Приклади. - раздел Иностранные языки, Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ 1. He Has Got A Dog. 2. He Has Not Got A Dog. 3. Has He Got A Dog?
...
1. He has got a dog. 2. He has not got a dog. 3. Has he got a dog?
G Запам’ятайте!
| to have dinner (breakfast, lunch, supper)
to have a cup of tea (a cigarette, a meal, a drink)
to have a shower (a bath, a sleep, a rest, a talk, a chat)
to have a good time
|
Вправа 4. Поставте дієслово to be в Present, Past або Future Indefinite Tense.
1. I ___ a student. 2. They ___ absent at the institute last Friday. 3. My father ___ not a teacher, he ___ a scientist. 4. ___ your aunt a doctor? – Yes, she ___. 5. ___ they ___ at home tonight? 6. We ___ busy the whole day yesterday. 7. My brother ___ a worker. He ___ at work. 8. I hope that the test results ___ positive. 9. All the exercises at the last lesson ___ easy. 10. ___ you an engineer? – Yes, I ___. 11. Yesterday the weather ___ very cold. 12. ___ your brother at school? – Yes, he ___. 13. ___ this your watch? — Yes, it ___. 14. I ___ very tired when I came home yesterday. 15. She ___ an actress. 16. These ___ our bicycles. 17. Peter and Jim ___ at home when I called on them the other day.
Вправа 5. Заповніть пропуски необхідними формами дієслова to have.
1. My brother ___ dark hair now, but when he was a child he ___ rather fair hair. 2. Let’s go to the party. We ___ a good time there. 3. I want to call him. ___ you ___ his telephone number? 4. I ___ a terrible headache. 5. We couldn’t get the concert tickets yesterday because we ___ (not) enough money.
3.5. Домашнє завдання
Вправа 6. Перекладіть речення англійською, використовуючи конструкцію There is ... There are ....
1. На наступній сторінці є графік (a chart) цієї функції. 2. В телефонному довіднику немає Вашого номеру. 3. В США багато міст з однаковими назвами. 4. На другому поверсі є 2 великі аудиторії. 5. В моїй машині намає пального. 6. Є тільки один вихід з цієї ситуації. 7. Існує багато робіт з цього питання. 8. Нема про що хвилюватись. 9. Вчора був гарний концерт. 10. З цим пристроєм не буде ніяких проблем.
Вправа 7. Поставте дієслова to be, to have в Present, Past або Future Indefinite.
1. My father ___ a teacher. 2. He ___ a pupil twenty years ago. 3. He ___ a doctor when he grows up. 4. My sister ___ not ___ at home tomorrow. 5. She ___ at school tomorrow. 6. ___ you ___ at home tomorrow? 7. ___ your father at work yesterday? 8. My sister ___ ill last week. 9. She ___ not ill now. 10. Yesterday we ___ at the theatre. 11. Where ___ your mother now? – She ___ in the kitchen. 12. Where ___ you yesterday? – I ___ at the cinema. 13. When I come home tomorrow, all my family ___ at home. 14. We ___ a really good time yesterday. 15. ___ you ___ time to go to the stadium with me tomorrow? 16. We usually ___ lunch at the canteen. 17. He ___ three lessons every day.
Вправа 8. Напишіть та вивчіть автобіографію (7–10 речень).
Lesson 4. Outstanding Scientists
4.1. Усна тема. Біографія видатної людини
D.I. Mendeleyev (1834–1907)
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev is a famous Russian chemist. He is best known for his development of the periodic table of the properties of the chemical elements. This table displays that elements’ properties change periodically when they are arranged according to atomic weight.
Mendeleyev was born in 1834 in Tobolsk, Siberia. He studied chemistry at the University of St. Petersburg, and in 1859 he was sent to study at the University of Heidelberg. Mendeleyev returned to St. Petersburg and became Professor of Chemistry at the Technical Institute in 1863. He became Professor of General Chemistry at the University of St. Petersburg in 1866. Mendeleyev was a well-known teacher, and, because there was no good textbook in chemistry at that time, he wrote the two-volume “Principles of Chemistry” which became a classic textbook in chemistry. In this book Mendeleyev tried to classify the elements according to their chemical properties. In 1869 he published the first version of his periodic table of elements. In 1871 he published an improved version of the periodic table, in which he left gaps for elements that were not known at that time. His table and theories were proved later when three predicted elements: gallium, germanium, and scandium were discovered.
