АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации

 

НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС

Методические указания для студентов первого курса

Всех технических специальностей

PRE-INTERMEDIATE

Часть 1

Новосибирск

2007

MODULE 1 EDUCATION

Introduction

Focus: Personal Profile

1.

CONGRATULATIONS ON BEING A FIRST-YEAR STUDENT AT NSTU!

We will be glad to get acquainted with you, and to know how special you are. Are you the same as your group-mates?

Write notes about yourself in English in your notebook, then complete this questionnaire.

 

 

QUESTIONNAIRE Where are you from? ______________ What’s your age? ____________ For how many years have you studied English? ____________ Do you need to brush up your English? ___________________ Can anyone in your home speak English? _______________ Have you any family or friends in an English speaking country? ___________ Have you ever studied abroad? ____________________ Have ever been abroad? ______________________ What’s your favourite book?_____________ What’s your favourite film? _____________ What’s your favourite TV programme? _____________ Who is your favourite singer or musician? ___________ What’s your favourite character in films, books or history? _________________ What are two things you like doing? ______________________ What are two things you hate doing? ________________________ What are two things you are good at? _________________________ What are two things you are bad at? ____________________________ What’s your favourite subject? __________________ !7. What do you know about NSTU? _____________________ 18. Why did you enter NSTU? ______________________________ 19. What faculty do you study at? ____________________ 20. What will your future job be? ___________________________

 

2. Write three questions you’d like to ask your group-mates.

 

 

UNIT 1 HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN

· Higher Education in Britain ( general overview) · Grammar focus: Present/Past Simple Active · Skills focus: Reading for specific information to know about the system of higher education in the UK; learning…

Phrasal Verbs

  4.Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs.  

II. TEXT A

Vocabulary

semester/term – семестр director of studies – руководитель научно-исследовательских работ rector – ректор университета

FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION

About three million students are enrolled each year in part-time courses at further education (FE) colleges, some released by their employers and a… II. Higher education has also undergone a massive expansion. In 2000 only… The massive expansion was achieved by greatly enlarging access to undergraduate courses, but also by authorizing the…

Vocabulary

1. maintenance a. empire 2. poorer b. research 3. original c. quality

A. educated people n. original research

B. enlarge access to o. fee

c. sponsorship p. “redbrick” foundations

D. adults q. student population

F. loan t. grant degree awards

G. female undergraduates u. medieval foundations

h.ethnic minorities v.part-time courses

i. students’ intake w. finance

J. full-time training y. examination

k. grant x. “plate-glass” universities

L. unemployed z. enroll in a course

M. ancient universities

1. It is the more prosperous people who have benefited most …. university expansion. 2. Open University provides every person in Britain …. the opportunity to… a degree.

Speaking

90, 47, 1988, 1992, 28%. 8.Discuss in pairs the answer to following questions: 1. What courses does further higher education provide?

TEXT B

Vocabulary

celebrated – известный, знаменитый

power – власть, право

to grant smth. – прeдоставлять что-либо

condition – состояние

intelligence – ум, интеллект

require smth. - тpe6oвать

term - ceмecтp

thesis (pl. theses)-диссертация

to make a contribution – вносить вклад

postgraduate student – аспирант

conduct an examination (lesson, seminar, ...) — проводить экзамен

scatter smth. – paзбрасывть что-либо

govern – управлять

to be responsible for smth., doing smth. – быть ответственным за

public school – (англ.) закрытое частное среднее учреждение,

(амер.) бесплатная государственная школа

applicant – претендент, кандидат, абитуриент

available – имеющийся в наличие

to take smth. into consideration – принимать что-либо во внимание

attendance – посещение

compulsory – обязательный

apart from - кроме

to practice smth. (AE) (BE to practise) - 1) применять что-либо, 2) практиковать что-либо

to encourage smb., smth. to do – ободрять, поощрять что-либо

opportunity – возможность

to deny smth. – отрицать что-либо

thisis not the case – это не так

per cent -процент

beyond the age of 15 – старше пятнадцати лет

syllabus – программа (курса, лекций)

fellow – член совета колледжа; стипендиат и исследователь

tutorial – университетская система обучения путем прикрепления студентов к отдельным

консультантам

essay – очерк, этюд , эссе, рассказ, реферат

scholarship – стипендия

to allocate scholarships – назначать стипендии

to perpetuate - увековечивать

 

1.The text you’ll read is about students’ life in Britain. Before you read, work in pairs and discuss the answers to these questions :

1. Would you like to study in Great Britain? Why/Why not?

2. What are the cultural differences in the life of Russian and British students?

3. Read the text and check your suppositions.

STUDENTS’ LIFE IN THE UK (GREAT BRITAIN)

The oldest and the most celebrated Universities of Great Britain are those in Oxford and Cambridge. There are also universities in London, Manchester, Liverpool, Birmingham and other cities.

There are no state universities in Britain; each of the universities has its own government. It is the state however that defines their status and gives them the power to grant degrees to students. Each university itself decides in what condition it will grant degrees, but the form of examination and the standards of knowledge and intelligence required for a first degree (Bachelor of Arts, or Bachelor of Science) are about the same at all the universities.

