VOCAPULARY NOTES

Все темы данного раздела:

Possible variants
1. This is more like a word for word translation than a literary one. 2. It is more like a fable than a fairy tale. 3. The fabric looks more like cotton than

Possible variants
1. If only the weather were better! - Oh, yes! Then we would go on a walking tour for a week or so. 2. In two days I’ll finish my exams. - Oh, thank God! It will

Exercise 5, pp. 8 -9
A.In spring on our way back to Moscow we happened to pass (by) a small town. It was more like a big village than a town, all its houses were smothered in roses an

VOCABULARY NOTES
1. gossipn 1) (неисчисляемое сущ.) болтовня, разговоры; сплетня (сплетни), слух (слухи), россказни, толки; светская хроника (в газете)

WORD COMBINATIONS AND PHRASES
in early June - в начале июня to put up at some place - остановиться в каком-л. месте (в гостинице и т.п.) to roam the woods/through the woods (about a place) -

Exercise 4, p. 14
1. In early Maythe village is really fairy-like with all its houses smothered in roses. 2. I’d like to put up atthis small inn for a week or so.

Exercise 5, pp. 14-15
1. Iwould love to go to the south in early June, when everything is smothered in flowers, and roam (about) the mountains. 2. We decided that in St. Petersburg we would put up at :

Exercise 10, pp. 15-16
1. to gossip over village politics - to talk about the details o f other village inhabitants' behaviour and private lives, often including information that is not

Exercise 2, p. 16
A.1. По вечерам Барбара всласть сплетничала с соседкой, стоя у забора, разделяющего их сады. 2. Где сплетни, там и ложь. 3. «Я решила на какое-то время пригласить

Exercise 3, р. 18
А. 1. The Browns were glad to drop of an evening for a cocktail and some gossip. 2. He chuckled at the thought of how successfully they had deceived the gossips. 3. Ann wound Tom

Exercise 4, pp. 18-20
A.1. Charles had planned to see Arthur Brown in Hall and on the side pick up the latest rumours. 2. You meet other boats there and rumours, often groundless about

Exercise 6, p. 20
заниматься сплетнями - to gossip; to talk gossip; заводить часы - to wind (up) a watch (a clock); сматывать шерсть в клубок - to wind wool; задеть локтем за что-л. - to s

Exercise 7, p. 20-22
A.1. To be on the safe side don’t talk about these affairs, some people are fond of gossiping about/over others’ affairs. 2. “I think/To my mind/In my opinion/I b

Exercise 9, p. 22
1. What are you talking about? I’m not a gossip. (I’m no gossip.) 2. I know that it’s in a mess but how could I help it? I’ve slipped and fallen right into the mud. 3. You couldn’

Exercise 13, p. 23
1. Stand infront of me, you’ll see better then, there will be nothing inthe way ofyou view. 2. Frankly speaking, Idon’t

Exercise 14, pp. 23-24
1. Such a teacher is hard to find, he is one in a thousand. 2. I was in the very midst of the crowd and couldn’t come up to you. 3. If I were you/in your place I would wait a litt

Choosing a route. Packing. - Выбор маршрута. Упаковка
вещей: hike - разг. длительная прогулка, экскурсия или путешествие пешком, поход; to go on a hike - отправиться в поход; to go hiking - 1

Bathing and Boating - Купание и катание
на лодках: to look down at the river and shiver - (по)смотреть с берега на реку и (за)дрожать; to throw water over oneself - обливаться водой; a

Possible variants
1. It was a silly rather than a witty remark. 2. The officer is stubborn rather than stupid. 3. The family suffered for lack of money. 4. If 1 were inv

Exercise 2, p. 38
1. He has nothing to do with their accommodation. 2. I think the room was damp rather than cold. 3. The girl said she liked hiking in a way. 4. I can understand her explanation ra

Exercise 3, p. 38
1. He is rather wise than sly (cunning). (He is rather a wise man than a sly/cunning one.) 2. To be sure/Surely/Of course your proposals are important/significant/meaningful in a

Exercise 1, p. 49
1. point n - 1) кончик, острие, острый конец, as the point of a pin (needle, pen, pencil, stick) - кончик булавки (иглы, ручки, карандаша, палки); the point of a k

WORD COMBINATIONS AND PHRASES
to suffer from - страдать от; as a result - в результате, вследствие; to have great difficulty with smb./smth. - иметь большие трудности в чем-либо, с кем-либо;

Exercise 4, p. 46
1. She gave the impression that she was on the point of changing her course of action and coming in contact with Miss Tant. 2. Nobody could consider Ogden Street very attractive b

