ooa cooo pya. - , . M. e oo...
|
. M. e
ooa
Cooo
pya
e yo
Peoeoao Mcepco
oeo poeccoaoo opaoa
Poccco eepa aece yea
cyeo cx yex aee,
oyaxc o ooec ceaoc
aeca pya HOPMAHPA
M ca, 1999
K 65.9(2)24
27
Cee o aope:
opc Mxao e oop ooecx ay, poeccop, aey aepo Ca-eepypco ocyapceo eeo-ooeco aae. Aop oee 130 eax pao, ce 7 oopa . Bcya a eyapox oepex Pocc epa. Ocoe aye papao .. ea ca c oae pyox poecco op pya, eope eoa oa, opaae, apaoo a, poea aeca , eoc opeca, eaoo.
e . M. ooa cooo pya. e y. .: ca pya HPMA , 1999. 384 .
ISBN 5-89122-278 ()
ISBN 5-86225-876-0 ( - )
e oooe cooec c pepo popao c "ooa cooo pya", yepeo eo-eoec oeee oac pooceoo eeea. o ep ye o yaao ce, peoeoa Mcepco oeo poeccoaoo opaoa Poccco eepa cyeo ooecx ceaoce yo.
Aop cxo o, oope c ocoooaa a oo, a cooo pya. K a o pee ceo oocc: aeco , opeoc oea eoea, eoc, o, yco pya, cpaeoc, pacpeeee . aeoe eco oeeo oe poe oa pyox poecco op pya.
B yee cooa peya pao, pooxc aopo p acoo oepe oa Copoca Pocccoro oa yaeax cceoa.
cyeo, acpa peoaaee ooecx yo ayeo, ceaeo o ypae pep.
ISBN 5-89123-278-2 (HOPMA) . M. e,1997
ISBN 5-86225-876-0 (HPA M) aeca pya HOPMAHPA M, 1997
pecoe
e oooe a ocoe ppo popa "ooa cooo pya", yepeo eo-eoec oeee o opaoa oac pooceoo eeea.
K acoey pee coc a oxoa peoaa yaao c, O eop peoa paeoe oee poe oo pya cooo pya; pye ac a opaece aoc x poe. M oaae, o opo oxo oee oocoa eopeec eooecl.
1 B yee cooa peya pao, pooxc aopo p acoo oepe oa Copoca (Research Support Scheme, grant 963/93) Pocccoo oa yaeax cceoa (rpa 96-06-80235 pa 98-06-80167).
Aop cpec cxo o, oope c ocoooaa a oo, a cooo pya. K a o pee ceo oocc: aeco , opeoc, oea eoea, eoc, o, cpaeoc, yco pya, pacpeeee oxoo.
Ceceoe ae yeeo ec, ooec yxo acea eeoc eoea. o pecaec eoxo c c po eca eax ee pa a. To, o e poca pecyoc pax cpaax 23 paa oepea e ooecoo poca 34 paa e poca acee, aeo epe cao c ococy a ooecoo oee. ece ace xoceo eeoc ocoeo aya copeeo Pocc.
p aae aopo eoc pya oepaec, o ae x ec opec oea eoea, pep oeca. o yepee copypoao ope eope o peaeoc ooe pya. Paccope yco, opeee paoaoe cooae oeaa eoea.
e peaae epy oepe ooo ceaco o ypae pep. ooy e aeoe eco oeeo oe poe opaa oppoa pya, o ce oa pyox poecco op pya.
B paoe a yeo cyeceo oo ya oeeceo apyeo epaype, aea peoe oe, o ce yaco oepe ceapo poea pya, pooxc p yac o pyooco aopa Moce, Ca-eepype, Caape, Xeo pyx ropoax CH. Ocoe e yea ocyac a epa: opaa cxoo pya (ep), a aepe opaa ypae oo pya epca cyca xa (cce), a Bocx opyax 1995 1997 ., pooxc Texec yepceo Xe-ay.
Aop aoape co oera yo Pocc ep: o. o. ay, po, H. . Apxoo, o. o. ay, po. . A. Koooo, o. o. ay, po. . M. Kypoeo, o. ex. ay, . . H. Ho, o. o. ay, po. M. . yxaoy, o. o. ay, po. . A. Bay, o. o. ay, po. . . Beceoy, ac. e. ay P, o. o. ay,. A. H. opeoy, . . ay,. K. T. ypaaey, o. o. ay, po. A. . Kaoy, . .. Koeoy, o. o. ay, po. . . Oeoy, ac. e. ay P, o. o. ay, po. . . epoeo, o. ay, po. . M. Cpoy, o. o. ay, po. . M. Coay, po. B. A. eoy, po., . B. Stieler-Lorenz, po., o. G. Diethelm, po., o. K. Jacob, po., o. D. Hahn, po., o. W. Krűger, po., o. R. Lang, po., o. R. Marr.
