Грамматика

1.1. Порядковые числительные (Un.1:1.4)

Упражнение 1. Образуйте порядковые числительные от следующих количественных:

6, 9, 4, 12, 21, 2, 37, 100, 253, 468, 537, 1000, 1000000.

 

1.2. Степени сравнения прилагательных (Un. 2:1.4)

Упражнение 2. Измените степень прилагательного на положительную, сравнительную или превосходную.

1. They use the money to make their business big. 2. The ecology problems are getting the most popular. 3. Doctors say that the heart gets strong after you jog regularly for a month or so. 4.When people exercise properly, they have the furest heart attacks. 5. We’ve already chosen something, but if you suggest a particular dish… . 6. We’d like something more substantial. 7.It would be good to part now. 8. I like this outfit very much. 9. I must send the most detailed letter to uncle Tom. 10. Father walks only in his garden and doesn’t want to hear anything about some long routs. 11. This is the most comfortable house.

 

1.3. Местоимения и наречия, производные от some, any, no(Un. 4:1.2)

Упражнение 3. Вставьте вместо точек some, any, no, something, anything, somebody, nothing, somewhere, anywhere, everything, everybody.

1.They don’t care about … but money. 2.There is … strange in it. 3.I telephoned to this Fitness Center last week to get … information about their services. 5.I also want to start doing … for my physical fitness. 6.It’s 10 evro. – Have you got … cheaper? 7.It’s … to do as to agree. 8.Would you like … drink? – Yes, we’d like … to drink. 9.Didn’t you want to buy … new things? 10.We can get … that we want. 11.I guess … in our class has got the book yet. 12.Help yourself to … nuts. 13.Isn’t … there, who looks after him? 14.A woman comes in the morning, does … he needs and goes home. 15.He doesn’t want to disturb … with his needs. 16.I liked her playing very much, and … enjoyed it. 17.I don’t feel quite well but I think it’s … serious.

 

1.4. Participle I (Un. 3:1.5; Un.5”1.8)

Упражнение 4.Преобразуйте предложении, употребив Participle I .

1.There are different organizations which tight environment contamination. 2.When I entered the room, I saw my friend, who was using my telephone. 3.He wasted a lot of tome when he learned to play the piano. 4.She sat an the table and wrote a letter. 5.I saw Ann, she was waiting for somebody. 6.She can’t imagine Peter who takes some medicine. 7.I looked out of the window and saw Jim who was walking down the road. 8.When we got home, we saw the children, that were sleeping in their beds. 9.Look! There is Helen, she is playing tennis. 10.Listen! That is Bill, he is jogging. 11.I left tired and went to bed at once. 12.She is in the café, she is having a drink. 13.Emma went out, she said she would be back soon.

 

1.5.Герундий(The Yerund)

Герундий- это форма глагола, оканчивающаяся на –ing и имеющая свойства как глагола, так и существительного. По форме он совпадает с причастием настоящего времени (Participle I ), по значению близок отглагольному существительному:

to incinerate – incinerating сжигать – сжигание

to cause – causing вызывать – вызывание

В отличие от существительного герундий не употребляется с артиклем и не имеет формы множественного числа. На русский язык герундий переводится как глаголом, так и существительным, а иногда – придаточным предложение:

I like working here. Я люблю работать здесь

They discussed opening a new business. Они обсуждали открытие нового бизнеса.

Thank you for finding my things. Спасибо, что нашли мои вещи.

Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения, употребляя герундий.

1. Есть фрукты и овощи хорошо для тебя. 2.Он прекратил читать письмо и начал писать ответ. 3.Говорить такие вещи не хорошо. 4. Она посоветовала ждать до завтра. 5. Нам очень понравилось посещать их. 6.Я сохраняю(keep) надежду, что он придет. 7. Она упомянула о том, что пойдет в фитнес-центр. 8.Они рекомендовали посмотреть фильм. 9.Я могу вспомнить, как встречался с ним когда был ребенком. 10.Он прекратил посещать(ходить) в бассейн, когда был болен. 11.Я не понимаю, почему он ходит в боулинг.

 

1.6. Participle II.(Un.4:1.4; Un.5:1.9)

Упражнение 6. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив Participle II.

1.Do you like the preset which your mother gave you? 2.Did you see the post-cards, which the postman brought yesterday? 3.The man, whom we often see in our fitness-centre, is a good tennis-player. 4.I gave him the book which our friends have already read. 5.A lot of people which we invited to the party a week ago, cannot come. 6.There are many countries which depend on oil imports. 7.Each client has a fitness assessment which his instructor designs for him. 8.There is a free introductory session which the Fitness Centre offers. 9.I like the shoes which we bought at this shoe department a month ago. 10.We took the purchases that the sales-girl wrapped up. 11.After I decided on a small salad and fried fish, I didn’t want anything else. 12.It would go well with my new high-heeled shoes and the necklace which my husband gave me.

 

1.7. Present Perfect Tense (Un.4:1.4;Un.8:1.5;Un.9:1.6)

В тех случаях, когда Present Perfect выражает результат он обычно переводится глагольными формами совершенного вида:

The scientists have proved that one millionth… Ученые доказали ….