Exercise 5, p. 46
1. This student is extremely shy. She may have (She will prob- ably have) difficulty (in) coming in contact with the group.   group.) 2. Her explanations can be beli

Exercise 9, p. 47
1.I lived in my own private world and had very few ways of communicating with the real world. 2. I felt that writing was not the sort of thing I liked (that writing wasn’t really

Exercise 2, p. 49
A. 1. He успели они сесть за стол, как он тут же перешел к делу. 2. Майра с видимым напряжением наблюдала за нами обоими, но я знал, что как бы внимательно она ни слушала,

Exercise 3, р. 51
A. 1.I don’t quite see your point. 2. I’ve made a point of getting up early every day, and I’m none the worse for it. 3. There seems no point in prolonging this interview. 4. He’s

Exercise 4, p. 52
A.1. That’s hardly what really matters at the moment. 2. You’re tired out or you would get my meaning at once. 3. You haven’t understood the meaning of the story

Exercise 5, p. 53
упустить самое главное - to miss the point; говорить по существу - to keep/stick/speak to the point; быть склонным принять предложение - to be on the point of accepting t

Exercise 6, p. 53
A .1. I am sorry I can’t spare you much time. Could you come to the point straight/right away please? 2. Tom sighed with relief. “I should never have thought that

Films. - Фильмы.
documentary (film) - документальный фильм; educational film - образовательный фильм; popular scientific film - научно-популярный фильм; feature film - художественный филь

Possible variants
1. It’s up to the typist who has made all those mistakes to retype the article. 2. It’s up to Dad who drives to work and back to do the shopping. 3- It’s up to Ne

Exercise 3, p. 71
1. How dare you laugh at the old woman? 2. She has been feeling bad since Monday. 3. His love of books is well known in the group. 4. How wonderful/delicious the roses smell! 5. T

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
1. school- 1) школа; nursery school - детский сад; primary school - начальная школа; secondary school - средняя школа;

To have (gain, win, give smb.) an advantage over smb. -
иметь (получить, дать кому-либо) преимущество над кем- либо; It has the advantage ofbeing modern (cheap, etc.)- Он лучше, потому что он современный (деше

Word Combinations and Phrases
to take (some) pains to do smth. - прилагать (некоторые) усилия, чтобы сделать что-либо; to have a pretty good idea of- иметь неплохое представление о чем-либо;

Exercise 4, p. 78
1. She had a pretty good idea ofthe kind ofperson Lydia was. 2. The boy took (great) pains to make his mother buy him a puppy. 3. She made no comment. 4. Julia felt frustrated

Exercise 5, p. 78
1. Getting angry with you/Getting mad at you (To get angry with you) is playing (to play) into your hands. 2. I was set a very difficult task, and I had to perform it. 3. We can b

Exercise 9, p. 79
1. Each Friday morning all the pupils ofthe school spent the lesson which immediately preceded the recess in writing an account of the events of their school week including commen

Exercise 2, p. 81
A.1. Теперь Энтони писал из школы коротао и наспех. 2. Ни один мальчик из обучавшихся в школе ни разу не получил стипендии для продолжения учебы в университете. 3

Exercise 3, р. 83
A. 1. At twelve he had to drop out of/leave school and to go to work as a Western Union messenger boy. 2. Are schools any better in Australia? 3. All the school turned out to welc

Exercise 4, p. 84
A.1. He belongs to a new trend in linguistics/His ideas are in keeping with a new theory in linguistics. 2. I have known it since I was a child/a teenager. 3. Evi

Exercise 5, p. 85
school(s) - schooling 1. Nursery schoolsare for those who haven’t yet reached compulsory schoolage. 2. Compulsory schooling

Exercise 7, p. 86
A.Professor White is a distinguished/an outstanding scholar. His visit to our school is a great honour./It is a great honour for our school that he has visited us

Exercise 8, p. 87
A.1. You have an advantage over me: you know two languages./ You have the advantage of knowing two foreign languages. 2. He/She has been admitted to the institute

Exercise 9, p- 88
1. Sure, he was referring to them all the time. 2. This schoolleaver should apply for admission to university (to college). 3. All the goods in it are displayed in such a way that

Exercise 13, p. 89
1. Thus, ofthe ten old Forsytes twenty-one young Forsytes had been born. 2. The blackberries tasted ofrain. 3. I didn’t luiy the piano to be sona

Exercise 14, p. 89
1. There are shops on both sides of the street. 2. On getting his telegram I went to/started for/set out for the railway station at once. 3. Upon my word, I didn’t do it. 4. Try a

Exercise 3, p-109
1. The boy went to the skating-rink without telling his mother. 2. He came without being/having been invited and was feeling awkward. 3. In this competition he had more advantages

VOCABULARY NOTES
1. standvt/i - 1) стоять; to stand still - а) не двигаться, оставаться неподвижным; б) остановиться;   to stand straight (motionless

И т. п .
“Reginald, you are now the head of the family.” - “I know,” I said”. “Isn’t a scream?” – «Реджинальд, теперь ты - глава семьи Знаю, - ответил я. - Ну, разве это не умора?»

