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Casting

Casting - раздел Иностранные языки, АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК Casting Is The Oldest Method Of Forming Metals. Basically It Consists Of Melt...

Casting is the oldest method of forming metals. Basically it consists of melting and pouring liquid metal into a cavity of the desired size and shape and allowing the metal to solidify. There are no limitations of the size of castings that can be made. Many metals which cannot be hot-forged or cold-formed can be easily cast. Also the complexity of castings is almost unlimited.

Castings are made in foundries. Iron foundries are of two kinds those that remelt pig iron and make grey iron or chilled iron (generally called grey iron foundries), and those that remelt iron of such composition that the resulting castings (called hard castings) have a white structure. These hard castings are then subjected to a special heat treatment to make them malleable and tough. Such plants are called malleable-iron foundries. Steel castings are made in similar manner from steel and are known as steel castings.

Many different processes are used for production of cast parts, and casting methods are generally classified in terms of materials used to make the mold. Thus we speak of sand casting, permanent mold casting in which a metal mold is used, die casting which also uses a metal mold, and several others.

For ordinary iron castings the molds are made by shaping sand around a pattern, which is a piece of wood or metal shaped like the desired casting. The pattern is then removed and the metal is poured into its place. Casting gives a rough surface to the metal which for many purposes must be smoothed by machining. This may be done by the process known as die casting.

In this process the molten metal or alloy is forced into a special die by means of pressure. The result of forcing the molten metal into a die under pressure is to produce a casting with a smooth surface and accurate dimensions. This process is used extensively on aluminium alloys and zink alloys for making small parts.

 

Дополнительные слова и словосочетания:

1) chilled casting – закаленная отливка

2) die casting – литье под давлением

3) forge, v – ковать

4) in terms of – зд. по

5) remelt , v – переплавлять

6) smooth, a – гладкий

7) wood, n – дерево, древесина

 

IX. Прочтите текст и дайте краткое содержание текста в 4-х предложениях.

 

X. Укажите предложения, которые соответствуют содержанию текста.

1. Quenching gives maximum hardness and strength and reduces grain size and ductility.

2. It is important to know that tensile strength of gray iron is highly dependent on cross-sectional dimensions.

3. Gray iron is less weldable than low-carbon steel.

4. Casting gives a rough surface to the metal which for many purposes must be smoothed by machining.

5. Application for titanium castings are broadening.

6. Wrought iron has low carbon and low manganese content.

 

XI. Расскажите, как изготавливают опоку из формовочной земли. Какие виды отливок вы можете назвать?

 

XII. Определите, о каких из перечисленных ниже фактах можно узнать из текста.

1. Методы литья классифицируются в зависимости от используемых материалов.

2. Сварочное железо – черный металл с небольшим содержанием шлака.

3. Сталь содержит меньше примесей по сравнению с литейным чугуном.

4. Для производства слитков используется много различных процессов.

5. Передельный чугун – один из самых важных материалов, производимых металлургической промышленностью.

 

XIII. В соответствии с содержанием текста заполните пропуски.

1. Steel castings are made in … from steel and are known as steel castings.

a) a cupola;

b) a similar manner;

c) iron foundries.

2. Many metals which cannot be hot-forged or cold-formed can be …

a) easily remelted;

b) formed by drawing;

c) easily cast.

3. There are no limitations … of castings that can be made.

a) of the composition;

b) of the size;

c) of the carbon content.

 

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