Грамматика

Упражнение 2. Вставьте вместо точек there is/was или it is/was.

1. We couldn’t have dinner at this café. … a lot of people. 2. What is the new department store like? … … good? 3. … … a school near here? – Yes, … … one not far from here. 4. I couldn’t see anything. … … completely dark. 5. How far … … from St. Petersburg to Moscow? 6. … … Emily’s birthday yesterday. We had a party. 7. I wanted to visit my friends but … … too little time. 8. … … time to go? – Yes, … … already 11 o’clock. 9. … … nothing on television, so I’m reading a book. 10. … … two men at the door. What do they wont? 11. … … any potatoes? – Yes, … … some. 12. I’m afraid … … time to see your Granny.

· One употребляется после местоимений that, this, which, another, the other:

Here are two apples. Which one would you like?

I don’t like this dress. Show me another one.

· После these и those не употребляется ones:

I like these shoes, and I don’t like those.

· One употребляется после слов the first (the second, the third …), the last, the next:

- Did you like the first game?

- No, I liked the last one.

· One не употребляется после притяжательных местоимений. В этом случае употребляется абсолютная форма местоимений (mine, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs):

This is not my dessert, it is hers.

· One не может употребляться после существительных в притяжательном падеже:

My pen is not very good. Take Michael’s.

· Для замены упомянутого ранее исчисляемого существительного во множественном числе или неисчисляемого существительного употребляется местоимение some в утвердительных предложениях и any – в отрицательных.

- Take some nuts.

- No, thank you. I’ve got some.

- Give me some juice, please.

- Sorry, I haven’t got any.

Упражнение 3. Вставьте вместо точек неопределенное местоимение one/ones там, где нужно.

1. What pens do you need? - I need a red ... and two blue ... . 2. I don’t like this dress. Can you show me another ... ? 3. This book is more interesting than the ... you gave me last week. 4. Could you give me some apples? -I haven’t got any ... . 5. Don’t buy the postcards, we have some nice ... at home. 6. These are light rooms, and those are dark ... . 7. Which car shall we take? - Mine ... . 8. I like this sonata by Shubert better than the other ... . 9. Would you like some coffee? -Yes, I have some ... . 10. Have you got any umbrellas? Shaw me the brown ... , please. 11. There aren’t any plums here, but there may be some ... in the kitchen. 12. The film is more interesting than the ... we saw the day before yesterday. 13. Take some magazines. - No, thank you. I have got some ... . 14. These ties are too light, I want dark ... . 15 This is not my belt, it is his ... .16. My camera is not very good. Take Emily’s. 17. Where are the newspapers? -What newspapers? -The ... I brought yesterday.

Упражнение 4. Употребите вместо точек глаголы may или can с инфинитивом данным в скобках.

1. I’m hungry. - But you’ve just had lunch. You ... not be hungry. 2. Where is she? -I’m not sure. She ... be at home. 3. ... I use your computer? - Yes, you ... but not for a long time. 4. ... I open the window? -I’m afraid not. 5. He’ like to come tomorrow, if you have time for him. - Yes, he ... come, I ... afford it. 6. What about the concert tomorrow? - Yes we ... do it. 7. Does he learn English?- Yes, I think he ... already talk English quite well.8. The weather is not very nice today. It ... rain. 9. It is raining. We ... not walk in such weather. 10. are you hot? I ... bring you some juice.

1.5. Present Indefinite (Un. 1:2.7) Present Continuous (Un. 3:2.5)

Упражнение 5. Употребите данные в скобках глаголы в Present Indefinite или в Present Continuous.