Mendeleyev investigated the chemical theory of solution. He found out that the best proportion of alcohol and water in vodka is 40%. He also investigated the thermal expansion of liquids and the nature of petroleum.
In 1893 he became the director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg and held this position until his death in 1907.
Вправа 1. Знайдіть у словнику переклад слів і словосполучень:
a property; two-volume; a gap; to investigate; germanium; expansion; to prove; to improve; to predict; liquid; solution; Bureau of Weights and Measures.
Вправа 2. Викристовуючи моделі, складіть розповідь про Менделєєва.
___ was born in ___ (year) in ___ (place) in the family of ___.
He studied ___ (subject) at ___ (institution).
He worked as a ___ (position) at ___ (institution).
He invented ___.
He discovered ___.
He is also famous for ___.
He died in ___.
☺ З великими людьми теж трапляються кумедні історії.
· In the period that Einstein was active as a professor, one of his students came to him and said: “The questions of this year’s exam are the same as last years’!” “True,” Einstein said, “but this year all answers are different.”
· Albert Einstein, who fancied himself as a violinist, was rehearsing a Haydn string quartet. When he failed for the fourth time to get his entry in the second movement, the cellist looked up and said, “The problem with you, Albert, is that you simply can’t count.”
· One student in Rutherford’s lab was very hard-working. Rutherford had noticed it and asked one evening:
– Do you work in the mornings too?
– Yes, – proudly answered the student sure he would be commended.
– But when do you think? – amazed Rutherford.
Прочитайте біографії інших видатних людей (див. Appendix I).
4.2. Письмові завдання
Вправа 3. Запишіть декілька фактів з біографії будь-якого вченого. Приклади виконання завдання.
___ was born in ___ (city / country) in ___ (year) / on ___ (date). He studied at ___ (school). He was good at ___ (subjects). At the age of ___ he entered ___ (institute). His greatest discovery was ___ . He was also interested in ___ (fields of science). He was married to ___ (name). He had ___ (children). He died in ___ (year).
4.3. Граматика. Числівники. Прийменники
4.3.1. Числівники
Утворення кількісних числівників
Другий десяток: закінчення -teen – 13 – 19 (thirteen ... nineteen).
Десятки: закінчення -ty – 20 – 90 (twenty ... ninety).
Тризначні числівники утворюються за зразком: 356 – three hundred and fifty-six.
Кожні три розряди чисел (справа наліво) відокремлюються комою: 2,437; 5,789,240.
Утворення порядкових числівників
Закінчення -th – sixth, thirteenth, twenty-fourth.
Виняток: 1st – the first, 2nd – the second, 3rd – the third.
G Запам’ятайте!
У числівників five and twelve букви ve змінюються на f – fifth, twelfth; до числівника eight додається лише буква h – eighth; у числівника nine пропускається остання буква -e–ninth; у числівників, що позначають десятки, кінцева буква y змінюється на ie: twenty – twentieth, fifty – fiftieth.
Роки читаються так:
1989 – nineteen eighty-nine
1905 – nineteen [ou] five
1700 – seventeen hundred
2005 – two thousand five (twenty hundred and five)
Дати: 14 січня – the fourteenth of January, January the fourteenth
14-го січня – on the fourteenth of January
G Запам’ятайте як читаються дати та час!
1.01.1984 – on the first of January nineteen eighty-four;
в 1741 году – in seventeen forty-one;
о 5–30 – at half past five;
о сьомій годині дванадцять хвилин – at twelve minutes past seven;
без п’ятнадцяти шість – at a quarter to six.
G Запам’ятайте як читаються дробові числа!
1/2 – a half; 1/3 – one third (of an apple); 2/5 – two fifths (of an apple).
G Запам’ятайте як читаються математичні операції та функції!
| + – plus
|  – n-th root of
|
| - – minus
|  – square root of
|
| * – times; multiplied by
|  – cube root of
|
| / – divided by
| 52 – five squared
|
| = – is; equals; is equal to
| 53 – five cubed
|
| f(x) – f of x
| 75 – seven to the fifth power
|
Вправа 4. Запишіть числівники англійською мовою.
9, 11, 20, 33, 45, 89, 100, 400, 721, 999, 1535, 276498, 3100001.
Вправа 5. Перекладіть словосполучення англійською мовою.
третій рік; дев’ятий день; тринадцята школа; тридцять друга книга; сорок третій дім; сьоме березня 1900р.; двадцяте січня 2000р.; двадцять третє грудня 2002р.; він народився 1 лютого 1985р.; вiн приїхав 21 травня 2003р.
☺ Smile!
· Teacher: Name 6 animals which live specifically in the Arctic.
Pupil: Two polar bears and four seals.
· What is the difference between an amateur programmer and a professional one? – An amateur thinks that 1 kilobyte is 1000 bites. A professional thinks that 1 kilometer is 1024 meters.
Все темы данного раздела:
Introducing people Представлення людей
Let me introduce myself. My name is D.
Дозвольте відрекомендуватись. Мене звати Д.
May I introduce Mr. N.? Allow me to introduce Mr. N
Вживання
· Живі істоти
Однина
Множина
The man’s bag
The men’s bags
The boy’s bic
Young Organist
Back in 2002, when former church organist David Christianson purchased an Oberlinger organ for his home, he thought maybe he would play from time to time to relax. But, as it turns out, he can’t do
Teen Scientist Gets High Honor from Obamas
Li Boynton, 18, a senior at Bellaire High School, says meeting the president and first lady in White House will top the stack of academic honors she has accumulated.
In the fifth grade, Li
Прийменники
Передача українських відмінків за допомогою англійських прийменників
Відмінок в українській мові
Прийменники в англійській мові
MY HOBBY
What is a hobby? It is what you can and like to do, when you have free time. We choose a hobby according to our character and taste. When we have a hobby, our life becomes more interesting. Very of
An Unusual Hobby
Hi, I’m Ron Hawker. I started riding the unicycle when I was 11 years old. My mother gave me a unicycle as a Christmas present. I have never been a good athlete, so it took me a long time to learn
Travelling by Air
G Active Vocabulary:
to travel – подорожувати; to fly – літати; a flight – peйc; to catch a plane – встигнути на літак; to miss a plane – запізнитись на літак; to board a
Some Murphy Laws For Frequent Flyers
· No flight ever leaves on time unless you are running late and need the delay to make the flight.
· If you are running late for a flight, it will depart from the farthest gate within the
Типи речень
В англійській мові виділяють 4 типи речень.
1) Стверджувальне:
The students work in the laboratory twice a week.
2) Заперечне
Dialogue at a booking office
– Good afternoon. Can I help you?
– Hello, I’d like to book a ticket to Kiev.
– What date do you want to leave?
– On the 25th of November.
– Single or
The Benefits of a Cruise Holiday
G Active Vocabulary:
to be faced – стикатись; prospect – перспектива; quandary – скрутне становище; available – що є в наявності; span – короткий відрізок часу; itinerary
Форма питального речення
Will I (he, you, we, they, my friend) study at the University next year?
Таблиця часових форм дієслова наведена у додатку (Appendix III).
Going Through the Customs
Знайдіть в тексті та вивчіть наведені нижче слова і словосполучення.
Here is my passport (visa, health certificate, certificate of vaccination, declaration form). Have you
The Past Continuous Tense (Минулий тривалий час)
Випадки вживання
Приклади
a) Тривала дія, яка відбувається в деякий момент часу в минулому (at 5 o’clock yesterday – о п’ятій годині в
The Procedure of Telephoning
Telephoning is very simple. You look up the necessary number in the telephone directory; then you pick up the receiver and wait for the signal (buzz, buzzing sound). Next you make the
Telephone Conversation
– Stanley Hydraulic Tools. Can I help you? – I’d like to speak to Mr. Warner, please. – Mr. Warner? What is your name, please? – This is Boris Frolov, from HM Systems. – Would you spell your name,
Interesting Facts about Telephones
· Valdemar Poulsen, the Danish telephone engineer and inventor, patented what he called a “telegraphone” in 1898. The telegraphone was the first practical apparatus for magnetic sound recording and
The Past Perfect Tense (Минулий перфектний час)
Випадки вживання
Приклади
a) Дія, яка закінчилась до деякого моменту у минулому (by 5 o’clock yesterday – до 5 години вчора).
Room amenities
· Private Bathroom / Shower
· Satellite TV Channels
· Hair Dryer
· Telephone
· Mini-Bar / Fridge
Some Tips on Staying at a Hotel
When travelling, people almost always stay at hotels. It is advisable, therefore, to remember the following:
1. The first thing to do is to book a room in advance either by letter, telepho
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Минулий перфектно-тривалий)
Випадки вживання
Приклади
Незавершена дія, яка почалась у минулому і триває до певного часу у минулому. Зазвичай вказується інтервал ч
Crossing your Fingers
Many western cultures make this gesture when wishing for good luck. A hand with the index and middle fingers crossed is even the logo for the UK’s National Lottery. In Vietnam, however, this is an
Here are some final tips for travellers
· In France you shouldn’t sit down in a cafe until you’ve shaken hands with everyone you know.
· In Afghanistan you should spend at least five minutes saying hello.
· In Pakistan
Five Subatomic Particles in a Nutshell
Ancient Greeks philosopher Leucippus and his pupil Democritus first spoke out the idea that all substances consisted of invisible “atomos,” or atoms, as we know them today. They believed these atom
Заперечна форма
Заперечна частка not ставиться після першого допоміжного дієслова.
The letter is not written (every day).
The letter was
Вправа 6. Передайте речення у Passive Voice.
1. They broke the window last week. 2. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 3. We will do the work in the evening. 4. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 5. They were playing tennis fro
Прочитайте текст.
What is Classical Physics?
Classical physics is a branch of physics in which matter and energy are two separate concepts. Based primarily on Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of mot
Приклади утворення
Звичайний ступінь
Порівняльний ступінь
Найвищий ступінь
big
bigger
the biggest
Приклади
He is in the farthest corner of the garden. – Він у самому дальньому куточку саду.
Further information will be given later. – Наступну інформацію Ви отримаєте пізніше.
He is 5 yea
Industry, Science and Education in Kharkov
The city of Kharkiv was founded over 350 years ago at the crossroads of major transportation routes. It has now become one of Ukraine’s largest centres for science, industry and culture.
T
Прочитайте текст.
What is Fiber Optics?
Fiber optic technology allows humans to control the path of a beam of light by confining it within ductile, transparent materials, like cords of plas
Some Interesting Facts About Australia
· The black box flight recorder for aircraft was invented in Australia in 1958 by the Aeronautical research scientist David Warren.
· The first official world surfing championship was held
London Museums and Art Galleries
G Active Vocabulary:
a fortress – фортеця; a manuscript – рукопис; contemporary – сучасний; armour – лати; twofold – подвійний; garrison – гарнізон; custody – зберігання.
Universities in Great Britain
There are 46 universities in Britain. The oldest and best-known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Bristol, and Birmingham. Oxford &
Вправа 8. Розгадайте кросворд.
c
&n
Los Angeles
Los Angeles, Spanish for “The Angels”, is the most populous city in California and the second largest in the United States, after New York City, with a population of 3.8 million, on a land a
The Fascinating World of Crystals
Just what are crystals? A crystal is an organized grouping of atoms, or molecules. Each crystal has different properties and shapes. For example, sugar crystals are oblong and slanted at the ends;
Harvard University
G Active Vocabulary:
prominent – видатний; distinctly – виразно; outlook – світогляд; clergy – духовенство; scope – масштаб; to diversify – урізноманітнювати; to command r
The Black Sea Pollution
The story about the Black Sea pollution starts like almost any other pollution story. Once, about half a decade ago, the Black Sea had very rich and diverse marine ecosystems. It also had major eco
Приклади.
