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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
СЕМИПАЛАТИНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ ШАКАРИМА
КАФЕДРА ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ ПЕРЕВОДА
EXERCISES IN ENGLISH SYNTAX
CБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
По синтаксису современного английского языка
Семей – 2013
Составитель: Калимова Жибек Усембаевна, доцент кафедры теории и практики перевода Семипалатинского государственного университета имени Шакарима.
Рецензенты:
Гайнуллина Ф.А., зав. кафедрой иностранной и русской филологии, доцент КазГИЮУ
THE SIMPLE SENTENCE
Exercise 2. . Define the kinds of sentences according to the purpose of the utterance.
Laura was terribly nervous. Tossing the velvet ribbon over her shoulder, she said to a woman standing by, "Is this Mrs. Scott's house?" and the woman, smiling queerly, said, "It is, my lass." Oh, to be away from this! She actually said, "Help me God!" as she walked up the tiny path and knocked. Then the door opened. A little woman in black showed in the gloom. Laura said, "Are you Mrs. Scott?" But to her horror the woman answered, "Walk in, please, miss," arid she was shut in the passage. "No," said Laura, "I don't want to come in. I only want to leave this basket."The little woman in the gloomy passage seemed not to hear her. "Step this way, please, miss," she said in an oily voice, and Laura followed her. (Mansfield).
THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF THE SENTENCE
THE SUBJECT
THE SECONDARY PARTS OF THE SENTENCE
THE OBJECT
Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences (add a cognate object, using it with the words given in brackets).
1. A young man died ….(of a hero).
2. The old man sighed …..(deep).
3. He has lived….(long and interesting).
4. After the excursion we all slept….(sound).
5. Listening to the funny story he laughed_____(hearty).
6. Looking at the baby the mother smiled….(happy).
7. Ye struck his enemy….(deadly).
8. The troops won….(glorious).
Oral exercises on the use of the Complex Object
Exercise 8. Form a complex object expressed a) by an Infinitive construction,
To make, to keep, to find, to wait, to hear, to want, to expect, to see, to let, to get).
1 .Nothing will____me believe it was true. 2. I ____him laughing loudly. 3. The father_____his son to be an educated man. 4. I shall never be able to____my packing done by myself. 5. I am not going ____you go home alone so late at night. 6. We_____them cross the bridge. 7. We____him to come soon. 8. The public were ____for the curtain to rise. 9. He _____them walking alone a shady alley. 10. I didn’t intend to ____you waiting. 11. They_____on my writing another letter.
Exercise 2. Insert the adverbial modifier in the appropriate place. Give more than variant if
Exercise 3. Ask questions on the adverbial modifiers in bold type.
1. All the preparations happily completed, we left for the South.
2. I see them twice a week.
3. One must handle this apparatus with great care.
4. After a good rest I can go miles.
Exercise 5 . Make up sentences of your own using the following word combinations
SENTENCES WITH HOMOGENEOUS PARTS
Exercise 3. Point out homogenous parts of the sentence, define them and say by what
Exercise 5. Join the following pairs and groups of sentences into one with homogeneous
Parts. Use the conjunctions and, but, or, nor, then, as well as or asyndetic type
THE COMPOUND SENTECE
Exercise 1. Using suitable coordinating conjunctions, convert the following simple
Exercise 3. Comment on the meaning of the coordinating conjunction and (addition, succession or simultaneity; causative-consecutive or adversative meaning).
1. Rebecca's mother had had some education somewhere, and her daughter spoke French with purity and a Parisian accent. (Thackeray). 2. She had already taken leave of him once ...; and now she had nothing to say, nothing whatever. (Bennett). 3. The relations between her and Fossette [the dog] were not marked by transports, and her rule over dogs in general was severe. (Bennett). 4. They were all tremendously great men, and the so-called experts were all tremendously sure they were right. (Berkeley). 5. A padding of unshod hoofs came up the lane, and three dim, dark shapes passed — ponies on an evening march. (Galsworthy). 6. The catastrophe came, and she was brought to the Mall as to her home. (Thackeray). 7. Susan was a princess and I was the equivalent of a swine-herd. 8. There was a pane missing in the kiosk and a cold wind blew in. (Braine). 9. That poor boy asked me to help him to get a chance to propose — and I sent them out for a walk. (Berkeley). 10. Constance, in addition to the sciatica, had caught a sneezing cold, and the act of sneezing caused her the most acute pain. (Bennett). 11. "He follows me around out here all Hie time, and I don't want him." (Dreiser). 12. On the instant she straightened up, and her eyes filled with a great pain. (Dreiser). 13. He laughed, and so did she. (Dreiser). 14. Then the bazooka shell burst on the tower and I was on my face again. (Greene). 15. The moon shone like day, and Nella had full opportunity to observe her quarry. (Bennett). 16. "... they've been married nearly ten years and they haven't had any children." (Braine) 17. "I gave Joe a lift home last night and we called at the St. Clair." (Braine). 18. Every bough was swinging in the wind, every spring bird calling, and a slanting sunlight dappled the grass. (Galsworthy).
Exercise 4. Make up one compound sentence by joining two simple ones with the help of the conjunction and; in the second clause use the English equivalent for the Russian word «тоже».
Model: You don't like to have a tooth pulled out. I don't like to have a tooth pulled out. — You don't like to have a tooth pulled out, and I don't like it either.
1. You have not been to Uglich. I have not been there.
2. She does not like jazz-band. My people do not like jazz-band.
3. I never take medicine. She does not take medicine.
4. She is not fond of such kind of poetry. I am not fond of it.
5. My aunt never goes to football matches. My grandmother never 1 goes to football matches.
6. You never make spelling mistakes. My friend never makes spelling mistakes.
7. I do not go to the South in July. My sister does not go to the South in July.
Exercise 5. Join the following sentences into one using the conjunction so or neither. (Mind the order of words in the second clause of the compound sentence).
Model: 1) I am going to hear this concert. My sister is going to hear it too.— I am going to hear this concert, so is my sister.
2) Bananas don't grow in the North. Pine apples don't grow in the North either. — Bananas don't
grow in the North, neither do pine-apples.
1. He would have liked to be present at that lecture. I should have liked to be present at the. lecture too.
2. I have never been to Scandinavian countries. My. children have never been to Scandinavian countries either.
3.You are not responsible for this accident. Your husband is not responsible for it either.
4. But for the meeting I should have been at the concert yesterday. My fellow-students would have been there too.
5.I am greatly interested in this subject. My friend is also interested in it.
Exercise 6. A. Oral exercises on the use of subject clauses.
Whatever she was right
That she was wrong
Who did it
What has been done is not clear yet.
admits of no doubt.
Which of them did it
Which way they went
Where it happened
When it took place
How they did it
Why he said so
B.
It is not yet clear | whether that where | he will do it. |
who which of the brothers | will come | |
when they why he | ||
what she | will answer | |
how they | will react. |
THE COMPLEX SENTECE
Exercise 9.Make up complex sentences with predicative clauses out of the following pairs of utterances. Choose connective words from the guiding question, otherwise usethat, whether, if, as if, as though.
Model: 1.What isthe condition? Must Mr. Halloway take part in the conference? – The condition is that Mr. Halloway should take part in the conference.
2. How did he look? Was he about to raise an objection? - He looked as if he were about to raise an objection.
1.Where can you find a man? Is this the puzzle? 2. What is the reason of Jim’s sulky look? Has he quarreled with Rosy? 3. Was the house deserted? How did it look? 4. How long will it take them to finish the calculation? Is this the point? 5. What is the question? Has he formed a definite opinion of this matter? 6. Didn’t she consider the young man suitable? Was this the problem? 7. Were they willing to agree? What was your understanding? 8. Is Mary pleased? What is your impression? 9. How did they get that information? Is this the puzzle? 10. Is John guilty? How does he look? 11. Will Pete accept our condition or won’t he? What is the problem? 12. Had Milly recovered from her flu? How did she feel? 13. Should your son first finish school? What is your plan? 14. Should we start anew? Is this the best way? 15. Were they expected at that time? How did it seem?
THE OBJECT CLAUSE
Exercise 1. State whether the object clauses are introduced asyndetically or syndetically. In the latter case pick out connectives. Translate the sentences.
