UNIT 9
Регулярных, повторяющихся действий в прошлом
My parents took me to the seaside every summer when I was little.
Мои родители возили меня на море каждое лето, когда я была маленькой.
Однократных действий в прошлом
Маркерами Past Simple являются:
a) обстоятельства времени с … ago – 2 days ago, 5 months ago, a century ago.
b) обстоятельства времени с … last – last week, last month, last year, last summer.
c) обстоятельства времени с указанием на тот год, когда произошло действие – in 2005.
Tom married Ann 5 years ago.
Том женился на Энн 5 лет назад.
3.действий в прошлом, следовавших одно за другим
She got up, went up to the window and looked out.
Она встала, подошла к окну и выглянула из него.
4.действий в прошлом в специальных вопросах, начинающихся с “when”
When did you buy this dress?
Когда ты купила это платье?
Образование pAST simple
Все глаголы английского языка делятся на правильные и неправильные. Past Simple правильных глаголов в утвердительных предложениях образуется путем прибавления к ним окончания –ed.
Окончание –ed читается как:
| [d] если глагол оканчивается на гласный или звонкий согласный звук play – played open - opened | [t] если глагол оканчивается на глухой согласный звук work – worked wash - washed | [id] если глагол оканчивается на звук [t] или [d] decide – decided translate - translated |
Для образования Past Simple в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях используется вспомогательный глагол did.
| число / лицо | Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
| 1 л. ед. ч. 2 л. ед. ч. 3л. ед. ч. 1 л. мн. ч. 2 л. мн. ч. 3 л. мн. ч. | I worked You worked He worked She worked It worked We worked You worked They worked | I did not work You did not work He did not work She did not work It did not work We did not work You did not work They did not work | Did I work? Did you work? Did he work? Did she work? Did it work? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work? |
Past Simple неправильных глаголов необходимо выучить:
| Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Participle II | Перевод |
| to be [biː] to become [bɪ'kʌm] to begin [bɪ'gɪn] to break [breɪk] to bring [brɪŋ] to build [bɪld] to buy [baɪ] to choose [ʧuːz] to come [kʌm] to cost [kɔst] to do [duː] to drink [drɪŋk] to drive [draɪv] to eat [iːt] to fall [fɔːl] to feel [fiːl] to find [faɪnd] to fly [flaɪ] to forget [fə'get] to get [get] to give [gɪv] to go [gəu] to have [həv] to hear [hɪə] to know [nəu] to learn [lɜːn] to leave [liːv] to lose [luːz] to make [meɪk] to meet [miːt] to put [put] to read [riːd] to run [rʌn] to say [seɪ] to see [siː] to sell [sel] to send [send] to show [ʃəu] to sit [sɪt] to sleep [sliːp] to speak [spiːk] to spend [spend] to swim [swɪm] to take [teɪk] to teach [tiːʧ] to tell [tel] to think [θɪŋk] to understand [ˌʌndə'stænd] to write [raɪt] | was[wɔz], were [wɜː] became [bɪ'keɪm] began [bɪ'gæn] broke [brəuk] brought [brɔːt] built [bɪlt] bought [bɔːt] chose [ʧəuz] came [keɪm] cost [kɔst] did [dɪd] drank [dræŋk] drove [drəuv] ate [et] fell [fel] felt [felt] found [faund] flew [fluː] forgot [fə'gɔt] got [gɔt] gave [geɪv] went [went] had [hæd] heard [hɜːd] knew [njuː] learnt [lɜːnt] left [left] lost [lɔst] made [meɪd] met [met] put [put] read [red] ran [ræn] said [sed] saw [sɔː] sold [səuld] sent [sent] showed [ʃəud] sat [sæt] slept [slept] spoke [spəuk] spent [spent] swam [swæm] took [tuk] taught [tɔːt] told [təuld] thought [θɔːt] understood [ˌʌndə'stud] wrote [rɔut] | been [biːn] become [bɪ'kʌm] begun [bɪ'gʌn] broken ['brəukn] brought [brɔːt] built [bɪlt] bought [bɔːt] chosen ['ʧəuzn] come [kʌm] cost [kɔst] done [dʌn] drunk [drʌŋk] driven ['drɪvn] eaten ['iːtn] fallen ['fɔːlən] felt [felt] found [faund] flown [fləun] forgotten [fə'gɔtən] got [gɔt] given [gɪvən] gone [gɔn] had [hæd] heard [hɜːd] known [nəun] learnt [lɜːnt] left [left] lost [lɔst] made [meɪd] met [met] put [put] read [red] run [rʌn] said [sed] seen [siːn] sold [səuld] sent [sent] shown [ʃəun] sat [sæt] slept [slept] spoken ['spəukn] spent [spent] swum [swʌm] taken ['teɪkn] taught [tɔːt] told [təuld] thought [θɔːt] understood [ˌʌndə'stud] written ['rɪtən] | быть становиться начинать(ся) ломать приносить строить покупать выбирать приходить стоить делать пить везти есть, кушать падать чувствовать (себя) находить летать забывать получать; давать идти; ехать иметь слышать знать учиться; узнавать покидать, оставлять терять делать, создавать встречать(ся) класть, ставить читать бежать сказать; говорить видеть продавать посылать, отправлять показывать сидеть спать говорить, разговаривать тратить; проводить (время) плавать брать, взять учить, обучать сказать, рассказывать думать понимать писать |
СТРУКТУРА ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ В PAST SIMPLE
Cтруктура повествовательного предложения
| П |
| Ск |
| Доп |
| Об-во |
| He | translated | the book | last year. | |
| wrote | ||||
Структура отрицательного предложения
| П |
| Ск |
| Доп |
| Об-во |
всп.гл. not смысл. гл.
| He | did not translate | the book | last year. |
| did not write |
Структура вопросительного предложения
Общий вопрос
| Всп. гл. | П | Ост/ч Ск | Доп | Об-во | ||
| Did | he | translate | the book | last year? | ||
| write | ||||||
Make the sentences negative and interrogative.