He said that
he often went to the skating rink.
he had gone the skating rink the last week.
he would go to the
Вправа 3. Передайте речення непрямою мовою.
1. The teacher explained, “In fact every hydraulic system can be reduced to a simple pump-motor system”. 2. The expert said, “Laser cutting is excellent at processing different materials”. 3. The r
Land Pollution
A: You know, lots of people in the world think it’s important to live green.
B: Yes, but some of them are not aware of how much pollution exists.
A: So, do you know
Eat Organic
· When you eat organic foods, you are supporting farmers that do not use pesticides which are harmful to the environment.
· Organic foods will cost a bit more, but they are better both for
Global warming
Today our planet is warming. Some impacts from increasing temperatures are already happening: ice is melting worldwide, especially at the Earth’s poles; the number of penguins on Antarctica
Overpopulation
With the number of people on the globe over 7 billion, the impact of human populations on the environment has been severe. Every year, more than 81 million people add the world-wide populati
Cruise Liners Are Contaminating Our Oceans
Luxury cruise liners that carry millions of passengers to remote corners of the globe are polluting the seas and endangering marine life. The new super-liners, which can accommodate u
Planet Earth Is 4,600 Million Years Old
If we pretend that our planet is like a person, we can compare the Earth with a man of 46 years of age. Nothing is ___ about the first 7 years of this person’s life, and very little ___ can be foun
Bees Are in Danger
Since the 1980s, beekeepers and observers of nature have been noticing that bees are disappearing, particularly in Europe and the United States. The phenomenon reached a peak during the winter of 2
Вправа 4. Передайте непрямою мовою.
1. Mike hasn’t come to school today. – The teacher says that Mike hasn’t сотe to school today. 2. Are you going anywhere for the weekend? – Tom asked me ___. 3. I’m really angry with
My family
Satomi (Japan)
There are five members in my family: my mom, dad, grandmother, brother and myself. My dad works for a golf company. My mom is a housewife. My brother is majoring in tourism
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He enjoyed classical music and played the violin. One story Einstein liked to tell about his childhood was of a wonder he saw when he was four or five y
Marie Curie
Marie Sklodowska-Curie, one of the few people to win two Noble Prizes in different fields, was one of the most significant researchers of radiation and its effects as a pioneer of radiology. Until
George and Robert Stephensons
George Stephenson won world-wide acclaim with his “Rocket” but he said that much of the credit belonged to his son Robert. Robert supervised the building of the “Rocket”, and later improved
Thomas Alve Edison
G Active Vocabulary:
his teacher thought him very stupid – вчитель вважав його дуже дурним; boxed his ear – сильно вдарив його у вухо: on the track – на рельсах.
Boarding and accommodation on board
· Find out if the class of the car you are boarding is in the front, middle or rear of the train and stay on the platform accordingly. Ask the staff on the platform. In some countries, stations are
Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering
Nuclear Science and Engineering is an intellectually exciting and socially important discipline, supporting a wide range of applications.
Our department presently consists of 28 faculty an
The Department of Chemistry
Each year some 170 chemists graduate after a four-year course which includes a year of research and about 80 graduates receive doctorates.