WORD COMBINATIONS AND PHRASES
to be through with - закончить, прекратить (что-л.), пере- стать (что-л. делать), покончить (с чем-л.), прервать отношения (с кем-л.); to give smb. a test in - дать кому-

Exercise 9, p. 117
1. On the page, at the top ofwhich was written the date: May 17, 2157. 2.... it was awfully funny to read words that were just printed there instead of moving as they always did.

Exercise 2, p. 118
A. 1.Мгновение они стояли рядом лицом к лицу. 2. Солдаты стояли смирно, пока с ними говорил командир. 3. Пожалуйста, помоги вместо того, чтобы просто стоять и смо

Exercise 3, p. 120
A. 1. I hate/can’t stand the girl. 2. Our previous arrangement stands. 3. I stand my ground no matter what is said. 4. I would hate any ofyou if you mistreat an animal. 5. His car

Exercise 4, p. 121
A. 1.Her height is five foot two (five feet and two inches). 2. The arrangement remains unaltered (unchanged)/holds/ holds good. 3. Who’s going to pay the bill/fo

Exercise 5, p. 122
A. 1.Step aside, please, you are standing in my light. 2. I should/would never have thought that this shy-looking man (that this man so timid in appearance) would

Exercise 6, p. 122.
само собой разумеется (что) - it stands to reason (that); поддерживать - to stand up for; выдерживать испытание (боль, жару) - to stand the test [(the) pain, (the) heat];

Exercise 11, p. 124
1. At five o’clock I was already up and without losing/wasting time began working/got down to work. 2. Hang up your coat here and I’ll show you the way to his room. 3.I have picke

Basic qualities. - Основные качества,
love - любовь; security - безопасность; саге - забота; affection - любовь, привязанность; respect - уважение; patience - терпение; reassurance

Handling children. - Обращение с детьми.
to have full faith in - полностью верить/доверять кому-либо (чему-либо); to keep anger under control - держать гнев в узде, сдержи- вать. гнев; capacity to restrain anger

Punishment. - Наказание.
to scream and yell at - кричать на; not to hit children - не бить детей; to be bound to lose - быть обреченным на неудачу; spanking - шлепки; to cause mental ill

Манеры.
to discipline smb. - дисциплинировать/обучать кого-либо; a way ofteaching politeness - способ научить вежливости; to be punctual - быть пунктуальным/точным; to interrupt

Possible variants
1. Steve is awfully stubborn (упрямый). Mother can’t do a thing with him, try as she would. 2. Mary is obstinate (упрямая) as a mule. I can’t do a thing with her no matter how ha

Exercise 2, p. 138
1. Ты потерял бы меньше времени, если бы перестал болтать и топать ногами и для разнообразия занялся немного живописью 2. Мартин извинился, - перед обедом ему нужно было

Exercise 3, р. 138
Model:I think it’s up to you to do the explaining. 1. One afternoon Beatrice asked me if I rode, and I explained i hat I had done some/a little riding but

Exercise 5, p. 139
Going out ofthe house/Leaving the house/Leaving home/When leaving the house (home) Rosemary never suspected that the next two hours ofher life would prove so unusual /ext

WORD COMBINATION AND PHRASES
to be in good (bad) shape - быть в хорошем (плохом) состоянии/ в хорошей (плохой) форме; at a great sacrifice to one’s health - с большим ущербом для своего здоровья;

Exercise 4, p. 148
1. Pygmalion fell in love with the statue ofGalatea he had executed in ivory, and at his prayer Aphrodite gave it life. 2. The art dealer looked at the picture appraisingly but re

Exercise 5, p. 149
1. Herstwood’s affairs were in bad shape and it seemed that nothing could avert a disaster. 2. He was afraid ofbecoming the laughing-stock of the town. 3. The man you are calling/

Exercise 8, p. 150
to think over carefully - to do some constructive (careful) l hinking; at the expense ofone’s health - at a sacrifice to one’s health; to develop an interest in art - to

Exercise 9, p. 150
1. It’s good for you. 2. I can’s do a thing with him. 3. He had done some constructive thinking. 4. It was no ordinary case. 5. At a (great) sacrifice both to his health and his p