1. Who (play) the piano? - My aunt , when she has time. 2. Who (play) the piano in that room? -My sister. She’s got a concert tomorrow. What (she play) ? - I think it’s something by Mozart.3. Your daughter is very fond of sport, isn’t she? - Yes, she (play) tennis. Where is she now? She (play) tennis, as usual. 4. Could I use your phone? -I’m afraid it (not work) at the moment. 5. What about the weather here? -It often (rain) in summer here. 6. Let’s go out. It (not rain) now. 7. How is your English? - Not bad. It (improve). 8. John is in London at the moment. He (stay) at the Park Hotel. He always (stay) there when he is in London.9. What you father (do)? - He’s a doctor but I (not enjoy) this one very much. 10. Usually I(enjoy) parties but I(not enjoy) this one very much. 11. Look! That man (try) to open the door of your car? 12. Can you hear these people? What they(talk) about? 13. I must go now. It (get) late. 14. I usually (go) to work by car. 15. What you (do) ? I’m (go) to bed now. Goodnight!

1.6. Past Indefinite (Un. 2:2.6) Past Continuous (Un. 3:2.6)

Упражнение 6. Употребите данные в скобках глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

1. I saw Jane yesterday but she (not see) me. She (look) the other way. 2. She (wait) for her husband when he (come) home. 3. What you (do) this time yesterday? -I (sleep). 4. Was Ann at the party last night? - Yes, she (wear) a really nice dress. 5. John (take) a picture of me when i (play) tennis. 6. The doorbell (ring) when i (clean) the house. 7. At 8 o’clock yesterday I (have dinner) with some friends. 8. I (walk) home when I (saw) Tom. 9. This time last Wednesday I (enjoy) the concert. 10 They (write) some letters from nine till eleven. 11. When they (walk) in the garden I (read) a newspaper. 12. When they (return home). The children (sleep) yet.

1.7 Past Indefinite (Un. 2:2.8) Present Perfekt (Un. 4:2.4)

Упражнение 7. Употребите данные в скобках глаголы в Past Indefinite или в Present Perfekt.

1. He (be) to London three times this year. 2. He (go) to London three times last year. 3. I (play) a lot of tennis this year. 4. How many cups of coffee (you drink) today? 5. In those days, he (come) to stay with us most Sundays. 6. Would you believe I (make) twenty three phone calls today? 7. How long (you live) here? 8. The weather (be) nice yesterday. 9. (You see) Ann this afternoon? 10. (You see) Ann on Wednesday? 11. I (buy) a car. Do you want to see it? 12. I (buy) a car last week. 13. Where (be) you yesterday afternoon?

Будущее продолженное время образуется с помощью вспомогательного глаголаto be в будущнм времени и причастия I (Participle I) смыслового глагола.

I’ll be wearing them (shoes) for a long time.

Я буду носить их долго.

Будущее продолженное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое будет происходить в определенный момент в будущем.Этот момент может быть выражен :

· обстоятельством времени с точным его указанием: at nine o’clock, (at) that moment, (at) this time tomorrow:

We’ll be trying on the shoes at that moment.

· Обстоятельством времени, которое означает, что действие будет проходить в определенном отрезке времени, хотя и не будет протекать непрерывно: all day long, the whole morning, from nine till two:

We won’t be shopping all day long.

· Другим действием в будущем, выраженным глаголом в настоящем времени группы Indefinite в придаточном предложении времени или условия:

They will be sleeping when I come home.

Упражнение 8. Поставьте к предложениям общие вопросы и дайте на них отрицательные ответы.

1. From ten to eleven they will be playing tennis. 2. He will be working the whole day. 3. She’ll be writing a leter this time tomorrow. 4. I’ll be reading when you call me up. 5. The children will be going to school at 9 o’clock tomorrow. 6. We’ll be having breakfast at this moment.

Упражнение 9. Поставьте к предложениям специальные вопросы.

1. I’ll be playing the piano this time tomorrow. 2. She’ll be having her birthday party a 7 o’clock. 3. They’ll be taking pictures from 10 till 11. 4. I’ll be waiting at the entrance at 9 o ‘clock. 5. She will be cleaning the house all day long. 6. She will be opening her parcels at that time.

Упражнение 10. Продолжите предложения в Future Continuous.

1. When Jane comes … . 2. When he comes to see his father … . 3. When they call us up … .4. If you write me a card … . 5. If I use my usual treatment … . 6. When the postman brings the birthday cards … .