The Oxford Chemistry course is second to none in
The Department of Physics at the Cavendish Laboratory
The Cavendish Laboratory was founded in 1871, along with the appointment of James Clerk Maxwell as the first Cavendish Professor. It has a distinguished intellectual history, with 29 Nobel prizewin
School Life for a British Boy (Written by Erik)
My School is a mixed 11–18 school. There are about 1,150 students in my school, including 200 in the sixth form. It is called a Technology College and specializes in Computers and Maths. My school
A Dying Technology
Incinerators and landfills are both attempts to answer the question, “what do we do with waste?” Over the last century, governments have invested billions of dollars in increasingly
Spray-On Solar-Power Cells Are True Breakthrough
Scientists have invented a plastic solar cell that can turn the sun’s power into electrical energy, even on a cloudy day. The plastic material uses nanotechnology and contains the first sola
Electrical Sweaters
The new material could make technology truly wireless. Sargent said that the plastic coating could be woven into a shirt or sweater and used to charge an item like a cell phone.
“A
Choose one of the options.
1. Fossil fuels were formed from ____.
a) ancient plants and animals b) carbon c) water
2. Chemically fossil fuels are ___.
a) compounds of oxygen b) acids c) hydrocarbon
Choose one of the options.
1. Refraction is the process of natural ___ of light.
a) shining b) dissolution c) bending
2. When light passes through a prism, one can see different ___.
a) pictures b)
Choose one of the options.
1. Most metals are extracted from ___.
a) ore b) ear c) air
2. Ore always contains ___.
a) all the chemical elements b) some impurities c) only pure metal
3. To
Choose one of the options.
1. A mouse is ___.
a) a computer virus b) a system software c) an input device
2. Early computers used ___ cards to receive data.
a) punched b) playing c) credit
Choose one of the options.
1. A computer addict is a person who ___.
a) writes computer programmes b) spends most of his time at a computer
c) can add well
2. The most important things for computer
Choose one of the options.
1. Cooled lava formed many ___.
a) cities b) islands c) continents
2. Molten rock deep below the Earth’s crust is called ___.
a) enigma b) sigma c) magma
3. Volc
Choose one of the options.
1. The first successful flight over Mars was performed ___.
a) in the late 1960s b) last year c) at the beginning of 20th century
2. Observations proved that Mars is __
Choose one of the options.
1. An electric car is powered by ___.
a) an electric motor b) a diesel engine c) an internal combustion engine
2. Batteries are recharged ___.
a) only at service stations
Speech Patterns
There are
many species of insects.
Існує багато видів комах.
many species of insects
in
Speech patterns
It is him who
invented this machine.
Саме він винайшов цю машину.
It is the helmet that
saved my life.
Speech Patterns
It is important
for him
to know these laws
Йому важливо знати ці закони.
It is necessary
to rev
Speech Patterns
either ... or
або ... або
You may choose to study either English or French.
Ви можете вибрати, що вивчати – або англійську, або французьку.
Speech Patterns
He
appeared
to have forgotten my address.
Виявилось, що він забув мою адресу.
seems
Здається, в
Speech Patterns
The years to come
Наступні роки
The words to remember
Слова, що треба запам’ятати
The things to d
Speech Patterns
He
is anything but
lazy.
Він далеко не ледащий.
It
pleasant.
Це зовсім не приємно.
Speech Patterns
If it were not for X ... we would ...
Якби не Х, ми б ...
If it were not for hope, the heart would break.
Якби не надія,
Speech Patterns
I will
get round to
it.
Я якось займусь цим.
I can never
see her.
Я ніяк не можу в
Speech patterns
He is well on his way to
mastering English.
Він далеко просунувся у вивченні англійської.
recovery.
Він скор
Speech Patterns
The more ..., the more ...
Чим ..., тим ...
The faster you drive, the more petrol the car uses.
Чим швидше ви їдете, тим
Speech Patterns
However
Однак
Although
Хоча; незважаючи на те, що
In fact
Насправді, фактично
Length Conversion
UK/USA unit
Metric (SI) unit
Metric (SI) unit
UK/USA unit
Inch
2.54 centimeters
Ce
AreaConversion
UK /USA unit
Metric (SI) unit
Metric (SI) unit
UK /USA unit
Acre
0.40 hectare
Hect
Навчальне видання
ЛАЗАРЄВА Ольга Ярославна
КОВТУН Олена Олександрівна
МЕЛЬНИК Світлана Семенівна
English
Новости и инфо для студентов