1.Innovation is the result of activity which provides quality growth of the efficiency of the production process or products claimed by a market. It is the end-point of intellectual activity of man, his fantasy, creative process, openings, inventions and rationalizations.
In accordance with international documents (standards) innovation is determined as the end-point of innovative activity, resulted in a new or improved product, which is used at the market, new or improved technological process, in-use in practical activity, in the new forms of organization structure or in the new social services .
2. The classification signs of innovations:
- orientation (technological, goods, organizational);
- importance(base, improvement);
- sphere of use (local, regional, state, international).
The kernel of innovations is the technological innovation which today is a new form of integration of t. in the production process of the enterprise and occupies all spheres of its activity.
An innovative process (IP) is a process of transformation of scientific knowledges in an innovation. It is the chain of the stages when the inn. rises from an idea to the concrete products, technologies or services and spread at the practical use.
The beginning stages of this process are fundamental or applied scientific researches or sometimes the analysis of patents, inventions, publications. The finishing stages of innovative process in the conditions of market are marketing and sale of production.
3. T. is the aggrigate of science and production (not only territorial but virtual).
The basic idea of t.p. is commercialization of the results of scientific researches of universities, academy and other research centers the scientific products of which can be taken to the production structures by innovative procedures with the exit to the market .