Согласуйте слова в левой колонке с их интерпретацией, предложенной справа.
Согласуйте слова в левой колонке с их интерпретацией, предложенной справа. - раздел Иностранные языки, Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности: Учебное пособие / Радовель В. А. — Изд. 3-е. 1. Computer A) A Combination Of Interconnected
Circuit Elements Prod...
1. Computer a) a combination of interconnected
circuit elements produced in a chip to perform a definite function
2. Analog computer b) a sequence of instructions en-
abling the computer to solve a given task
3. Digital computer c) a tiny piece of silicon containing
1 complex electronic circuits used
inside all computers
4. Hardware d) a system which processes and
stores great amount of data solving problems of numerical computation
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 66
5. Software e) a device which can carry out rou-
tine mental tasks by performing simple operations at high speed
6. Program f) electronic and mechanical equip-
ment in a computer system
7. Programming g) a set of programs, procedures and
associated documentation
8. Integrated circuit h) the process of preparation a set of
coded instructions for a computer
9. Chip i) a device that has input and output
represented in the form of physical quantities
10. Transistor j) a small piece of a semiconductor
that greatly reduced power consumption of a circuit
3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя:
Л. Правильную неличную форму глагола
1. Computing is a concept (embraced;embracing; for embracing) not only arithmetics, but also computer literacy. 2. We can make the computer do what we want (inputted; to input; by inputting) signals (turning; turned; without turning) switches on and off. 3. Computers have a means (by communicating; of communicating; communicated) with the user. 4. Computers work according to the instructions (giving; given; to give) to it by users. 5. The transistor (inventing; invented; for inventing) in 1948 completely changed the vacuum tubes.
Б. Глагол в действительном или страдательном залоге
1. Computers (applied; are applied; are applying) for automatic piloting and automatic navigation. 2. The programs (write; have written; are written) to help people in the use of the computer system. 3. As digital computers (count; counted; are counted) quickly, they widely (use; used; are used) in business data processing. 4. Once data (entered; have entered; have been entered) correctly into the data processing system, the possibility of error (reduced; is reduced; are reduced). 5. It is known that an analyst (use; uses; is used) a computer to solve specific problems.
67 Unit 5. Computer Systems: An Overview
4. Прочтите текст и выберите правильные ответы на поставленные ниже вопросы к тексту.
FROM THE HISTORY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
As it is well known, Russian scientists made great contribution into the development of computers. Russian mathematician P. Chebyshev who lived in the 19th century was interested in calculators. Among many other mechanisms invented by him there was an arithmometer designed in 1876. It was one of the most unique calculating machines of the time. At the beginning of the 20th century Academic A.Krylov constructed a mechanical integrator for solving differential equations.
The first Soviet computer, a small-size computing machine (MESM) was tested in 1950 under Academician S.Lebedev. Next year it was put into operation. In a year MESM was followed by BESM, a large-size electronic computing machine, with 8000 operations per second.
Serial production of computers in the USSR has been started since 1953. That year U.Basilevsky headed the design and manufacture of computer STRELA. 1958 witnessed the production of Ы-.20, computers of the first generation under the guidance of S.Lebedev. The first generation of electron tube computers was followed by the second generation of foto transistor computers, using magnetic logic elements.
Starting with 1964 semiconductor computers —
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 68
URAL, BESM-4 and M-220 were produced. Under Academician Glushkov small-size computers MIR, MIR-2 and DNEPR were designed and tested at the Institute of Cybernetics.
In the late 60s together with other members of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance the Soviet Union started on the program of Unified Computer System, the program concerned with the third generation of computers with high-speed performance and program compatibility (совместимость).
1. What was one of the first achievements in the sphere of calculating in Russia?
a) calculator; b) arithmometer; c) mechanical integrator
2. When was the first Soviet computer put into operation? a) in 1950; b) in 1951; c) in 1952
3. Who headed the serial production of computers in the USSR?
a) A.Krylov; b) S.Lebedev; c) U. Basilevsky
4. Which machine was the first in the development of the first
generation computers?
a) MESM; b) STRELA; с) М-20
5. When did the production of the third generation comput-
ers begin?
a) late 60s; b) early 70s; c) late 70s
ENJOY YOURSELF
I. Quiz-game "What do you know about computers?" (Who is the first to give the right answers to the questions below?)
1. What does "a computer-literate" person mean?
2. What is the role of computers in our society? v?. What is electronics?
4. Where are electronic devices used?
5. What jnvention contributed to the appearance of electronics?
6. When and where was the transistor invented?
7. What advantages did the transistor have over the vacuum tube?
8. When was the integrated circuit discovered?
69 Unit 5. Computer Systems: An Overview
9. What is the essence of the integrated circuit?
10. What is microelectronics?
11. What techniques does microelectronics use?
12. What scales of integration are known to you?
13. What do you understand by microminiaturization?
14. What was the very first calculating device?
15.Who gave the ideas for producing logarithm tables? 16.. Who invented the first calculating machine?
17. How was the first calculating machine called?
18. What was the first means of coding data?
19. What Business Corporation was the first to produce computers?
20- In what fields were the first computers used? 2JU When was the first analog computer build? 22^ What was the name of the first digital computer? f3T)Who built the first digital computer? 24Г What is ENIAC? Decode it.
25. Who contributed the idea of storing data and instructions in binary code?
26. What does binary code mean?
27. What were computers of the first generation based on?
28. What invention contributed to the appearance of the second generation computers?
29. What was the essence of the third computer generation?
30. What is the basis of the fourth computer generation? 5T) What is a computer?
"32. What are the main junciiom-of the computers?
33. What is a program?
34. What are data?
35. What is data processing?
$f& Name four advantages of computer data processing.