C aoapoc oeae, o paoe a yeo oe ooa oepa peopaa, aep ypae pyo coa poecca, oe opaoo-ceoo epa Ca-eepypco ocyapceo eepo-ooeco aae.
p oope aepaa orooe pyoc ea ay po cpa aea peoe o. o. ay, po. P.. Koocoo (Mococ rocyapce yepce), ac. e. ay P, o. o. ay. po, A. A. Pyea (cy coao-ooecx poe PAH), peaopa T. . Xapaoo. Ap paee copya aeca a oy paoy.
Ooe nomu
.
Topeco.
poecc .
oye pyy.
eoeece pecypc oeca .
Koec oxo ypae eoeec pecypca.
poe ay o pye .
Ke ycoo pa.
Meaeop.
Meaooa.
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau
1. Kae ace opaae oe "py"?
2. B e cyoc opeca?
3. Opeee aoc o "py" "opeco".
4. Kaoa cyoc poecca pya?
5. Haoe ocoe eeoc o ypae eoeec pecypca ece a pep.
6. Opeee cyoc coepae oecoro oxoa ypae eoeec pecypca.
aa 2. Kaeco
Kaecmo uu xapamepuyemc cmene yoemopeu nompeocme eoea, onpeeeo no omoeu coomemcny opa, oa u mpauu, a mae no omoeu ypo ux .
aaa apoa aeca coyec p oaaee (coax aopo), oope opaa a oee xapaepc (opeee aepax a, pooeoc , ccea opaoa p.), a cyeoe ocpe yco cyeoa. B poo epaype apy c oe aeca (quality of life QOL) coyec ae ep "cyeoe aoye" (subjective well-being SWB).
Ooceoc oeo aeca cppye cey . oca epoecx aepacx paox aea cyepapea, oaaeo cocoe ecoo oo oapo, aec peeo ea. Oao paocax ycx oaxo oro eoea pecaec pae eaooyo.
Aepac cxoo ceac o ea P. Aep (Pa ac) ocae pa e o aece cey opao: "B xpae oeo ypy aax o a oe poca. ca a oce, yac epa, e o pa e, ce, aca oo ya y1. Oa, c a, po ca ypaa "a", o oeoex aepacx eax, oopy a oa-o. o a ecoo oopa, oaax x . co oo ocae oeoeoo: "Bec e cy oae, a oce, oc epa e o pa e" e ca o oaa yac eo ax yx ycox. ocope a co cocey : opooo pa ae e yco p o aco pea cae" [Pa ac. C. 60].
1 xaaa-a cea a ya.
Ta opao, pae ocpa o e e yco cyecoa opaoy. p x pa, oeo cee, opeec pa oae cca ee.
Ocoe nomu
Kaeco .
Kaeco pyoo .
Oee cyee oe aeca .
e eeoc eoea.
aa poecco pa .
ec pa eoeeco .
aa 3. opeoc oea eoea
Kooe pyooo oeaa
Kooe pyoo oeaa
Ocoe nomu
ope .
epapx opeoce.
o .
opeoc oce ee .
po yoeope opeoce.
pa opeoce.
Paoa .
eoeec aa.
Tpyoo .
.
Baoc opeoce oeaa eoea cxee ooecoo .
aa 4. eoc pya
Ocoe nomu
Kooe eeoc eoea,
ά-py.
β-py.
eoc pya.
poyoc pya.
Peaeoc pya.
Teopea o peaeoc ooe pya.
Koe eoc pya.
Teop eoeecoo aaa.
eoc ec eoeec aa.
aa 5. Moa
aa 6. Ocoe o opaa pya
Kacca pyox poecco
co pya
Paoee eco.
Meo oppoa pya.
7. cceoae pyox poecco apa paoeo pee
Oa xapaepca eoo cceoa
Taua 7.3.2
oopa paoeo pee eoo
aa 8. Hopae aepa opaa oppoa pya
Ocoe nomu
B opao oppoa pya.
epapx opao.
poea eca .
Cooc opao.
.
Hopaa acoc.
Meo ycaoe opax acoce.
aa 9. Oa pyox poecco ceoc epcoaa
Cpyypa op pee oceoaeoc
aa 10. Pacpeeee oxoo oaa pya
oa ap caa (oaa)
aa 11. Ocoeoc opaa oa pya poeoc
aa 12. Ocoeoc opaa oa pya ayo-cceoaecx opaax
Pacpeeee accroa a cceoa
Ocoe nomu
Moa o peyay caycy aye.
B ayx .
oaae peyaoc poyoc pya yex.
pa a poeee .
Meo ya oe ayx peyao.
Cpyypa oxoa ayoo copya.
Ceea oepa yex.
Kompoe opoc u me ucceoau
1. Kao aoc ay oea?
2. Haoe op oa pya aye.
3. Ka opaoa oypc ao a poeee ayx cceoa?
4. Ka oe peyaoc ayoo eopya?
5. Ka opraoaa ceea oepa yex ayx opaa?
6. Ka oe aeco ayoo copya?
7. Ka oe paoaoc cpyyp oxoa ayoo copya?
aa 14. Cce ypae eoeec pecypca
Po pya ypaee aoc
paee ao
p coepecoa ypae
eoeec pecypca pep
Cyoc peopaoa ypae
opc Mxao e
pecoe....................................................................................................................................... 3
aa 1. pee eooo pca.......................................................................... 5
1.1. o "p" "opeco"..................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Oa xapaepca eeoc o pae eoeec pecpca ooecx cce...................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3. ............................................................................................ 9
1.4. Meooo oecoo cceoa ooecx coax poe pa 13
Ooe nomu.............................................................................................................................. 14
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau................................................................................. 15
aa 2. Kaeco .......................................................................................................... 15
2.1. oe aeca .............................................................................................................. 15
2.2. e eeoc eoea...................................................................................................... 16
2.3. aa poecco pa a........................................................................... 21
2.4. o pecae o oaaex aeca .................................................... 26
Ocoe nomu.............................................................................................................................. 29
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau................................................................................. 29
aa 3. opeoc oea eoea.......................................................... 29
3.1. Cppa opeoce eoea............................................................................................ 29
3.2. Tpoo oea...................................................................................................................... 33
3.2.1. o "paoa ca", "eoeec aa", "pyoo oea"..................... 33
3.2.2. Kooe pooo oeaa....................................................................................... 34
opoe............................................................................................................................................... 34
Hpacmeocm................................................................................................................................. 38
Topecu nomeua....................................................................................................................... 43
Amuocm........................................................................................................................................ 44
Opauoaocm.............................................................................................................................. 46
Opaoaue........................................................................................................................................ 46
poeccuou............................................................................................................................... 47
Pecypc paoeo peu................................................................................................................. 48
3.3. peoc peaa oeaa eoea.................................................................... 48
3.4. Kooe poo oeaa.......................................................................................... 49
ccee aopo aeca ................................................................................................. 49
3.5. opeoc oea eoea poo ooe............................................... 52
Ocoe nomu.............................................................................................................................. 53
ompoe onpoc u me ucceoau................................................................................. 53
aa 4. eoc pya............................................................................................ 53
4.1. Tpoo oea ccee ooecx pecpco................................................... 53
4.2. Kooe eeoc eoea........................................................................................ 54
4.3. oaae eoc: pooc peaeoc pya.............................. 56
4.4. Teopea o peaeoc ooe pa........................................................................... 61
4.5. Koe eoc pa............................................................................................... 62
4.6. eoc ec eoeec aa1.......................................................... 65
Ocoe nomu.............................................................................................................................. 66
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau................................................................................. 67
aa 5. Moa...................................................................................................................... 67
5.1. Cppa cce oa..................................................................................................... 67
5.2. Mo eeoc eoea................................................................................................. 69
5.3. Mapa "ecpeca"............................................................................................................ 71
Opepooe ae ap "ecpeca" Pocc 90-x oo......................... 73
5.4. Teop oa......................................................................................................................... 73
5.5. Moa c pae.................................................................................................. 74
5.6. paa cxea cpoa eo pooceo eeoc.......... 75
Oco nomu.............................................................................................................................. 76
Kopoe onpoc u me ucceoau............................................................................... 76
aa 6. Ocoe o opaa pa.................................................... 77
6.1. B pa paee pa.............................................................................................. 77
6.2. pooce, exooec poo poecc............................................... 78
Kacca exoorecx poecco.................................................................................... 80
Kacca pyox poecco................................................................................................ 80
6.3. co pya................................................................................................................................. 81
6.4. Paoee eco................................................................................................................................ 82
Cpyypa pooceo oepa......................................................................................... 82
6.5. Kacca apa paoeo pee................................................................................ 85
6.6. Ccea op opao pa............................................................................................. 88
6.7. Cppa aa oa pox poecco op pa....................................... 94
6.8. Meo oppoa pa....................................................................................................... 96
Ocoe nomu.............................................................................................................................. 97
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau................................................................................. 98
7. cceoae pox poecco apa paoeo pee 98
7.1. Oa xapaepca eoo cceoa...................................................................... 98
pox poecco apa paoeo pee............................................................................ 98
