Research and development (R and D) is the search for new and improved products and industrial processes. Both industrial firms and governments carry out Rand D. Innovations in products or processes normally follow a path from laboratory (lab) idea, through pilot or prototype production and manufacturing start-up, to full-scale production and market introduction. There are two main types of research. Pure or basic research aims to clarify scientific principles without a specific end product in view; applied research uses the findings of pure research in order to achieve a particular commercial objective. Development describes the improvement of a product or process by scientists in conjunction with engineers. Industry spends vast sums to develop new products and the means to produce them cheaply, efficiently, and safely.
Research is important in many disciplines and there are different types of research with different research professionals. The type of research reflects the environment and the objectives. In addition, many research words have entered the general language.
If you want to get feedback on a product or service, you can use qualitative research. Qualitative research uses open-ended interviewing to explore and understand the attitudes, opinions, feelings and behavior of individuals or a group of individuals. Qualitative research has many common uses, including:
- investigating current product/service/brand positioning
- Identifying strengths and weaknesses
- exploring alternative communication messages
- understanding why customers buy and use a product or service
- evaluating the impact of advertising or public relations campaigns
Research is based around a wide range of activities- from detailed analysis to product improvement. Results from research activities need to be scientifically measured and then reported.