Научный консультант... Соколов С В доктор технических наук профессор действительный член... Рецензент Понкратова Ю Г зам директора гимназии г Ростова н Д председатель методобъединения учи телей английского языка...
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1.
computer literacy [ksm'pjute 'litsrasi] — компьютерная
грамотность problem-solving device — устройство, обеспечивающее
решение задачи
be aware of [bi a'wesr ov] — понимат
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2
intricate ['mtnkit] — сложный, запутанный, electronic circuit [sbkt'romk 'sa:kit] — электронная цепь, схема
to operate switches [ops'reit 'switfiz] — приводить в действие переключатели
Text 2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possi
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 1
calculating device [ksllcjiK'leitin di'vais] — вычислительное
устройство
multiple ['nultiplj — кратный
abacus ['aebakss] — счеты
slide rule ['slaid 'nil] — логар
Text У. THE FIRST CALCULATING DEVICES
Let us take a look at the history of computers that we know today. The very first calculating device used was the ten fingers of a man's hands. This, in fact, is why today we still count in tens an
Подберите вместо пропусковподходящее по смыслу слово.
1. British scientists invented a___ way of multiplying and
dividing.
a) mechanical; b) electrical; c) optical
2. A new branch of mathematics,____ , was invented in
Basic data processing operations
Five basic operations are characteristic of all data processing systems: inputting, storing, processing, outputting, and controlling. They are defined as follows.
Inputting is the
Data storage hierarchy
It is known that data, once entered, are organized and stored in successively more comprehensive groupings. Generally, these groupings are called a data storage hierarchy. The general groupings of
Types of computers
The two basic types of computers are analog and digital. Analog computers simulate physical systems. They operate on the basis of an analogy to the process that is being studied. For ex-
A. -er, -or
То control, to compute, to design, to use, to manufacture, to work, to simulate, to operate, to protect, to process, to deal, to perform, to examine, to program, to execute, to transmit, to convert
Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1.What is hardware? 2. Give the definition of software. 3. What are the types of software? 4. What are systems software? 5. What kind of tasks do systems software perform? 6
STEPS IN THE DEVELOPING OF COMPUTERS
1. In 1948 due to the invention of transistors there appeared the possibility to replace vacuum tubes. The transistor occupied an important place on the way to computer development. The
Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2.
medium (pi. media) — носитель; среда capacity — емкость; объем (памяти); пропускная способность
media capacity — емкость носителя
data access time — время доступа к данным
Опишите схему.
93__________________________________ Unit 7. Storage
13. Переведите предложения, содержащие всевозможные формы причастий: Participle I, Participle II,
DIGITAL COMPUTER OPERATION
1. A digital computer is a machine capable of performing operations on data represented in digital or number form. The individual operations performed by a digital computer are very simple arithmet
TESTS 1. Вставьте вместо пропусков необходимые слова.
1. The time required for the computer to locate and transfer data in the storage device is called the data____ time.
a) sequence; b) access; c) value
2.______ memories have no
Text 2. THE CPU MAIN COMPONENTS
As it is known the two functional units of the CPU are the control unit (CU) and the arithmetic-logical unit (ALU). The control unit manages and coordinates the entire computer system. It obtains
MICROPROCESSOR - A BRAIN ТО THE HARDWARE
1. The microprocessor forms the heart of a microcomputer. The first microprocessors were developed in 1971 as a branch of pocket calculator development. Since then there has been a trem
A MODEM
The piece of equipment that allows a computer to communicate with other computers over telephone lines is called a modem. The modem allows the individual to access information from all over the w
Вставьте необходимые слова вместо пропусков.
1. A personal computer is a small relatively inexpensive de-
vice designed for an individual__________ .
a) person; b) producer; c) user
2. One of the fi
Text 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Programming is the process of preparing a set of coded instructions which enables the computer to solve specific problems or to perform specific functions. Theiessence of computer programmingjis
Text 2. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Let's assume that we have studied the problem, designed a
logical plan (our flowchart or pseudocode), and are now ready
to write the program instructions. The proc
FORTRAN IV
The FORTRAN IVlanguage is oriented toward solving problems of a mathematical nature. The name FORTRAN comes from the combination of the words formula translation. The versi
RPG II Programming language
RPG IIis a business-oriented language. The name stands for report program generator. RPG is considerably different from other programming languages. RPG is, in effect, a large prew
The conversion of symbolic languages
As we see, most of the symbolic languages are oriented toward the particular application areas of business or science (math). The one problem with all symbolic languages is that none of them can b
Running the computer program
The operating system is a collection of program provided by the computer's manufacturer that allows us to shedule jobs for the computer, to translate source programs into object programs, to sort d
A BRIEF HISTORY of the INTERNET
In 1973 the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. The objectiv
ENJOY YOURSELF
Quiz-game "Do you know more about computers"?(Divide into two groups and give answers to even (1 gr.) and odd (2 gr.)
question numbers.)
Англо-русский словарь
reversibility — обратимость; возможность изменить направление на противоположное
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5. Software e) a device which can carry out rou-
4. Прочтите текст и выберите правильные ответы на поставленные ниже вопросы к тексту.
Serial production of computers in the USSR has been started since 1953. That year U.Basilevsky headed the design and manufacture of computer STRELA. 1958 witnessed the production of Ы-.20, computers of the first generation under the guidance of S.Lebedev. The first generation of electron tube computers was followed by the second generation of foto transistor computers, using magnetic logic elements.
URAL, BESM-4 and M-220 were produced. Under Academician Glushkov small-size computers MIR, MIR-2 and DNEPR were designed and tested at the Institute of Cybernetics.
9. What is the essence of the integrated circuit?
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