7.2. Xpooepa................................................................................................................................ 100
7.3. oopa paoeo pee................................................................................................. 104
.............................................................................................................................. 105
7.4. oopa paoeo pee eoo................................................................................. 107
oex ae.................................................................................................................... 107
Ocoe nomu............................................................................................................................ 110
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau............................................................................... 110
aa 8. Hopae aepa opaa oppoa pa 111
8.1. Cppa opao................................................................................................................ 111
8.2. Tpeoa opaa ocoe a x papao............................................... 114
8.3. Meo caoe opax acoce............................................................. 115
8.4. epepoae ypyee opa1................................................................ 119
Ocoe nomu............................................................................................................................ 123
Kopoe opoc u me ucceoau............................................................................... 123
aa 9. Oa pox poecco ceoc epcoaa 124
9.1. Cppa op pee oceoaeoc.................................................................. 124
poepoa pox poecco............................................................................................ 124
9.2. poepoae pox peo......................................................................................... 127
9.3. pae cxe opeee ceoc epcoaa........................................ 129
9.4. Cppa aa oa op ocya ceoc.................................. 131
9.5. Oa aaa oa paee pa ceoc epcoaa....................... 133
9.6. Meo oa paee pa ceoc epcoaa poocex cceax................................................................................................................................................................ 136
9.6.1. ece poecc........................................................................................................... 136
9.6.2. Heece poecc....................................................................................................... 139
9.6.3. Mooae cce (eoa oa paee pya o ocya oopyoa).................................................................................................................................... 141
Ocoe nomu............................................................................................................................ 143
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoa............................................................................... 143
aa 10. Pacpeeee oxoo oaa pa.............................................. 144
10.1. p oppoa oxoo poo ooe.............................................. 144
10.2. Cacec aa pacpeee oxoo................................................................ 147
10.3. Cppa oxoa copa pep......................................................................... 153
10.4. op cce apaoo a..................................................................................... 158
10.5. apoae oo oa pa...................................................................................... 159
Ocoe nomu............................................................................................................................ 161
Kopoe onpoc u me ucceoau............................................................................. 162
aa 11. Ocoeoc opaa oa pa poeoc 162
11.1. Moocaooe ocae............................................................................................ 162
11.2. Aapape pooca.................................................................................................... 164
11.3. Aoapoae pooca....................................................................................... 168
11.4. Cce ocya oopoa paox ec..................................................... 173
11.5. paee pooco..................................................................................................... 178
Ocoe nomu............................................................................................................................ 181
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau............................................................................... 181
aa 12. Ocoeoc opaa oa pa ao-cceoaecx opaax.............................................................................. 182
12.1. Ocoeoc aeax cceoa.................................................................. 182
12.2. Ocoe op oa pa ae.......................................................................... 183
12.3. Cxe ceeo oep ex Pocc.............................................................. 185
12.4. Meo oe peaoc pa ex................................................................. 186
12.5. poep cep, pecpa a ax peao................... 188
12.6. Oocoae o ex cooec co ceo ao pao........ 190
12.7. Opaa ceeo oep ex peoax ao-cceoaecx opaax....................................................................................................................................... 190
Ocoe nomu............................................................................................................................ 191
Kompoe opoc u me ucceoau............................................................................... 191
aa 13. Coao-poe ooe............................................................. 191
13.1. Oa xapaepca coao-pox ooe1............................................... 191
13.2. poea oe.............................................................................................................. 194
13.3. Teopeece oco peoc coaoro apepca................................. 196
13.5. poe eaoo oee a pepx......................................................... 199
Ocoe nomu............................................................................................................................ 200
Kompoe onpoc u me ucceoau.............................................................................. 201
aa 14. Cce pae eoeec pecpca...................... 201
14.1. Cppa cce pae eoeec pecpca............................................ 201
14.2. Po pa paee aoc................................................................................. 204
14.2.1. Ocoe xapaepc pa pya......................................................................... 204
14.2.2. epaoa2........................................................................................................................ 205
14.2.3. paee aoc...................................................................................................... 206
14.3. paee ao............................................................................................................ 210
pooc apaoo a a pep................................................................. 210
14.4. p coepecoa pae........................................................................ 212
eoeec pecpca pep................................................................ 212
14.4.1. B opaaox peopaoa............................................................................ 212
14.4.2. Cyoc peopaoa ypae........................................................................... 214
eoeec pecypca pep......................................................................................... 214
Ocoe nomu............................................................................................................................ 217
opoe onpoc u me ucceoau............................................................................... 217
epaypa...................................................................................................................................... 217
......................................................................................................................................... 223