Exercise 10, p. 150
1. Doctor Caswell was in medicine (was a medical man), so he was used to any information about the patients, however startling. 2. He had thought everything over carefully since h

Exercise 12 (b), p. 152
inaccurate - 1) неточный; 2) неправильный, неверный, (ошибочный inattentive - невнимательный, небрежный incapable - неспособный; incautious - неосторожный, беспе

Exercise 1, р. 153
А.1. Проверь, через какие промежутки времени у моста сменяется караул. 2. Вор стащил у него часы. 3. Энн была благодарна ему за то, что он избавил ее от присутств

Exercise 3, р. 154
A. 1. The doctor’s treatment did not relieve his pain. 2. It was a great relief to know that the children were safe. 3- He felt somehow relieved offurther responsibility. 4. I’m o

Exercise 4, p. 155
A.1. He helped Poirot deftly offwith his overcoat. 2. Mallory no longer felt fear or anxiety and that was his chief reaction: he would have hated to have to speak

Exercise 5, p. 157
draw - paint 1. She placed the paper and pencil before me and said I could draw anything I liked. 2. The picture was painted so that the eyes

Relief to smb.
фальшивая улыбка - artificial(studied/affected) smile заурядный человек - colourless man (person) неясный ответ - a vague answer дать выход своим чувства

Exercise 7, p. 158
A.1. Oliver noticed/saw with relief that the man opposite had not recognized him. 2. How often are the sentries at/by the gate relieved? 3. What a relief!

Exercise 8, p. 159
1. One is likely to feel relief (to feel relieved). 2. It relieves/eases anxiety. 3- We call such a person a Bachelor of Arts or a Master of Arts depending on the years of learnin

Exercise 9, p. 159
1. Come on, it will cost you no effort at all. 2. What do you mean? They are quite different in size. 3. Oh, no! It was surely selected by someone else. 4. Thank God I won’t have

Exercise 12, p. 160
1.This train starts fromPlymouth and goes toLondon. 2. What country do you come from?3. You must try to look at

Exercise 13, P -161
1. Bread is baked (made) from/of/out offlour. 2. “What a pity that you have to keep the child from going to school/to keep the child out ofschool,” said Andrew. 3. Poets

TOPICAL VOCABULARY
1. Painters and their craft. -Художники и их искусство, a fashionable/mature artist - модный/зрелый художник; a self-taught artist - художник-самоучка; a

Possible variants
1. Why did you give Ann the tickets? - She tricked /coaxed me out of them. 2. It was only when I came home that I noticed that I had been cheated out of fifty rub

Exercise 4, p. 178
1. Why do you dislike Jim so much? - He’s dishonest. He can easily ivheedle/coax/cheat/trick/con/do you out of any amount of money. 2. Are you still angry with her?

Exercise 6, p. 179
Once Alec declared that on Sunday we were going skiing. “We stick/stay at home too much,” he said. “Why not ski some ten or fifteen kilometers in the forest/through the forest

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
1. character- 1) характер, натура, нрав; Не is a man of fine (strong, weak, independent) character. - У него хороший (сильный/твердый, слабый, не

WORD COMBINATIONS AND PHRASES
to disguise oneself - замаскироваться; to be under arrest - быть под арестом; to smile through one’s tears - улыбнуться сквозь слезы; to rob smb. of smth. - лишить кого-л

Exercise 4, p. 189
1. Brown was held under/was under arrest for a month. 2. On his first day in New York John was robbed of all his money, and he had no one to turn to for help. 3. Aren’t you

Exercise 5, p. 189
1. Creaves had been under arrest for a month but still refused pointblank(flatly refused) to give evidence. 2. Out of/Through/From the carriage window John saw he

Exercise 8, p. 190
womanly - feminine; to make an earnest request to smb. - to appeal to smb., to implore smb., to beg smb.; to hold tightly - to clasp; not to let go near - to kee

Exercise 9, p. 190
необычайно изящная - extraordinarily graceful; умное лицо - intelligent face; избавиться от необходимости (делать что-л.) - to save oneself the trouble (of doing smth.);

Exercise 10, p. 190
1. A person who is described as “having character in the chin” has either a chin which is more or less on a level with their lips or - more often - a protruding/jutting chin. It i

Exercise 14 (a), p. 191
A great military leader, a renowned statesman, a man of extraordinary destiny, Napoleon Bonaparte quit the stage of history in July 1815. But for six more years the man w

Exercise 2, p. 193
A. 1.Какую же чепуху говорили/несли люди, когда утверждали, будто характер можно прочесть по лицу. 2. Ее обычно приглашали на характерные роли/Она обычно

Exercise 3, р. 195
А.1. She is not, I think, a woman of character. 2. The writer’s skill in creating vivid and original characters and scenes is combined with the refinement of lang