1. Mr Black fixed his car yesterday morning 2. His wife watered plants in the garden. 3. Their children cleaned the yard. 4. In the evening they watched TV. 5. The little girl cried and then smiled. 6.Mrs Blackworked in the kitchen. 7.She baked a delicious apple pie. 8. She cooked tomato soup. 9. After dinner she washed the dishes. 10. The children brushed their teeth. 11.MrsBlack talked on the phone. 12.Mr. Black smoked a cigarette. 13.They visited their friends two days ago. 14.They danced a lot there.
Структура Специального вопроса
Специальный вопрос
| Вопр. сл. | Всп. гл. | П | Ост/ч Ск | Доп | Об-во | |||
| What | did | he | translate | – | last year? | |||
| write | ||||||||
Вопрос к подлежащему
| Вопр.сл. | Ск | Доп | Об-во |
| Who | translated | books | last year? |
| wrote |
EXERCISES
1. Read the verbs in the Past Simple observing the rule of reading –ed.
packed, translated, watched, clapped, divided, ruled, brushed, cleaned, worked, banned, fixed, decided, finished, worked, cried, shouted, changed, voted, smoked, danced, decided, cooked, completed, managed, enjoyed, listened, waited, baked, rented, dropped, visited, opened, planted, boxed, phoned, played, smiled, watered, prepaired, combed, explained, provided, talked, stayed, started, fried, washed, peeled
Put the words in the right sequence and make the sentences negative.
1. /the dishes/she/after supper/washed/ .
2. /started /the train /at 9 pm/ .
3. /a lot /smoked /at the party /they/ .
4. /happened/at 3 o’clock in the morning/in the South China sea/the accident/ .
5. /gathered/in the street/yesterday/a big crowd of people / .
6. /jogged/last morning/in the park/Peter/ .
7. /to her sister/when/ Sue/talked/arrived/she/ .
8. /opened/the new text/they/translated/and/their textbooks/ .
9. /for a visa/she/to France/and/wanted/applied/to go/ .
10. /finished/his bicycle/repairing/yesterday/evening/Rob/ .
11. /accepted/and/I/with pleasure/my friend/the invitation/to the theatre/invited/ .
Fill in the blanks with the Past Simple of the regular verbs from the list.
listen to, decide, enjoy, talk, cook, start, gather, arrive, pack, fix up, collect, unpack, bake, play, observe, bathe, pick
Last weekend my friends and I 1) ….. to go camping. We 2) ….. tents, sleeping bags, food and drinks for our camping holiday. We 3) ….. early on Saturday morning. When we 4) ….. at the campsite we 5) ….. the car. After that 3 of us 6) ….. the tents and the others 7) ….. wood for the campfire. After that we 8) ….. in the nearby pine tree wood. The girls 9) ….. flowers and we 10) ….. mushrooms. Then we 11) ….. a delicious mushroom soup and 12) ….. potatoes under the coals. In the evening, Nick 13) ….. the guitar and everybody 14) ….. his songs. We 15) ….. the stars in the black sky and 13) ….. . about space flights. We ….. our camping holiday very much.
Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple
Tommy Brown lives in a small village and works on a farm near his village. Tommy is a real story-teller. But no one believes what he says because he is always telling lies. Here is one of his stories:
“One night last week I 1) ….. (finish) work late. I 2) ….. (decide) to go home. But suddenly I 3) ….. (look) up. and 4) ….. (notice) a UFO with bright flashing lights. I 5) ….. (watch) the UFO for some time. Then it 6) ….. (land) in the field near the farm. A few green men 7) ….. (look) at me from the UFO’s illuminators. I 8) ….. (scream), 9) ….. (drop) my bag and 10) ….. (rush away). When I 11) ….. (arrive) at the village I 12) …..(start) telling the villagers the amazing story but they all 13) ….. (laugh) at me. No one 14) …... (believe) me.”
Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple.
Many years ago people 1) ….. (believe) that some women were witches. These women 2) ….. (not/live) in big cities. They 3) ….. (live) in small villages. They 4) ….. (behave) strangely because they 5) ….. (not/act) like other people. They 6) ….. (treat) people with unusual medicine which they 7) ….. (prepare) from plants. They also 8) ….. (travel) on brooms. Do you believe in witches?
Solomon Grandy
Solomon Grandy born on Monday,
christened on Tuesday,
married on wednesday,
ill on thurthday,
worse on friday,
died on saturday,
burried on sunday
that’s the end of solomon grangy.