Students still have to pay fees. Most students now do some paid work during their vacations, such as helping at the Post Office at Christmas and doing some seasonal jobs in summer, but practically none does paid work during the term-time.

The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master, given for a thesis based on at least one year's full-time work.

The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis which is an original contribution to knowledge. In a few of the biggest universities there are some seminars for postgraduate students, but usually there are no regular courses for them.

The university is a sort of federation of colleges. The university prescribes syllabuses, arranges lectures, conducts examinations and awards degrees, but there is no single building which can be called the University. The colleges and university buildings are scattered about the town.

Each college is governed by its Fellows and they are also responsible for teaching their own students through the tutorial system.

It is more expensive to study at Oxford or Cambridge than at any other university and it is not easy to find a place to study at Oxford or Cambridge.

About half of the students at these two leading universities are former pupils of prominent public schools. The number of applicants is usually several times as great as the number of places available. Colleges tend to admit young men who are good at football or some other sport, sons of former students, or sons of respectable citizens or millionaires, one of the main points taken into consideration that is they might support the university financially.

Special tests are used for allocating scholarships by which some students get a reduction of their fees.

Part of the teaching at all faculties is by means of lectures arranged by the university, and any student may attend any university lecture. At the beginning of each term a list is published showing all the lectures being given during the term within each faculty, and every student can choose which lectures he will attend, though his own college tutor advises him which lectures seem likely to be most useful. Attendance at university lectures is not compulsory.

Apart from lectures, teaching is done by means of the "tutorial system". This is a system of individual consultations.

Each Fellow in a college is a tutor in his own subject to the undergraduates who are studying it. Once a week, each student has a tutorial, that is he reads out an essay which he has written and for an hour he and the tutor discuss the essay. Before writing an essay the student may consult his tutor.

Though the system of teaching practiced at Oxford, with its tendency to avoid set courses, is supposed to encourage independent thought and judgement, opinions differ, and at some universities regular courses of lectures for each of the subjects studied are preferred.

British education is supposed to provide equality of opportunity for all, but it is not to be denied that this is not the case.

Education in Great Britain is class-divided and selective. The number of young people who can enter the university is limited not so much by the capacity of the universities as by class considerations. The educational system tends to perpetuate social and economic power and privilege from one generation to the next.

2Read the text again and find the answer to the following questions:

1. What are the oldest and the most celebrated Universities of Great Britain?

2. Are there any state universities in Great Britain?

3. How are the universities governed? Who defines their status?

4. Is the form of examination different or the same at all the universities?

5. Do students have to pay fees for the tuition at the university?

6. Why do most students have to work while studying at the university?

7. What is the first postgraduate degree? What is it given for?

8. Who is awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy?

9. What does the university arrange?

10. Whom is each college governed by?

11. What are the Fellows responsible for?

12. Whom do these colleges usually admit?

13. Who applies for the place at Oxford or Cambridge?

14. How are the fees reduced?

15. Is the attendance of lectures compulsory or not?

16 .What system of teaching is available at British universities?

17 What is the way of conducting tutorials?

 

3. Ask questions to the following statements:

1. The Master’s degree is given for a thesis based on one year's full-time work. (What for...)

2. The university arranges lectures, conducts examinations and awards degrees. (What...)

3. Each college is governed by its Fellows. (By whom...)

4. Colleges admit young men who are good at sports. (Whom...)

5. Part of the teaching at all faculties is done by lectures. (How...)

6. Once a week each student has a tutorial. (How often...)

 

4.Ask questions to which the following may serve as the answers:

1. Only 1% of children of unskilled workers receive full-time education beyond the age of 18.
2. Many students do some paid work during their vacations.

3. It is the tutorial system that is believed to encourage independent thought and judgement.

4. Yes, students still have to pay fees.

5. The Fellows are responsible for teaching their students.

6. Teaching is mostly done by means of the tutorial system.

5. Finish the sentences by choosing a true word or phrases from the brackets:

1. British education ... (doesn’t provide equality of opportunity for all; fails to develop potential talent and ability; is cheap; is expensive; gives little opportunity to workers'
children).

2. Most universities in Great Britain... (are state universities; are independent; have their own government; aren’t financially supported by rich people).

3. Each university has the right... (to give degrees; to conduct meetings; to arrange lectures).
4. The first university degree is... (Doctor of Philosophy; Master of Arts; Bachelor of Arts).

5. University students have to work... (during the term; during their vacation; all the year round).

6. If a postgraduate student has defended a thesis, he gets a degree of... (Bachelor of Science; Master; Doctor of Philosophy).

7. At British universities teaching is done mostly by means of... (lectures; seminars; the
tutorial system).

8. Universities mostly admit... (former pupils of prominent public schools; workers' children; sons of millionaires).

9. British universities are supported financially by... (the state; rich private persons; public
institutions).

10 Attendance at university lectures is... (compulsory; not compulsory).

6.Skim throughthe text again and finish the sentences:

1 British education is supposed to provide...

2 Only one per cent of children of unskilled workers receive...

3 The British educational system fails to develop...

4 All universities have the right to grant…

5 University students have to pay...

6 The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is given for a thesis which is….

7 The university conducts...

8 The fellows who govern the university are responsible for...

9 The students are taught through...

10 Universities are financially supported by…

11 Colleges admit mostly sons of...

12 Some students get a reduction of their fees through...

13 Attendance at university lectures is...

14 The tutorial system is a system of...

15 The tutorial system is supposed to...

7.1.Work in three groups. Each group reads a different text given by the teacher and concerning social students’ life. Read the texts and make notes on the key points. (p. 89, supplementary materials to Module I

2 Form new groups of three people, each of whom has read a different text. Inform your partners about main points of the text you've read.