Exercise 4, p. 196
A. 1. Is it like him? - Not at all. 2. His appearance did not match his disposition/nature. 3. I like the way the actor reveals the true nature of the character. 4. The old gentle

Exercise 5, p. 197
caution - warn 1. His friends warned him against approaching danger and cautioned him against running into it./His friends cautioned hi

Exercise 6, p. 197
A.1. When Ted joined our company/appeared in our company we immediately felt/sensed the strength of his character (we felt how strong his character was r

Exercise 8, p. 199
1. Oh, yes, her character is full of (is a bundle of) contradictions. She is completely unpredictable. 2. I can see that now, but he had a good character. 3. Oh, I can assure you

Exercise 12, p. 199
1. Norman is out.He’ll be back inan hour or so. 2. “Let’s forget the quarrel and be friends,” he said holding outhis hand. 3. Le

Exercise 13, p. 200
1. When the party was in full swing/at its height, Ruth slipped out of the house unnoticed. 2. I can’t make out some of the words, you have an awful handwriting. 3. The day

Emotional condition. - Эмоциональное состояние.
a) to feel good, to feel fine - чувствовать себя хорошо, быть в хорошем настроении; to feel great - чувствовать себя отлично, быть в отличном настроении;  

Display of emotions. - Проявление чувств.
to express one’s feelings - выразить свои чувства; to hide one’s feelings - скрыть свои чувства; to disguise one’s feelings - скрыть свои чувства; to control one’s feelin

Possible Variants
1. Caution made Jim hesitate to say who he really was. 2. He did not hesitate to propose to her the moment she divorced that hateful husband of hers. 3- I sha

Possible Variants
1. He hesitated to go further because he was afraid. 2. Don’t hesitate to refuse if you think the plan is unwise. 3. Unless the weather is bad we ought

Exercise 3, p. 213
1. He hesitated to give advice afraid of responsibility, I think. 2. Don’t hesitate to call me if you need me. 3. Unless I’m mistaken this is but a temporary job. 4. Don’t do anyt

Exercise 4, p. 213
1. I hesitated to bother you. 2. Not if you have difficulty (in) finding the time. 3. No one unless you have confided it to someone. 4 . I had some difficulty (in) getting here. M

Exercise 5, p. 214
1. She took hold of the door knob/door handle but still hesitated to enter the room. 2. If you need my help, don’t hesitate to ring me up any time. 3. Unless I am mistaken, the me

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY
1. confidevi/t - 1) доверяться (in smb.)-, I can confide in him. - Я могу доверить ему свои секреты. 2) поверять, сообщать по секрету (smth. to s

Word Combinations and Phrases
to alter manners (habits, points of view, plans, one’s way of living) - изменить манеры (привычки, мнения, планы, свой образ жизни); to alter a dress - перешить платье, п

Exercise 4, р 223
1. When one is no longer young, it is not an easy thing to alter one’s habits. 2. The coat is a size too large for you, you must have it altered. 3. I’m tired of altering my plans

Exercise 5, p. 224
1. A number of things happened to me and altered the course of my life. 2. English spelling is appalling but in time ii will be partially altered. 3. He heard a ring at the bell a

Exercise 6, p. 224
1. You aren’t sparing yourself at all. You will fall ill if you don’t alter your way of living (change your way of life/ lifestyle). 2. I’m already ready to leave (ready for the d

Exercise 11, p. 226
1. to communicate by conventional signs - to exchange ideas and feelings by means more or less comprehensible to everybody. 2. an irreparable mistake - a mistake that can’t be

Exercise 2, p. 227
A.1.Доверься мне, и все будет хорошо. 2. Он должен был удостовериться, что ей не захочется рассказать по секрету всю эту историю Джервису, что она вполне могла

Exercise 3, р. 229
A. 1. The words were hardly out of her mouth when she wished she hadn’t confided her secret to Ann. 2. It is equally wrong to confide in all and in none. 3. His confidence in succ

Exercise 4, p. 230
A.1. He suspected that Stella did not share her secrets with her father/did not tell her father the personal details of her life (Stella did not confide i

Exercise 6, p. 232
доверять (верить) кому-л. - to confide in smb.; доверять (рассказать) что-л. кому-л. - to confide smth. to smb.; пользоваться доверием - to enjoy smb.’s confidence;

Exercise 7, p. 233
A.1. She confided her plans to nobody. It was a problem she had to solve herself/It was a question she had to settle herself. 2. If you had taken me into your con

Exercise 8, p. 234
1. I always confide in her and she never betrays my confidence. 2. Perhaps because I inspire confidence. 3. Come on, man! You should have more confidence. 4. Are you kidding?

