bead - bad - bad
cab - curb - cub
bad - bird - bud
deed - dead - dad
tan - turn - ton
hat - hurt - hut
9. Arrange these words into minimal distinctive pairs:
сart, wart, Boz, caught, don, what, bars, cod, card, down, cot, cord.
10. Read the pairs of words below, characterize subsidiary variants of vowel phonemes due to adaptation:
a) booty - beauty moon – music b) coop - cat - keen goose - cattle - keep | c) peel - pool - Paul tea - too - tore geese - goose - gorge |
11. Read the examples below, observe the elision of / t, d /:
(a) cleft palate waste paper crushed strawberries bathed the baby (b) slammed the door hair-brained scheme stringed musical instrument | (c) trapped by cracked pots dubbed film bugged telephone enriched foodstuffs ridged surface dived below closed doors breathed deeply |
12. Read the words below. Single out the vowels that may be elided in these words:
nursery
petitioner
policeman
difficult
banana
boundary
several
suppose
history
perhaps
temporary
phonetically
potato
preference
secretary
Edinburgh
especially
carefully
possibly
suffering
reasonable
parliament
buffalo
government
bachelor
naturally
awfully
comfortable
machine
interesting
13. Read the words below. Single out the consonants that may be elided in these words:
handbag
postman
a sixth round
last Saturday
next time
humpty-dumpty
attempt
empty
night time
crumbs
landscape
sanctuary
next stop
lamb
punctual
14. Arrange these words under the headings: (1) lateral plosion, (2) nasal plosion, (3) loss of plosion (two plosionless stops):
actor
curdled
muddle
needless
mottled
Britain
begged
oughtn’t
at last
what kind
admit
back to back
madness
witness
big books
partner
slept
cotton
great number
sudden
captain
top coat
red light
black goat
ripe cheese
huddle
at night
good looks
15. Explain how accommodation affects the place of articulation in the vowels:
/ta: - ka:, ki: - ka:, ku:l - ki:n, jes - pju:t , i:l - ki:p/
SEMINAR 4. English Syllabification. Accentual Structure of English Words
Points for discussion:
1. The definition of the syllable.
2. Different approaches to the syllable. Syllable formation.
3. Types of the syllable.
4. Phonotactics.
5. Rules of syllable division.
6. Function of the syllable.
7. The definition of word accent.
8. The nature of word stress.
9. The principles of word stress.
10. The placement of word stress.
11. Degrees of word accent.
12. English word accentuation tendencies.
13. Stress in compound words.
14. Functional aspect of word stress.
15. Word-, phrase-, and sentence-stress.
Literature:
1. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: учеб. для студ. вузов по спец. «Филология»: – 2-е изд. / М.А.Соколова, К.П.Гинтовт, И.С.Тихонова и др. – М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС. – 1996. – С. 112-120, 121-134.
2. Бурая Е.А., Галочкина И.Е., Шевченко Т.И. Фонетика современного английского языка: Теоретический курс. – М., 2006. – С. 103-132.
Exercises:
1. Read the sentences below to prove the distinctive function of the stress. Translate them into Russian:
a) Contrast makes it seem better. Contrast Tom with his sister. It’s because of contrast. It’s because they contrast. b) This forecast was wrong. I like his forecast. It’s what they fore cast. c) A prefix is added. Prefix a paragraph to Chapter I. It’s a prefix. It’s a paragraph they decided to prefix | d) He is a suspect. He is the man we suspect. The suspect is here. We suspect this man. e) They gave way without protest. They decided to protest. This protest was wrong. Protest against it. f) Export is forbidden. Export cotton goods. These goods the cities export. |
2. Provide these words with necessary stress marks:
аr-raid, birdcage, coalmine, teapot, washstand, mail-bag, dance-music, grandfather, handwriting, shopkeeper, ladybird, office-boy, waiting-room, dinner- jacket, tape recorder, labour exchange, ground floor, knee-deep, cross-question, flat-footed, shop-window, hot-water-bottle, waste-paper-basket, post-graduate, vice-chancellor, second-hand.
3. Transcribe the words and put down stress marks in these verbs and nouns. Translate them: