Have to - раздел Экономика, English for Economics: Учебное пособие для студентов экономических специальностей вузов 1. Необходимость Выполнения Действия В Силу Сложившихся Обстоятельств (Вынужд...
1. Необходимость выполнения действия в силу сложившихся обстоятельств (вынужденность).
Have to + неперфектный инфинитив.
The contract has to be revised.
Придется контракт пересмотреть
(ничего не остается делать, как…;
надо…; необходимо…; вынуждены).
В этом же значении часто употребляются сочетания: have got + неперфектный инфинитив, got + неперфектный инфинитив.
The agreement has got to be approved.
Соглашение еще необходимо
одобрить.
Кроме того, модальный глагол have to может использоваться и для выражения «достаточности».
You have to look at the current prices to see the present trend in the monetary supply.
Достаточно посмотреть на современные цены, чтобы стала ясна ситуация с выпуском денег в обращение.
Part I. Texts on Economics
The Science of Economics
Microeconomics and Microeconomics
The Future of Economics
Economic Systems: Two Important Distinctions
Labour
Unemployment
THE SCIENCE OF ECONOMICS
Economics, like physics or meteorology, is a science to the extent that it comprises a set of analytical principles that work with consistent regularity. Unlike the so-called natura
Factors Affecting the Demand of Households.
a) The Tastes of the Households. Every family is different, and even members of the same family have different preferences. We may demand goods because they satisfy innate wants; or because they ar
Factors Affecting Supply.
a) The Price of the Commodity.
The price of the commodity affects the prospect of profitability of an enterprise. Every entrepreneur is assumed in economics to be engaged in production in
MARKETS AND MONOPOLIES
A monopoly is a situation where there is a single seller in the market. In conventional economic analysis, a monopoly is taken as the polar opposite of perfect competition. By defin
CENTRAL BANKING: AN OVERVIEW
A major sector of any modern monetary system is the central banking system, which is important to the functioning of the private economy and the fiscal operations of the national go
MARKET RESEARCH
Businesses need information if they are to make good decisions. One way of gaining that information is by carrying out market research. There are various types of market research. B
MARKETING
The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizationa
CONSUMER CHOICE
Economics is about scarcity, about social situations, which require that choices be made. The theory of consumer behavior deals with the way in which scarcity impinges upon the indi
ALTERNATIVE MARKET STRUCTURES
I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of
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