(a) cap - cab
pack - back
caper - labour
sent - send
ton - don
latter - ladder
leak - league
coal - goal
decree - degree
(b) pee - fee
supper - suffer
leap - leak
tie - sigh
attend - ascend
park - part
do - zoo
raider - razor
rude - ruse
(c) till - chill
martyr - marcher
eat - each
day - jay
murder - merger
lard - large
share - chair
much - marsh
furnisher - furniture
(d) thigh - shy
save - shave
ruse - rouge
Ruth - ruche
presser - pressure
root rouge
mass - mash
(e) bad - mad
arbour - armour
rub - rum
dock - knock
eddy - any
bad - ban
rigging - ringing
log - long
2. Sort out the oppositions under the following heading: (a) labial vs. forelingual, (b) labial vs. mediolingual, (c) labial vs. backlingual:
pat - cat
supper - succor
leap - leak
wield - yield
wail - Yale
man - nap
coming - cunning
seem - seen
3. State which of the pairs illustrate (a) forelingual vs. mediolingual and (b) forelingual vs. backlingual oppositions:
tame - came
less - yes
rudder - rugger
drew - due
sinner - singer
bitter - bicker
clue - cue
bad - bag
sung - young
bat - back
day - gay
rung - young
4. Sort out the oppositions under the following headings: (a) occlusive vs. constrictive, (b) constrictive vs. occlusive–constrictive, (c) noise vs. sonorants:
pine - fine
fare - chair
boat - moat
seek - seen
kick - king
work - jerk
bee - thee
deed - need
thine - wine
vain - lane
came - lame
fame - same
sick - sing
5. Read these pairs of words. State what principles of vowel classification they illustrate:
(a) cod - cord
not - naught
cot – caught
body - border
(b) end - and
ten - tan
hem - ham
kettle - cattle
(c) fir - for
firm - form
turn – torn
bird - bored
(d) fool - full
pool - pull
food - put
tool - took
boot - book
(e) am - aim
add - aid
man - main
lad - laid
fat - fate
(f) nor - no
law - low
called - cold
bald - bold
caught - coat
6. Read these words and state what movements of the tongue make the vowel phonemes / e , E: , A , R , x , I , L / different:
bed - bird - bud - bard
lack - lurk - luck - lark
hat - hurt - hut - heart
cab - curb - cub
tan - turn - ton
bid - bird - bud
lid - led - lad
big - beg - bag
kit - curt - caught