Оно употребляется для обозначения действия которое завершится до какого –то определенного момента в будующем. Этот момент может быть выражен :

· различными обозначениями времени с предлогом by: by six o’clock, by Saturday, by the nineteenth of October, by the end of the year, by the time you come:

That sounds very nice but we’ll have starved by then.

· другим действием, относящемся к будущему и выраженным глаголом в настоящем неопределенном времени:

They will have had dinner when you come.

· если глагол выражает не действие, а состояние, то вместо Future Perfect употребляется Future Indefenite:

By 8 o’clock everybody will be tired.

Упражнение 11. Ответьте на вопросы, используя будущее совершенное время, по образцу: When will you do the work? – I’ll have done it by next Wednesday.

1. When will they go to the seaside? 2. When will you buy a new outfit? 3. When will he abandon this awful habit? 4. When will she open her presents? 5. Whenshall we go to France? 6. When will they have breakfast? 7. When will you write a pastkard to your uncle?

Упражнение 12. Переведите предложения, употребляя Future Perfect.

1. К 8 часам дети уйдут в школу. 2. Мы прочтем несколько английских книг к концу года. 3. К этому времени его сын станет программистом. 4. Она закончит уборку дома до того, как мы вернемся. 5.Они все купят к этому времени. 6. Мы выпьем кофе прежде чем дети придут из школы. 7. Я позавтракаю, прежде чем помою посуду, заправлю кровати и приберу в доме. 8. Он сделает (изготовит) разделочную доску, скворечник и полку, прежде чем он сделает маленькую скамеечку(табуретку) для своего дедушки. 9. Около 9 часов вся семья придет, чтобы сказать Эмили: “С Днем Рождения, желаем долгих лет жизни!” 10. Эмили распакует мамин подарок, прежде чем будет распаковывать другие пакеты. 11. Эмили получит в подарок фотоаппарат, прежде чем поедет во Францию. 12 Почтальон принесет письма и поздравительные открытки около 8 часов.

Расчлененные вопросы состоят из двух частей. Первая часть является утвердительным или отрицательным предложением, а вторая содержит краткий, так называемый «хвостовой» вопрос, который требует подтверждения или отрицания мысли первого предложения. Если предложение утвердительное, то глагол «хвостового» вопроса имеет отрицательную форму, и наоборот, если предложение отрицательное, то глагол «хвостового» вопроса имеет утвердительную форму.

We’d like something more substantial, wouldn’t we? – Yes, we would like something substantial; No, we wouldn’t. We wouldn’t like anything substantial. The shoes look smart, don’t they? The shoes won’t street with warning, will they?

We are taking them (the shoes), aren’t we?

You have tried it (the dress) on, haven’t you?

You haven’t got the proper shoes, have you?

Упражнение 15. Добавьте «хвостовые» вопросы. Дайте утвердительные и отрицательные ответы (краткие и полные)

1.They live in London, …? 2. He has got a nice house,…? 3. The room is very comfortable, … ? 4. You are not very busy now, …? 5. It was a crazy idea,…? 6. They look for partners in Russia…? 7. He bought his computer five years ago, …? 8. You asked me to make calculations for your business, …? 9. The calculations were always all right, …? 10. You can’t sleep, …? 11. You caught cold the day before yesterday,…? 12. You didn’t consult your doctor,…? 13. He will feel better soon,…? 14. The children are all right,…? 15. He is going to improve his business,…? 16. Russian are not so incomprehensible,…?

Упражнение 16. Добавьте «хвостовые» вопросы. Дайте краткие ответы.

1. You’ve found a lovely dress,…? 2. He’s got a cheaper belt,…? 3. It’s the last purchase for today,…? 4. You’ve wrapped it up,…? 5. We’ll have starved by then,…? 6. I haven’t been to a café for ages,…? 7. We’d like this table by the window,…? 8. She’s gone home,…? 9. They’ve just taken it,…? 10. There’s so much on the menu,…? 11. He’s decided on a small salad and fried fish, …? 12. You can’t choose between the bananas and custard,…?