3 Work in the same groups and discuss the similarities and differences in students' life in the USA and in Russia.

4. Choose a spokesperson in the group to make a presentation to the whole class, summarizing the opinions in the group.

Writing

8.This form may be completed on line at: www. intstudy. com/f_application.htm

International Student

Further Information Form

_________________________________________________________

Please take a few moments to complete this Request Form accurately in order to receive FREE comprehensive further information on any course(s) or college(s)worldwide. Relevant institutions will mail you a prospectus and application form within a few days.

Please note: We undertake that this information will be used solely for the purposes of helping you to find the right combination of Country, Course and College. We guarantee that this form will only be forwarded to those colleges that meet your unique criteria.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Please supply your details

Full Name _____________________________________________

E-mail address__________________________________________

Nationality _______________ Date of Birth (MM-DD-YY) _______________

Gender * Male * Female

Are you married No Yes

1. Where do you reside?

Address _________________________________________________

Town/City_______________________________________

State/Country ____________Zip/Post Code ___________ Country___________

Telephone ____________________________

2. What do you want to study?

What level of study are you interested in:(Must be selected)

*BA/BSc* MA/MSc/PHD* MBA* Community College * Pre university Course* Diploma

Which country(s) you are interested in studying in: (select all that apply)

*United States of America * United Kingdom * Europe

* Australia * Canada * New Zealand

Financial Status

Intended Enrolment Time (select term and year) Term:Spring Summer Autumn Winter Year:2007 2008 2009 2010 3. School/College background

UNIT 3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

· Curricula and Degrees Awarded · Grammar focus: Wh-questions; Prepositions · Skills focus: Reading for specific information and comparing the systems of higher education in the USSR, the UK…

HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

Today, higher educational institutions of Russia include over 700 universities, academies, institutes and colleges. The non-state sector with more… Training is offered on a full-time and part-time basis. Tuition is free only… The academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms (semesters). Students take exams at the end of…

UNIT 4 NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (NSTU)

· Focus: Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU)

· Asking the Way

· Effective Presentation Techniques

· Grammar focus: Present/Past SimplePassive

· Skills focus: Reading for specific information; learn to ask for directions; learn to make an effective presentation of the university where you study at.

TEXT D

I. Vocabulary

What I know about NSTU What I would like to know about NSTU NSTU has 12 faculties When was NSTU founded ? … 2.Read the text to see if the questions written by you in exercise 1 are…

NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (NSTU)

MISSION STATEMENTS

• To develop the University by expanding into other areas of study and research. • To contribute to the accelerated development of the country by offering… Founded in 1953, NSTU gained its status of a technical university in 1992. It is one of the top ten technical…

1992, 1953, 1080, 4, 6, 5, 11, 8.

4. Match the words from the text with their corresponding definitions.

1. facilities a. physical parts of the computer, machinery

Magazine b. programs

Journal c. something that can be relied on

Textbook d. to get, to obtain, to receive

Software e. pieces of equipment

Hardware f. a book containing texts about a particular subject

Reliability g. a magazine that deals with a specialized subject

To gain h. a publication which contains articles, advertisement,

Stories and photographs

A device i. an object invented for a particular purpose

 

5. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. In 1992, NSTU ---------------- of a technical university.

2. NSTU is a large educational and scientific center in ------------------.

3. NSTU --------------------- in 35 areas at 10 faculties.

The period of study depends on ---------------------- .

6. The direction of the research refers to ----------------- . Grammar Focus: Present/Past Simple Passive   The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. for e.g.:…

MODULE 2 ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

UNIT 5 POLLUTION

• Focus: Pollution no easy answers (Its types, causes and effect on the environment and people)
• High-tech pollution
• Grammar focus: Future with will or to be going to
• Skills focus: Reading for specific information; learn to analyze the problem of pollution and look for the ways of its solution

 

TEXT A

Vocabulary

to toss – бросать to do harm – причинять вред stuff – вещество, материя

POLLUTION - NO EASY ANSWERS

According to experts, all of these examples can be types of pollution. Broadly defined, pollution is any human-caused change in the environment that… From Manure to Monoxide: As long as people lived in scattered settlements and… Though pollution has been around for thousands of years, the sources of our pollution problems have changed, and the…

C)

pollution

causes allergy

 

 

TEXT B

Vocabulary

device– электронный прибор gadget – механическое приспособление/устройство appliances – электроприборы

HIGH TECH POLLUTION

The speed of turnover is very high. Anyone who has ever bought a computer will be sure that a PC is out of date as soon as you buy it. If a computer… This trend isn’t confined to computers either. Germany, Europe’s richest… Klaus Brodersen of Erlangen University is trying to produce a definite classification what chemicals should and should…

Intelligent d. old-fashioned

6. decade f. small machine or device 7. common g. to burn 8. scrap heap h. pile of garbage

Speaking

1 500 000, 100 000, 7 000, 200, 100.000. 8.. Read the text again and answer the following questions. 1. Why is recycling of high-tech garbage becoming a pressing problem?