1. Florence: You must do whatever your conscience tells you to be right, Dr. Cumming.(Berkeley) 2. What Miss Fulton did, Bertha didn’t know .(Mansfield) 3. What is guarantee that my orders are not changed? (Hemingway) 4. She found that I listened to what she said…(Conan Doyle) 5. I do not blame the dog because I take it that it is his nature. (Jerome) 6. “I only want to remember what you have seen”, he said…(Greene) 7. I couldn’t tell who the speakers were. (Greene) 8. Lord : One can always tell from a woman’s bonnet whether she has got a memory or not. (Wilde) 9. Lady Hunstanton: I hope I shall remember that(Wilde) 10. Lady Hunstanton: I think there must have been thunder in the air. (Wilde) 11. Nella inquired where the Baroness meant to take lunch. (Bennett) 12. Lady Windermere: ... I don't see why a man should think he is pleasing a woman enormously when he says to her a whole heap
of things that he doesn't mean (Wilde). 13."I see how it is… (Bennett) 14. I was horribly afraid lest some one might walk up Salisbury Lane ... (Bennett). 15.I wondered if the bishop' wife saw theflush on my face ... (Du Maurier). 16. The bishop's wife wants to
know when we are going to give a fancy dress ball at Manderley,"I said... (Du Maurier). 17. Really impossible to tell which of the two was the better museum specimen ... (Galsworthy). 18. Lady Britomart: Andrew, I am exceedingly sorry I allowed you to call on us. (Shaw). 19. Dinny
felt suddenly that she was on very thin ice. (Galsworthy).
20...."I'm terribly glad I've met you at last."(Galsworthy). 21. "I wonder if you two ,ever began to understand each other." (Galsworthy).
Exercise 3. A. Join the following simple sentences into one complex sentence containing
A subject, an object or a predicative clause.
1. What kind of books are you fond of? 1 should like to know it (2). 2. He told us many things about his journey. We are greatly interested in it. 3. His children should be decent and educated people. He dreams about it. 4. What was going on in the street? I wondered at it. 5. Travelling by land is more interesting than travelling by sea. I don't think so. 6. He will keep his word. You may rely on it.
B. Complete the following sentences supplying subject, object or predicative clauses.
1. He has made up his mind ... 2. I didn't hear' ... 3. A little bit of pluck is ... 4. The trainer's instructions to the sportsman were ... 5. It was of vital importance ... 6. The trainer explained to them ... 7. I'll do just ... 8. His aim was ... 9. I take it ... 10. It is a pity ... 11. Do you understand...? 12. He felt ... 13. See to it ... 14. ... I really cannot imagine.
Pattern I
Principal Clause Subordinate Clause
the verbto wish a)Subjunctive Mood of the type
were, spoke (had been, had spoken)
B) would+ Indefinite Infinitive
C) could+ Indefinite Infinitive or Perfect Infinitive
Pattern II
Pattern II
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences into English using object clauses with the anticipatory
It.
1. Денни подарил Эндрю свой микроскоп, так как считал маловероятным, что сам когда-нибудь будет им пользоваться (по Кронину) 2. Эндрю показалось странным, что один и тот же мужской голос отвечал, что инспектора нет дома (по Кронину). 3. Пайл совершенно ясно заявил Фуонг, что готов жениться на ней, если она предпочтет его Фауле-ру (по Г. Грину). 4. Кону нравилось, когда вся его семья могла выезжать в собственной машине (по Кронину). 5. Соме считал необходимым, чтобы члены акционерного общества знали эту горькую правду (по Голсуорси).
5. Эндрю сказал даме, что позаботится о том, чтобы ее дочь была помещена в одну из лучших больниц Лондона (по Кронину).
THE ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSES
Exercise 2. Pick out the attributive clauses; point out the words the clause refer to; say whether clauses are introduced a) asyndetically, b) syndetically; define the connective.
1. Perhaps, he was just killed someone who wanted his money (Greene). 2. … Gabriel went away to a remote corner of the room where Freddy Malin’s mother was sitting (Joyce). 3. She has an opportunity which is offered to very few us (Maugham). 4. Ben… was having trouble with the valve that supplied the right amount of air (Aldridge). 5. Those were the days when there was something like singing to be heard in Dublin (Joyce). 6. That was the knife he had had no time to use (Aldridge). 7. He wanted to explain all he had felt and thought…(Aldridge). 8. She belonged to a world about which he knew nothing at all (Greene). 9. They had agreed that during the first evening they would avoid asking questions about how and why Emil had left Vienna (Warner). 10. The only person in the household with whom he seemed to feel at ease was Hannah(Warner). 11. We shall still… cherish in our hearts the memory of those dead and gone great ones whose fame the world will not willingly let die (Joyce). 12. I felt the same walking down Piccadilly after the war as I did as a youngster back from India (Galsworthy).
Exercise 3. Define the kinds of attributive clauses. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1. It was the hour of rest in the immense courtyard which lay open to the sky (Greene). 2. The procession of cars well ahead of us by the time we started (Greene). 3. Then Harris, who was sitting next the window, drew aside the curtain and looked out the street (Jerome). 4. There is no doubt that my wife was bitterly jealous (C. Doyle). 5. There are times when all of us are afraid of him (C. Doyle). 6. … I have no distinct remembrance whether it pleased or frightened me (Dickens). 7. I had a strong impression that my company was not wanted (Greene).8. We were expected to work all the time, which appears reasonable enough (Braine).9. In the distance lay the park, where the trees were weighted with snow (Joyce). 10. A similar revolver she could concealed… in Miss Dunbar’s wardrobe after discharging one barrel, which she could easily do in the woods without attracting attention (C. Doyle).
Exercise 4. Complete the sentences adding attributive elauses with the connectives suggested in brackets. Give variants wherever possible, changing the place of the preposition and joining the clauses asyndetically.
1. He had to defend his views before his colleagues (многие из которых) . . 2. They had an arrangement (по которому) . . 3 The travellers arrived at the town (о котором)… . 4. The old man returned to the village (в которой) ... _ 5. In the provincial museum (в котором) ... they saw many relics of the Patriotic War of 1812. 6. The textbook (о которой) ... has at last been published. 7. He is not the kind of man (на которого) ... . 8. Give me the name of the student (с ко- торым)... . 9. Here is the book (за которой) ... . 10. We have done the best (что) ... . 11. I'll go anywhere, (куда) ... 12. By the time (когда) ... . 13. His room was in the corri- dor (в дальнем конце которого) ... . 14. Не came very late (что) ... . 15. I remember the day (когда) ... . 16. The secretary spoke very rudely (что)... . 17. This is the same moot problem (по поводу которой) ... .
Exercise 5. Make up complex sentences with relative attributive clauses according to the patterns.
Exercise 11. Complete the sentences adding subject clauses, predicate clauses, object
COMPLEX SENTENCES WITH ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF COMPARISON AND MANNER
Exercise 1. Point out the adverbial clauses of comparison or manner and define the
Conjunctions.
1.The intervals were never as long as they had seemed(Greene). 2. Roy was as sick as he expected to be (Aldridge). 3. It proved more difficult to get out of the Phat Diem area than it had been to get in (Greene). 4. Roy watched these two men as had never watched them before (Aldridge). 5. Roy was stretched to his full length moaning sometimes, as if he were in pain (Aldridge). 6. “He will not be long”, she said as though I needed comfort for his absence (Greene).
Exercise 2. Classify the subordinate clauses joined by as into adverbial clauses of comparison and manner, adverbial clauses of time or cause or attributive clauses.
1. Roy did as he was told, and as he felt the weight taken off his back he found it more difficult to stand (Aldridge). 2. Write that you decline to support this scheme of hers, as you hold it to a dishonest scheme (Whide). 3. The Coroner himself had had business relations with French persons in his capacity as a solicitor, and could assure such of the jury as had never been in France that they ought to allow for these different standards ( Sayers). 4. Scotty had liked Andy just as they had all liked him, but it was clear that he liked Andy no more (Aldridge). 5. I never saw such luck as that fellow had (Cronin). 6. Roy was so tired as he walked in the night that sleep seemed all the ultimate good that man could require (Aldridge). 7. I want you in my room and as Helen Burns is with you, she may come too (Bronte).
Exercise 3. Make up sentences with adverbial clauses of comparison according to the
Patterns.
Pattern I
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Pattern I
Principal clause Subordinate clause
As if
As though Indicative Mood
e.g.He acts as if heis a coward.
He acted as if he was a coward.
B.1. He teaches them so well as if … 2. … as if he knows me. 3. She is reciting the poem in such a hurry as if … 4. … as tough he has lived here for ages. 5. They were packing so hastily as though … 6. … as if he is deaf. 7. … as if she does not know me. 8. Don’t run so fast as if … 9. She passed by without greeting as if… .
COMPLEX SENTENCES WITH ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONDITION
Exercise 1. Point out the adverbial clauses of condition and define the conjunctions. Point
Exercise 2. Make up sentences with adverbial clauses of condition according to the
Patterns.