Упражнение 7. Поставьте данные в скобках глаголы в Present Perfect. Переведите предложения.

1.I (learn) all the rules. 2.My mother(do) all her shopping. 3.My friend(visit) many towns. 4.Our friends(buy) a new car. 5.He(send) her some red roses. 6.I (improve) my English. 7.She(clean) the house. 8. She(answer) my questions. 9.It(stop) raining.10.They(have) dinner. 11.The girl(come) from school. 12.What(write) you? 13.Who(bring) you the magazines? 14.He(make) this starting-box. 15.I(tell) him everything. 16.Wo(boil) the eggs? 17.This method(become) popular. 18.The new treatment(not help) me. 19.He (take) the children to school. 20.They(discussed) all the problems.

 

1.8.Страдательный залог(The Passive Voice). Настоящее неопределенное время(The Present Indefinite Tense )

В отличие от действительного залога(Active Voice), где объект действия является дополнением, в страдательном залоге объект действия является подлежащим.

Настоящее неопределенное время(Present Indefinite) страдательного залога образуется от глагола to be в соответствующем лице и числе + причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II) смыслового глагола.

 

be+ Participle II

70% of cance is caused by industrial pollution.

На русский язык страдательный залог чаще всего переводится глаголами, оканчивающимися на –ся. Лицо, совершающее действие, выражаемое в английском языке предлогом by, переводится на русский язык творительным падежом. Часто носитель действия в страдательном залоге не употребляется, так как неизвестен или неважен:

Is this room cleaned everyday?

Упражнение 8. Измените залоговую форму: вместо Present Indefinite Active употребите Present Indefinite Passive.

1.People don’t use this road very often. 2.People advised us not to out alone. 3.Mary helps the boy. 4.Tom opens the door. 5.They discuss these questions after work. 6.Secretaries usually write business letters . 7.Department stores sell different ready-made clothes. 8.The waiters serve breakfast from eight to eleven. 9.They till out the application forms. 10.The specialists often find defect while testing.

Упражнение 9. Поставьте глаголы данные в скобках в Present Indefinite Passive.

1.Cheese(make) from milk. 2.I(invite) to parties. 3.He(ask) about it. 4.The child(look after). 5.I(meet) by my friend. 6.We(give) good advice. 7.They(look at). 8.You(tell) about it. 9.Such clothes(buy) everywhere. 10.Such books(read) with great interest. 11. The presents(unpack). 12.The newspaper(return) at once. 13.This equipment(import) by our company. 14.These exercises(do) every day. 15.Mr. Lewis(want) on the phone. 16. I(show) everything I want.

 

1.9. Инфинитив как часть сказуемого.

Инфинитив как часть сказуемого может употребляться в роли предикатива:

The only way out is to improve conventional technological processes. Единственный выход – совершенствовать обычные технологические процессы.

Упражнение 10. Переведите, употребляя инфинитив в роли предикатива.

1.Лучшее упражнение – бегать по утрам. 2.Самый счастливый момент в день рождения – задуть свечи на торте. 3.Предпочтения людей в наше время – посылать электронные сообщения или звонить друг другу. 4.Желание Майкла – получить вкусную добавку к приятному началу дня рождения его сестры. 5.Ее единственное лечение – оставаться в постели, пить горячий чай с медом и принимать лекарство. 6.Обязанность Гарри – отводить детей в школу.

 

1.10. Общие вопросы(Un.2:1.10)

Упражнение 11.Поставьте к предложениям общие вопросы и ответьте на них.

1.There is another oil spill off the Baltic Sea coast. 2.we haven’t got the technology to transport oil any other way. 3.Oil spills from tankers are a serious thereat to the environment. 4.Oil spills from tankers kill birds and fish and destroy the beaches. 5.It doesn’t happen often. 6.Our country depends on oil imports. 7. Even plastics come from oil. 8. The big companies are destroying the environment. 9. They don’t care about anything. 10.The oil companies make big profit. 11.They use money to get more oil. 12.You are engaged with this problem. 13.The paper depressed you so much. 14.The article hits out at companies and the big oil ones in particular.

 

1.11. Специальные вопросы(Un. 3:1.9)

Упражнение 12. Поставьте к предложениям специальные вопросы и ответьте на них.

1.The article hits out at companies, whose activity often results in industrial pollution. 2.It is amazing that these companies make both the chemicals that create cancer and the medicines that treat it. 3.Ecology problems are getting more and more popular nowadays. 4.Different organizations fighting environment contamination are growing as fast as mushrooms. 5.I mean the chemicals which are not deliberately manufactured in production of paper, textile, plastics, perfume, food, many other products and even while incinerating municipal garbage. 6.The scientists have proved that one millionth part of a milligram of dioxin found as an airborne contaminant is capable of causing cancer. 7.The dioxin made by a paper mill in a small town of Sweden can end in the ice cream eaten by residents of Helsinki. 8.The dioxin emitted by municipal waste incinerator in St.Petersburg can get, into the hamburger bought in Amsterdam. 9.The only way out is to improve conventional technological processes and change our attitude to the environment.