UNIT 6 ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF BIG CITIES AND THEIR SOLUTION

Grammar focus: Present perfect simple, clauses of purpose Skills focus: Reading for specific information; learn to analyze the problem… Vocabulary:

A B

1) Paying for their children’s education a) is a good way to protect people’s health

2) An urgent need in many industrial cities b) is a problem for people living near highways

3) Reducing traffic noise c) is a problem for many parents

4) Banning smoking in public places d) is reducing air pollution

3.Fill in correct words from the box and discuss the way to solve pollution problem in cities:

aerosol, exhaust, recycling center, public transport, boycott, waste, dispose, influence, unleaded, ban

 

Pollution is getting worse and we must solve this pressing problem. You can start by taking your unwanted 1)…….. to a 2)………, instead of throwing it away. You also need to properly 3) ……….. of any garbage that can’t be recycled. A good way to 4)…….. big companies is to 5) …….. any products which are harmful to the environment. This forces the companies to change their methods of production. If you buy an 6)……. spray, for example, always make sure it is an 7)……… one. If you drive a car, try to get one which takes 8) ……..

petrol because 9) ……… fumes given off are less harmful to the environment. If you are traveling in the city, don’t use the car, but take 10)……… instead. It’s much more environmentally friendly, and often faster as well.

TEXT C

Vocabulary

kitchen trash – пищевые отходы noncombustible garbage – несгораемый мусор upon request – по требованию, заявке

WASTE NOT, WANT NOT

A city that has solved this problem in unusual way is Machida in Tokyo, Japan. They have developed a totally new approach to garbage disposal. The… 1Garbage that can be easily burnt (that is combustible garbage) such as… 2 noncombustible garbage, such as small electrical appliances, plastic tools and plastic toys

Vocabulary

fossil fuels – ископаемое топливо

rotor blades – вращающиеся лопасти

renewable – восстановимый, возобновляемый ( о природных ресурсах)

9.Complete the project aimed at solving a serious energy crises in Britain with either present perfect or present simple of the verbs in brackets.

THE ANSWER IS BLOWING IN THE WIND

Usually the British 2_------_(burn) fossil fuels or 3--------- build) nuclear power stations. As a result they emit harmful greenhouse gases,… How can we produce enough energy without damaging the environment? What can we… The countries like Holland and Denmark 5_-----_( use) wind power as an alternative source of energy for many years.…

Speaking

10.Look at the following pictures and notes, then in pairs discuss what the problems of big cities are and how they can be solved. Problems:noise, smog, congested roads, gas emission, acid rain, careless… Solution:filters, unleaded petrol, better public transport, fines, biodegradable packaging, recycling, incinerate…

Writing

Before you write a compositionproviding solutions to the problems, you should make a list of the suggestions and the results. Start your composition…

PLAN

I. INTRODUCTION: 1. state the problem:The living conditions in our city are getting worse and worse. Exhaust fumes and smoke from the factories are polluting the air. Furthermore,…… (state other problems). We should do something before it’s too late.

II. MAIN BODY

2.suggestion 1& result

3.suggestion 2& result

4.suggestion 3& result

III CONCLUSION

5. summarize your opinion:All things considered , there are many solutions to all the problems. The sooner we put them into practice, the better our lives become.

MODULE 3 CITIES

 

UNIT 7 CITIES AND WORLD-FAMOUS ATTRACTIONS

Focus: Cities of English speaking countries

Grammar focus: Degrees of comparison; articles with geographical names

Skills focus: Reading for specific information; making comments; writing a tourist leaflet; discussion.

 

TEXT A

Vocabulary

celebrity – знаменитость, звезда fascinating – обворожительный, очаровательный, пленительный to eat out – питаться в ресторане или в кафе, а не дома

LOS ANGELES - THE CITY OF ANGELS

The hotels in LA are more expensive than those in many other American cities, but they are clean and safe. The Biltmore and the Omni are lovely and… Places to visit There are many interesting places you can visit, like Venice Beach with its street performers, Universal Studios to…

Vocabulary

prosperous – процветающий, успешный, благополучный harbour – гавань, порт spectacular – впечатляющий, волнующий, захватывающий

Sydney

Sydney is Australia’s largest city, with a population of more than 4 million. It is a prosperous business centre and people are still enjoying the success of the 2000 Olympic Games.

The city was founded by the British as a prison colony in 1788 – they chose the place because of its natural harbour. All who visit Sydney come away with memories of seeing one of the most beautiful harbours in the world, made even more spectacularby the famous bridge and opera house.

Melbourne

Perth

The capital of Western Australia is known as the most remote capital city in the world. It lies on the west coast, between the Indian Ocean and the Great Australian Desert – nearly 3,500 kilometres from Sydney. It has a population of about one and a half million, about 90% of the population of the state.

Being so far away from the centre of Australian life, Perth is not as busy as either Sydney or Melbourne. It has retained a quiet dignity and a slow pace of life. Many of its old Victorian buildings survive to add to the charm of the city.

Brisbane

Now a thriving, though relaxed, business centre, its warmth, both in the weather and the friendliness of its people have helped to make it the… 3.Read the text again and choose the best ending for each sentence. 1. Every city has …

Vocabulary

4.Match these words from the text with the corresponding definitions.

1 remote a. very successful

2 metropolitan b. inhabitants, people living in the area, town city

3 arid c. entrance, place you go through

4 gateway d. belonging to or typical of a large city

5 greenery e. far away

6 thriving f. very dry

7 residents g. plants that make a place look attractive

 

Writing

5.Write a tourist leaflet on two cities in your country. 1 Use these notes to help you. Where is it ,(area population)? What …  

Sydney

On behalf of Boomerang Tours, welcome to Sydney. My name is Angela, and I’m your guide for today. Our driver is Paul and we will be showing you the sights of our lovely city, so sit back and enjoy yourselves.

Sydney is in the state of New South Wales. It has a population of 4 million people from 140 different countries, making us a cosmopolitan multicultural city. To your left is Great Harbour Bridge built in 1932 – a wonder of modern construction. To your right, our famous Opera House, built by Joern Utzon, in 1973, home to the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. We are now going through the business area, constructed on the site of the original settlement. To your right is the Art Gallery of New South Wales, which was built in 1874 and today houses the best collection of Australian art in the world. We are now passing the site of the first farm. Thirty hectares of lawns, gardens and exotic plants, today, our Royal Botanical Gardens. To your left, the shopping, hotel and entertainment area. As you can see, we have many theatres, cinemas, and restaurants with shows. Restaurants with shows, films and food from all over the world. We shall stop here for the afternoon to permit you to have lunch and to do some shopping. This evening we shall be going to the Opera House to see the ballet, Sleeping Beauty, and to end our evening with dancing and fun in a local disco. As you can see Sydney is an exciting city with lots to see.

2. Work in pairs, fill in the missing information and describe the places::

NameSydney

LocationNew …..

SightsGreat Harbour Bridge built in…

………. House built in ……

Art …… of New South Wales built in ….

Royal Botanical………..

Free-time theatres,………

Activities shopping, ……………….

Feelings……….. city

TEXT D

centennial – столетний, вековой

 

1. Work in pairs. Before reading the text answer the questions:

1. Have you ever seen the Statue of Liberty?

2.What does the statue have in its hand?

3. Where does the statue stand?

2. Read the text and check your answers.

THE STATUE OF LIBERTY – THE WORLD-FAMOUS ATTRACTION

One of the most famous statues in the world stands on an island in New York Harbour. This statue is, of course, the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty is a woman who holds a torch up high. Visitors can go inside the statue. The statue is so large that as many as twelve people can stand inside the torch. Many more people can stand in other parts of the statue. The statue weighs 225 tons and is 301 feet tall.

The Statue of Liberty was put up in 1886. It was a gift to the United States from the people of France. Over the years France and the United States had a special relationship. In 1776 France helped the American colonies to gain independence from England. The French wanted to do something special for the U.S. centennial, its 100^th birthday.

Laboulaye was a well-known Frenchman who admired the United States. One night at a dinner in his house, Laboulaye talked about the idea of a gift. Among Laboulaye’s guests was the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. Bartholdi thought of a statue of liberty. He offered to design the statue.

Many people contributed in some way. The French people gave money for the statue. The Americans designed and built the pedestal for the statue to stand on. The American people raised money to pay for the pedestal. The French engineer Alexander Eiffel, who was famous for his Eiffel Tower in Paris, figured out how to make the heavy statue stand.

In the years after the statue was put up, many immigrants came to the United States through New York. As they entered New York Harbor, they saw the Statue of Liberty holding up her torch. She symbolized a welcome to a land of freedom.

Vocabulary

3.Complete the sentences. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The people of France wanted to give the United States a special … .
1. gift b. torch
2. France and United States had a special … .
1. independence b. relationship
3. France helped the American colonies … independence.
1. build b. gain
4. A famous Frenchman, Laboulaye, … the United States.
1. admired b. visited
5. Frederic Bartholdi … to design the statue.
1. contributed b. offered
6. The Statue of Liberty stands on a … .
1. pedestal b. harbour

Grammar Focus: The Definite Article The with Geographical Names and Places

We use the with: the names of rivers(theNile), seas(the Black Sea), oceans( the Pacific), canals (the Panama Canal), groups of islands(the Canary Islands), mountain ranges ( theAlps), countrieswhen they include words such as state, Kingdom, republic (the United Kingdom) and the names or nouns with ‘of ’(the Leaning tower of Pisa) NOTE: theequator, the North/South Pole, the North of England, thesouth/west/north /east	We don’t use the with: the names of countries (Italy but: the Netherlands, theLebanon, theSudan, the Vatican City), cities(Paris), streets(Oxford Street, but: theHigh Street, the Strand, the Mall, theLondon Road, theA19, theM6 motorway), squares(Trafalgar Square), bridges (Tower Bridge), parks(Hyde Park), railway stations (Victoria Station), mountains (Ben Nevis), individual islands (Tahiti), lakes (Lake Geneva), continents(Africa).
the names of cinemas (theRex), hotels( the Carlton), theatres ( theGlobe), museums (the British Museum), galleries(the Tate Gallery), newspapers/magazines (theTimes butTime magazine), ships (the Mary Rose), organizations (the EU).	two-word names when the first word is the name of a person or a place(Gatwick Airport, Windsor Castle but: theWhite House)
names of pubs, restaurants, shops, banks and hotels named after people who started them and end in –s or ‘s (Lloyds Bank, Harrods, Dave’s Pub but:the Red Lion (pub)

4.Complete the sentences with the correct article.

Use a or the. If no article is necessary, write –.

Example: The statue stands on an island in – New York Harbor.

1. … Statue of … Liberty was … gift to … United States from … people of … France.

2. Over … years … France and … United States had … special relationship.

3. In … 1776 … France helped … American colonies to gain … independence from … England.

4. … French paid for … statue.

6. … American people paid for … pedestal.

6. We saw…. Buckingham Palace and …. Houses of Parliament on our tour yesterday.

7. … British Museum and … Louvre hold the collections of art treasures.

8. We’ll get off at … Waterloo Station.

5.Work in pairs. a)Look for main ideas andcircle the letter of the best answer.

1. The Statue of Liberty is a famous statue in … .

a. France b. The United States

2. The Statue of liberty was a gift … .

a. form the people of France to the USA

b. from Laboulaye and Eiffel to the USA

3. The Statue of Liberty symbolizes … .

a. a woman with a torch b. land of freedom

b)Look for details andcircle T if the sentence is true or circle F if the sentence is false.

1.Twelve people can stand inside the torch of the Statue of Liberty. T F

2.The United States helped France to gain its independence in 1776. T F

3.Alexander Eiffel was among the guests at Laboulayes’s house. T F

4.Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was a French engineer. T F

5.Alexander Eiffel figured out how to make the statue stand. T F

6.Americans designed the pedestal for the statue.

 

6.Discuss the answers to these questions with your group-mates.

1. What other famous statues or monuments can you think of?

2. When we think of New York, we think of the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. List five other cities and the buildings, statues, and places they make you think of.

3. Do you have any famous statues or monuments in your country? What are they?

Description Tips

a) first, you should give the name and location of the place, building or monument and the reason for choosing it; b) second,you should describe the…

MODULE 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Focus: Vocabulary Study: verbs to discover and to invent; science (general notion) Focus: Great Scientists: Ernest Rutherford; Zhores Alferov – Nobel Prize… Grammar focus: Uncountable nouns; the use of articles with abstract nouns

A) Archimedes in his bath

He thought and thought, but he could not find the answer. So he stopped worrying and had 5___ bath instead. Suddenly, 6___ answer came to his mind.…

B) Einstein on the tram

Albert Einstein had 1___ first idea about 2____ Theory of 3____ Relativity when he was traveling home from 4____ work on the tram in Geneva.

C) The scientist who saw the solution on a bus

3____ first discovery happened when he was riding on a bus, one evening in about 1855, thinking about other things. Suddenly, he saw 4___ atoms… 3.Fill in the gaps with the, a, or–.Underline the correct word. __ Scientists do __ lot of __ research in order to find __ cues for various diseases.

SCIENCE

2. What great discoveries and inventions have revolutionized the way we live and work?   Scienceis important to most people living in the modern world for a number of reasons. In particular, science is…

Vocabulary

to expose(to) – подвергать воздействию behavior of ions – поведение ионов x-rays – рентгеновские лучи

Ernest received his early education in Government school and at the age of 16 entered Nelson Collegiate School. In 1899 he was awarded a University scholarship and he proceeded to the University of New Zealand, Wellington, where he entered Canterbury College. He graduated M.A. in 1893 with a double first in mathematics and physical science and he continued with research at the college for a short time receiving the B.Sc. degree the following year. In 1897 he was awarded the B.A. Research Degree.

Rutherford's first researches in New Zealand were concerned with the magnetic properties of iron exposed to high-frequency oscillations and this thesis was entitled "Magnetization of Iron Frequency Discharges". He was one of the first to design highly original experiments with high-frequency alternating currents.

On his arrival at Cambridge his talents were quickly recognized by Professor Thomson. He worked jointly with Thomson on the behaviour of ions observed in gases which had been treated with x-rays. In 1898 he reported the existence of alpha and beta rays in uranium radiation and indicated some of their properties.

In Manchester, Rutherford continued his research on the properties of the radium emanation with H. Geiger, he devised a method of detecting a single alpha particle and counting the number emitted from radium. In 1910, his investigations into scattering of alpha raysand the nature of the inner structure of the atom led to the postulation of his concept of the "nucleus" his greatest contribution to physics. According to him practically the whole mass of the atom, and at the same time all positive chargeof the atom concentrated in a minute space at the centre.

An inspiring leader of the Cavendish Laboratory, he steered numerous future Nobel Prize Winners towards their great achievements. Chadwick, Blackett, Cockroff, Walton C.D. Ellis, his co-­author in 1919 and 1930, pointed out "that the majority of the experiments at the Cavendish were really started by Rutherford's direct or indirect suggestion".

Rutherford was knighted in 1914, he was appointed to the Order of Merit in 1925. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1903 and was its President from 1925 to 1930, Amongst his many honours, he was awarded D.Sc. degree of the University of New Zealand and honorary doctorates from the Universities of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Melbourne, Yale, Glasgow, Giessen, Copenhagen, Cambridge, Durhan, Oxford, Liverpool, Toronto, Bristol, Capetown, London and Leeds.

He died in Cambridge on October 19, 1937. His ashes were buried in the naveof Westminster Abbey, just west of Sir Isaac Newton's tomb and by that of Lord Kelvin.

2.Supply with the English equivalents from the text:

1. магнитные свойства
2. высококачественные колебания
3. крошечное пространство
4. высокочастотные, переменные токи
5. наблюдаемые в газах ионы
6. существование альфа и бета лучей
7. радиевое излучение

3.Read the text again to find the answer to the questions:

1. Where was Rutherford born?

2. What family did he come from?

3. Where did he receive his early education?

4. When did he continue his research?

5. What discovery did he make in New Zealand?

6. What were his greatest discoveries?

7. Which of his contributions to physics remain valid?

8. What honours did he have?

4.Use the appropriate tense forms in the Passive voice:
1. He ……..(bear) in Nelson, New Zealand in 1871.

2. In 1899 he …. …… (award) a University scholarship.

3. His first researches …. …..(concerned) with the magnetic properties of iron.

4. His talents ………( recognize) by Professor Thomson.

5. Rutherford ……(knight) in 1914 and ……(appoint to) the Order of Merit in 1925.

 

6. The scientist’s ashes … …… (bury) in Westminster Abbey.

5.Complete the sentences with the information from the text:

1. E. Rutherford was born in a family……….. . .

2. He received his early education in …………… .

3. He graduated M.A. with …………………... .

4. In 1897 he……………………… .

5. He worked jointly with Thomson on…………….. .. .

6. He devised a method of …………………. .

7. In 1914 he - and in 1925 he………………. .

8. E. Rutherford was the first to carry out experiments with……..……

9. He discovered alpha and beta rays……….…… .

10. E. Rutherford came to conclusion that the whole mass of atom ad its positive charge……….. .

6.Sum up the text using the key-words:

· Rutherford's origin

· his main interests

· his main discoveries in physics

· Rutherford's contribution to chemistry

· his honours

 

TEXT B

Vocabulary

semi-conductor – полупроводник solar cells – солнечный элемент/батарейка LED (light emitting diodes) – СИД светоизлучающий диод

A. 2000 b. 1987 c. 1971 d. 1972 e. 50 f. 10 g. 4

R & D Awards Positions occupied         6. Writing You’ve won a prize for your university project. Write a letter to your friends to tell them about it.

UNIT 9 GREAT INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS

Focus: Great Inventor: Thomas Alva Edison Grammar focus: Infinitive/Gerund Skills focus: Reading for specific information; describing personality; making a project.

TEXT C

to suck the dust – всасывать пыль

to make a fortune – заработать/получить состояние

wheel – колесо

3.Read the stories about the invention of two of these useful things and complete the blanks.

 

The man who invented this useful machine was called Hubert Cecil Booth. But the idea wasn’t completely original. In 1901, Mr. Booth saw a show at the theatre in which the ‘real’ inventor showed how to clean a room with a magic machine. The only problem was that it blew the dirt! It didn’t suck it up. It just moved it around. Everyone in the front seats started sneezing! Booth spoke to the inventor, ‘Your machine is wonderful, but it should suck not blow.’ ‘That’s not possible!’ said the angry inventor. ‘Yes, it is,’ replied Booth and he went away and made a simple change to the design. He made a machine which sucked the dust into a bag, and he made his fortune. The most famous name connected with this machine is not Booth, however. In Britain, it is Hoover, the name of one of the first companies to manufacture these machines, and we even use the name as a verb. We often say ‘I’m just going to hoover the floor,’ when we go the cupboard to get out the __________.

The most famous name connected with this useful machine is Singer. Isaac Singer did not invent the first machine of this type but he thought of an improvement to the origin design. In 1851, the first Singer _________ machines were sold. They weren’t electric, of course. You made the needle go up and down by moving a pedal with your foot. The pedal moved wheels which were connected with the needle. The Singer factory in Coventry also made bicycles and then cars because the mechanism of the wheels was very similar in all these machines.

4.Discuss in pairs the answer to the following questions:

1. Which machines are being described?

Use your general knowledge and the description to find out.

1. Do most people know the names of the people who first invented them?
2. Whose names are most connected with these machines?

Vocabulary Study: machines, gadgets, devices, appliances

5.You all know what a machine is. Look at the machines in exercise 2.

Which definition do you think is the best? Add ideas of your own.

1. A machine is something which is made by people. You don’t find it in the natural world.

2. A machine is something made by people, which has moving parts and which helps us to do useful things.

3. A machine has moving parts like wheels.

4. A machine can be operated by people, with their hands and feet, but it can also use electricity or wind or water to make its parts move.

6. Look up these words in the dictionary and explain the difference in their meanings.

Make the list of gadgets, appliances and devices known to you

equipment

facilities

gadget ( key finder, ……)

appliance ( an electric kettle, …..)

device ( a computer, ……)

Grammar Focus: Infinitives and Gerunds after prepositions

Infinitives	Gerunds
An iron is used to press clothes. You can use it to press clothes.	A remote control is used for switching to another channel. You can use it for controlling from a distance.

7.Write four questions about gadgets in your home. Then take turns asking your questions.

e. g. What is your computer used for?

 

II. Great Inventors

TEXT B

Vocabulary

courage – бесстрашие, мужество, смелость wit – разум, ум , остроумие humility – скромность

THOMAS ALVA EDISON ( 1847-1931)

THE LIGHTS STILL BURN

  1. Read the text The Lights Still Burn and a) give your idea of the author’s… b)Work in pairs, choose the title on your own.

Vocabulary

  VERB NOUN to explode fishing to have watch over something to drive money into experiments to put somebody…   4.Complete the sentences with word patterns from the box above. Mind the tense. Sometimes the scientists who…

Discussion

6.Edison often said, “ There is always some value in every trouble.”   Work in pairs think of the meaning of Edison’s words and say what, according to Edison, the value of these troubles…

Project Work

11.Work in groups of four. Suppose you are to write a film script about Edison’s life.

Say which facts you would choose for a documentary film and which episodes from Edison’s life you would select for a feature film. Say what evidence you can find in the story that:

• Edison was a true scientist;
• Edison was a great inventor;
• Edison was a great personality.

UNIT 10 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS: STUDY OF SPACE

Focus: Space Station Mir. The Hubble Telescope.

Grammar Focus: Conditional Sentences

Skills Focus: Reading for specific information about Russian and American scientific achievements in space exploration; making presentation; describing tools.

 

TEXT A

Vocabulary

artificial satellite – искусственный спутник manned flight – пилотируемый человеком

Speaking

· Is space travel useful to mankind? Why/ why not? Could the money be better used for other things? What things? Is there life on other… 6.Give a short presentation on advantages and disadvantages of space… Use the notes to help you. discoveries – know more about planets, understand stars technology – new materials…

Writing

5. A New Telescope

Your friend has a new telescope. Write a letter asking him about it.

 

1. Use these notes to help you.

The new telescope – modern, size, price

What he can see with it stars, planets, the moon

If he can take photographs – camera, connect to computer

Can you use it? – send photos

2. Include some of these words and phrases such as: how much/far, can you, connect to, through,

love to, show me.

APPENDIX

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS TO Module 1 Education, Unit 2, Task 7

 

tuxedo – смокинг

Text 1

SOCIAL LIFE

Choosing leaders is a large part of high school life. The children decide which students should direct school business and lead them in Student… For many students in American high schools, the important thing is making… restaurants, movies, or dances. One big social event that takes place in high schools is the ‘prom’ or school dance.…

Text 2

cheer – одобрительное приветствие, восклицание, аплодисменты

SPORTS IN SCHOOL

Robert’s high school basketball team is very good. They have won the most games against other high school basketball teams in their state. Robert’s… Robert’s team practices often. The team meets every day after school, and two… The games between schools are often exciting. Other students, the ones not on the team, love to watch them. They let…

Text 3

 

Pledge of Allegiance – обет/клятва верности/преданности

CEREMONIES IN SCHOOL

Every classroom has an American flag in it. From elementary to high school, students start each day by standing up and saluting the flag. They put… Homecoming At many high schools and universities there is a big football game once a year and a parade afterwards. This is called…

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS TO Module 3 Cities

TEXT A

NOVOSIBIRSK

2.Look up the underlined words and phrases in the dictionary. Make up sentences with them.   Novosibirsk is a city that prides itself on size: it is the third-largest city in Russia (the biggest city east of the…

TEXT B

 

Vocabulary

NOVOSIBIRSK

I Novosibirsk was founded in 1893. In 1993, we celebrated its 100-year anniversary. For a relatively short period of time, Novosibirsk turned from a… IIAfter the Great Socialist revolution in 1926 Novonikolayevsk was renamed… IIIThe Great Patriotic war changed dramatically the life and the economic structure of the city. Those times…

TEXT C

Museums of Novosibirsk

The Museum of Local Law presents the history and ethnography of Siberia. Some of the expositions are: A Thousand Year Panorama of Siberia, The… For over 10 years in Akademgorodok there exists a somewhat unique Museum of… The Museum of Stone is located at the International Exhibition Centre - the Siberian Fair. Main activities of the…

Grammar Focus

Read the text about the longest undergrounds in the world. Compare Novosibirsk Metro line with other undergrounds.

SOME SPOTLIGHTS

The oldest underground in continental Europe is in Budapest. It was put into operation in 1986. The Moscow underground, or Metro, was built in 1935. Today, 11 Soviet cities… The shortest interval between trains in Moscow Metro is 1 min 20 s. The longest underground route is in New York. It…

CONTENTS

Introduction. 2 UNIT 1 HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN.. 3 UNIT 2 STUDENTS’ LIFE IN THE UK (GREAT BRITAIN) 10