Pattern I
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Subjunctive Moodof the typeSubjunctive Moodof the
Should/would+ non-perfect were, spoke (had been, had spoken)
Pattern II
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Subjunctive Moodof the type
Should/would+ non-perfect could, might + non-perfect or
Pattern III
Pattern IV
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Subjunctive Moodof the typeSubjunctive Moodof the
Should/would+ non-perfect were to + non-perfect infinitive
Infinitive
D.1. If I were to come across this book, … 2. I should be delighted if I … 3. … she would let me know at once. 4. If the party were to arrive next week, … 5. … if you were to take part in the discussion. 6. … we should see all the places of interest. 7. Were I … I should certainly join in. 8. The doctor promised that if I were to … 9. Were you in my place … 10. If I were to arrange an evening party, … .
COMPLEX SENTENCES WITH ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
Exercise 2. Make up sentences with adverbial clauses of condition according to the
Patterns.
Pattern I
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Pattern II
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Indicative Mood any connective a) may (might) + non- perfect
Perfect infinitive or
Pattern III
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Subjunctive Moodof the typeSubjunctive Moodof thetype
Exercise 2. Use inverted word order in the complex sentences with adverbial clauses of
result according to the patterns:
Pattern I
Pattern II
Principal clause
Pattern III
Principal clause
Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunctions and separate the adverbial
Exercise 4. Translate sentences into English using adverbial clauses of result. Give variants
THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME
Exercise 2. Open the brackets using the appropriate tense of the verb. Refer the action in
Exercise 3. Paraphrase the sentences using adverbial clauses of time by since. Give variants
With different verb forms wherever possible.
Pattern I
Pattern II
Principal clause Subordinate clause
It was … since a) Past Perfect
b) Past Indefinite
Pattern III
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Scarcely
Past perfect hardly when Past indefinite
E.g. He had scarcely entered the room when the bell rang.
Scarcely had he entered the room when the bell rang.
C.1. Mary had hardly seen her mother entered when … 2. … when she cried. 3. The doctor had scarcely examined the patient … 4. … when the train arrived. 5. Scarcely had … 6. The postman had hardly knocked at the door … 7. Hardly had the day broken … 8. … when the door was flung open. 9. … when the boy awoke.
Pattern IY
Principal clause Subordinate clause
THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PLACE
Exercise 1. Point out the adverbial clauses of place and define the conjunctions together
Exercise 2. Define the type of the subordinate clauses joined by where and state whether
Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences and define the type of the subordinate clauses
THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CAUSE
Exercise 1. Point out the adverbial clauses of place and define the conjunctions together
Exercise 2. Analyze the order of clauses and say whether the position of the adverbial
THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME
Exercise 2. Open the brackets using the appropriate tense of the verb. Refer the action in
Exercise 3. Paraphrase the sentences using adverbial clauses of time by since. Give variants
Exercise 4. Make up sentences with adverbial clauses of time according to the patterns.
Pattern I
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Pattern II
Principal clause Subordinate clause
It was … since a) Past Perfect
B) Past Indefinite
Pattern III
Principal clause Subordinate clause
Scarcely
Past perfect hardly when Past indefinite
E.g. He had scarcely entered the room when the bell rang.
Scarcely had he entered the room when the bell rang.
C.1. Mary had hardly seen her mother entered when … 2. … when she cried. 3. The doctor had scarcely examined the patient … 4. … when the train arrived. 5. Scarcely had … 6. The postman had hardly knocked at the door … 7. Hardly had the day broken … 8. … when the door was flung open. 9. … when the boy awoke.
Pattern IY
PARENTHETICAL CLAUSES
С О N T E N T
Section 1. The Simple sentence _________________________________
Section 2. The Subject ________________________________________
Section 3. The Predicate_______________________________________
Section 4. The Object _________________________________________
Section 5. The Attribute _______________________________________
Section 6. The Adverbial modifier ______________________________
Section 7. The Homogeneous parts of the sentence__________________
Section 8. The Compound sentence ______________________________
Section 9. The Complex sentence.
Complex sentence with Subject clauses ________________
Section 10. Complex sentence with Predicative clauses ____________
Section 11. Complex sentence with Object clauses_________________
Section 12. Complex sentence with Attributive clauses_____________
Section 13. Complex sentence with Adverbial clauses______________
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