Exercise 13, p. 235
1. The boys were throwing snowballs at their friend. 3. That night (On that night) John was at his best (at his wittiest) and made us all laugh at his jokes. 4. At any rate (Anywa

TOPICAL VOCABULARY
1. Положительные качества: affable - приветливый, учтивый, любезный; amiable - любезный, благожелательный, дружелюбный; good-natured - добродушный; добры

Possible variants
1. We saw a lot of interesting things when we were on a tramp/a tour. 2. It’s too late to start on a tramp/hike. 3. Will you go with them on an excursion

Exercise 4, p. 250
1. It happened when we were on a tour of the Caucasus. 2. As soon as we came to/arrived in London we went/started on an excursion. 3. After the wedding Michael and Fleur

VOCABULARY NOTES
1. track- 1) след; to be on the track of smb.- 1) напасть на след, идти по чьему-л. следу;     2) преследова

With postlogues
to put aside- 1) отложить (в сторону); 2) откладывать, копить; to putaway - убирать, прятать что-л. (в коробку, шкаф и т.п.); t

WORD COMBINATIONS AND PHRASES
after their last (first, second) year at college (the university) - проучившись на последнем (первом, втором) курсе колледжа (университета); according to smth. (their map

Exercise 4, p. 258
1. After their last year (together) at the university they made up their minds to go to work in the North. 2. According to his words he is not to blame. 3. The pebbles on the beac

Exercise 5, p. 259
1. After their first year together at (the) university they became great friends. 2. According to the directions/instructions we must get the camp ready for the tourists’ arrival

Exercise 2, p. 261
A.1.Дорожка превратилась в каменистую тропу, которая привела их к главной дороге. 2. «Что вы знаете о вашем друге Пайле?» - «Весьма немного. Просто наши пути

Exercise 3, р. 262
А.1.I’m afraid I’ve completely lost track of him. 2. She stumbled along the steep track that led up the hill. 3. The man was sure lie had covered up his tracks. 4

Exercise 4, p. 263
A. 1. I clean forgot about the time/the passage of time./ I completely forgot that there was such a thing as time./The fact that the time was passing and sooner or later this woul

Exercise 6, p. 264
A.1. Our train is on track five, let’s hurry up/let’s walk faster. 2. Sinking into the deep snow the hound was follow-   ing a hare’s tracks. 3. He

Exercise 7, p. 266
оставлять следы - to leave tracks; замести следы - to cover up one’s tracks; избитый путь - the beaten track; вырисовываться на фоне - to be outlined against; ра

Exercise 12, p. 267
1. My sister was very ill and I had to sit upall night with her. 2. This little stream never dries up.3. You have worked very well so far; keep i

Exercise 13, p. 267
1. At five o ’clock I was already up and without wasting time set to work/started working. 2. Hang up your overcoat here, I’ll show you the way to your room. 3. I’ve picked up

Natural resources and attractions. - Природные ресурсы
и достопримечательности: minerals - минералы; полезные ископаемые; (fresh) water supplies (reservoirs) - запасы (пресной) воды; reservoir ['rez&

Environmental destruction and pollution. - Разрушение
и загрязнение окружающей среды: land pollution - загрязнение грунта; derelict land - заброшенная земля; industrial waste - промышленные отходы;

Nature conservation and environment protection. -
Охрана природы и защита окружающей среды: a global imperative for environment - важнейшая задача охраны окружающей среды;   global environm

Exercise 1, p. 362
1. Normally no article is used with names of people as they point out individuals, so the proper nouns Peter (first name), Carl (middle name) and Faberge (sur

Exercise 2, p. 363
1. Can I introduce Margaret Diamond? 2. Can I introduce the Margaret Diamond I told you about last week? 3. There is a Margaret Diamond waiting for you in t

Exercise 3, p. 363
1. Could you lend me your Webster? - Will a Hornby do?/Will a Hornby suit you? 2. You are a real Lovelace! - And you are a Don Juan. 3. I know nothing about painting. I c

Exercise 4, p. 364
1. Он подумал, что спать в таком месте было бы безумием. to sleep is an active non-perfect simple infinitive. It performs the function of the subject.  

Exercise 5, p. 365
1. Father is willing to let us be independent. 2. David is known to have taken part in the campaign. 3. I won’t have you say it behind my back. 4. Ever sinc

Exercise 6, p. 365
1. Tomorrow will be a very busy day. You’ve got several clients to receive and two meetings to attend. 2. I’ve got no time to relax at all. And there is still so much to do!

