present Perfect і Past Participle
УТВОРЕННЯ
Past Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to haveв Past Simple і дієприкметника минулого часу (Past Partici
ВЖИВАННЯ
Past Perfect вживається для вираження:
1) дії, яка відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії, позначеної дієсловом у Past Simple:
І told you I had
ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН
Пасивний стан Past Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Past Perfect і Past Participle
УТВОРЕННЯ
Стверджувальна форма дієслова у Future Perfect утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to haveу Future Simple і дієприк
УТВОРЕННЯ
Present Perfect Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Present Perfect і дієприкметника теперішнього
ВЖИВАННЯ
Present Perfect Continuousвживається для вираження дії, що почалася в минулому і тривала протягом певного періоду, або все ще продовжується в цей момент, або щойно закінчилася:
УТВОРЕННЯ
Past Perfect Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be в Past Perfect і дієприкметника теперішнього часу (P
ВЖИВАННЯ
Past Perfect Continuous вживається для вираження тривалої дії, яка почалася до якогось моменту в минулому, або продовжувалася у цей момент, або закінчилася безпосередньо перед ним:
УТВОРЕННЯ
Future Perfect Continuous утворюється за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be у Future Perfect та дієприкметника теперішнього часу
ВЖИВАННЯ
Future Perfect Continuous вживається для вираження тривалої дії, яка почнеться до якогось моменту в майбутньому, або все ще триватиме в цей момент, або закінчиться безпосередньо пе
THE IMPERATIVE MOOD
Наказовий спосіб в англійській мові, як і в українській, виражає спонукання до дії, тобто прохання, наказ, пораду, запрошення, застереження тощо.
В англійській мові форма наказового способ
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
В англійській мові існує певна залежність у вживанні граматичного часу дієслова-присудка підрядної частини від граматичного часу, в якому стоїть дієслово-присудок головної частини. Це правило назив
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
При перетворенні прямої мови у непряму в англійській мові слід дотримуватися певних правил.
У непрямій мові можна передавати твердження, питання, накази та прохання.
1. Твердження
MODAL VERBS
ЗАГАЛЬНІ ВІДОМОСТІ
У сучасній англійській мові виділяють 12 дієслів, які є модальними, або ж виступають у значенні модальних: can, may, must, should, ought, sha
Загальне питання
3.1.1
Присудок + підмет + інші члени речення ?
a) Is he a student?
b) Was it a very interesting film?
THE ARTICLE
The Indefinite Article
A, an
The Definite Article
The
a table
an apple
the [ðə] table
the [ði] apple
NUMERALS
Cardinal numerals (кількісні числівники)
· Simple (прості) 1-12; 100; 1,000; 1,000,000
· Derived (похідні)
1) 13-19 – -teen
Roots
Other cases
Page twenty
Chapter five
Part two
Room three
Act one
Size forty-two
Ordinal numerals (порядкові числівник
FUTURE FORMS
will
1. The most common use of will is an auxiliary verb to show future time. It expresses a future fact or prediction.
Tomorrow will be warm and sunny.
What
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