A wet cloth, a clean cloth, a tablecloth, a dishcloth.
8. Rubberis a non-count material noun meaning an elastic substance used to make tyres, boots etc. - резина. A rubber(Br: Eng.) is t

Exercise 9, p. 367
Complete the table. Note that some of these words of foreign origin have regular plurals. Singular Plural Singular

Exercise 10, p. 368
1,2,4,8, 13, 15, 16, 18. All these uncountable abstract nouns are used without articles because in a general sense such nouns take no article. It is notworthy that all these nouns

Exercise 12, p. 369
1. What is news and how is it gathered? 2. What is the latest news? - It is very interesting. 3. There is a piece/bit of news I’d like to discuss. 4. Be careful! Such fat

Exercise 13, p. 369
1. In both sentences particular sorts of cheese are mentioned, so the noun cheese has become a class countable one. 2. Material uncountable nouns used in a general s

Exercise 16, p. 372
1. Here familyis viewed as a single undivided body, so it takes a singular predicate verb. 2. Here the group of people denoted by the collective noun

Exercise 17, p. 373
1. There are more than 80 species of butterflies on the British Isles. 2. All my family are good musicians. 3. The dregs on/at the bottom of the glass looked suspicious.

Exercise 18, p. 374
1, 2. Non-perfect active gerunds used as subjects. 3. Non-perfect active gerunds. Thinkingis a subject and knowingis an object. 4. Non-p

Possible Variants
1. If you seriously want to save money, you’d better give up smoking/gambling. 2. I don’t mind most housework, but I can’t stand cooking/ washing up/ironing. 3.

Exercise 20, p. 375
1. You must remember to call at the bank on your way home because we need to order some traveller’s cheques. 2. Could you stop typing for a moment? I need to concentrate

Exercise 21, p. 376
1. This is a specifying genitive denoting authorship. 2. This is a specifying genitive denoting subjective relations (a subjective genitive).    

Exercise 24, p. 378
1. They say eighty per cent of the data (accumulated) in the world’s computers is in English. 2. Don’t touch anything until the police arrive. - They have already arrived

Exercise 25, p. 379
1. A non-perfect active Participle I serving as part of an attribute. 2. A non-perfect active Participle I serving as part of an adverbial modifier of manner. 3.

Exercise 27, p. 380
I. 1. I can feel something crawling up my leg! 2. I saw her switch on the light and come/walk into the room. 3. For a while she stood and watched the men

Exercise 30, p. 382
1. That is the most incredible story I have ever heard! 2. It is not always the brightest students who do well in tests. 3. Terylene shirts are harder-wearing, but cotton shirts a

Exercise 31, p. 383
I. 1. true - truthful a) This play is based on a true story. b) I believe her: I think she is a truthful person. 2. childish - childlike a) You cannot h

Exercise 34, p. 385
1. Notknowing the exact address, they got lost in the city. 2. Never sign anything withoutreading it carefully. 3. The door was wide open, and we entered

Exercise 35, p. 386
I. All the past participles are parts of objective participial constructions with participle II. 1. Майкл проколол себе ухо. Он сделал это, чтобы досадить родителям.

Exercise 36, p. 387
1, 2. We cannot use very with comparatives. Instead we use (very) much,far, a lot and lots (the latter, two are informal). 3. Dead meaning completel

I. Possible variants
1. The more exercise you take, the fitter you’ll become. 2. The bigger the car, the more gas/petrol it guzzles. 3. The more I get to know him, the less I like him. 4. The

Exercise 39, p. 389
1. - Where do the wicked go after death? - They go to hell. 2. His hair was already gray, her own was still a rich honey brown. 3. Bali is a heaven where the famous, the

Exercise 41, p. 391
Country Adjective One citizen All the people The language 1. Russia Russian

Exercise 42, p. 391
1. The Americans are less formal than the English. 2. Most Danes speak good English which can’t be said about the French. 3. Don’t speak ill about the absent. 4.

Exercise 43, p. 392
1. Her parents object to/are against her telling everybody of her engagement now (object to/are against her making her engagement public now). 2. I remember Mom often rep

Exercise 44, p. 393
1. Please, return the book to the library without further delay. 2. Could you tell me where the nearest post-office is? 3. You will know further details next time. 4. It

Exercise 45, p. 393
1. She insisted on being listened to. 2. The cosmonauts are reported to have landed. 3. The results were impossible to predict. They patiently waited for the scientists t

Exercise 46, p. 394
1. Tenis a simple cardinal noun. 2. Secondis a simple ordinal noun. In most cases nouns premodified by ordinals take the definite article. In the

Exercise 48, p. 394
1. Habit is a second nature. 2. The workers of this plant/This plant’s workers work in a night shift. 3. Our students begin to learn a second language in their second

Exercise 49, p. 395
1. I can’t help worrying/feeling nervous. There is so much to do: to have my hair cut, to have my nails manicured, to have my shoes fixed/mended/repaired and to take the clothes t

Exercise 50, p. 395
1. You can never find a taxi when you need one. 2. I see, they have invented a bomb which will kill people without damaging property. What will they think of

Exercise 51, p. 396
1. She sat in front of the mirror, running her fingers through her hair. 2. “Do you want to put your/the coat on?” “No, I’ll just put it round my sho

Translate into English
1. He looked her in the face and understood everything. 2. His face suddenly changed expression/He suddenly changed in the face/The expression on/of his face suddenly cha

Exercise 55, p. 398
1. She grew cold with terror and began slowly crossing herself./ Her blood ran cold and she began slowly crossing herself/ making the sign of the cross. 2. He devoted him

Exercise 56, p. 399
1. Don’t do everything for him, he must learn to do things for himself. 2. Please yourself. It’s entirely up to you. 3. They are in love - they only have eyes for each ot

Exercise 58, p. 401
1. I like people who speak their minds. 2. There is something I do not understand about this. 3. She only eats vegetables which have been organically grown. 4. T

Exercise 60, p. 401
a. 1. - Could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Which Mr. Smith do you want? 2. - Give me the money. - What money? 3. - Could I have my books back, please? - Which are your

Exercise 61, p. 402
a. 1. We always go to Prague. Can we go somewhere else for a change? 2. - Did you leave it to Anna? - No, I gave it to somebody else. 3. - Is that all you need? - No, I w

Exercise 63, p. 403
1. I went to see her flat, which shelived in when she was a student (non-identifying clause). 2. I went to see the flat which/that

Exercise 64, p. 404
1. Things will get better soon. That is what tomorrows are for! 2. Is that what you really mean? 3. I greatly doubt that what you say is true. 4. He did what he

Exercise 66, p. 405
1. The subjects are proper names. Нэнси, Capa и Барбара - распространенные английские имена. 2. The subject is expressed by /, a personal pronoun in the nominati

Exercise 67, р. 406
1. looked and disapproved are simple verbal predicates. Они смотрели на меня с сильнейшим неодобрением. 2. have been travelling is a simple verbal predicate a

Exercise 69, p. 407
1. I couldn’t hear the actors well from the last row. 2. Ali won the race easily. 3. The flowers looked fresh to me. 4. We thought that “Streetcar” was a real/really good

Exercise 70, p. 408
1.A hungry man is an angry man. - Yes, the way to a man’s heart is through his stomach. 2. Ravens had gone from the Tower: the Kingdom wo

Exercise 71, p. 409
1. Neither Julia nor Michael is going to the play tonight. 2. Anything is better than going to another movie tonight.     3. Dieting is becoming more p

Exercise 72, p. 410
1. A few of the girls are experienced riders. 2. Each of them has a complete set of maps. 3. Most of the milk is gone. 4. Neither of the cars has/have a radio (ha

Exercise 73, p. 410
1. After the long like through the woods, all the scouts complained that their feet hurt. 2. Either Camille or Rose will bring her cassette player. 3. Everyone at the cam

Exercise 74, p. 411
1. Both, Alexander and Nina, like their new neigbourhood. 2. None of the motor boats was damaged during the storm. 3. By two o’clock Antonio, as well as the other singers, was

Exercise 75, p. 411
1. a) The sentence is unambiguous in meaning: John is the only one who can speak Arabic really well. b) The sentence has an ambiguous meaning. If the speaker puts the str

Exercise 78, p. 413
1. No sooner had I finished speaking/talking than Molly jumped up/sprang up and ran out of the room./Hardly/Scarcely had I finished speaking/talking when Molly jumped up/sprang

Exercise 80, p. 414
1. How bitterly we regretted our decision, but there was no way back/Bitterly as we regretted our decision there was no way back. 2. Far, far away in a thick forest there

Exercise 83, p. 418
1. I shall not waste time replying to his letter. 2. It’s high time we went/to go. 3. I’d rather stay in tonight. 4. There is no point in arguing with him. 5. We

Exercise 84, p. 418
I. The air, which consists of various elements, surrounds us. 2. I had a stick, which I defended myself with. 3. "four brother, to whom I was introduced yesterday, surprised

Exercise 85, p. 419
I. In 1665 agreat plague raged in London. The insanitary conditions of thehouses, thenarrowness of thestreets, t

Exercise 86, p. 420
1. They reproached themselves for having failed him/for having let him down. After all he had been within a hair’s breadth (hairbreadth) of dying/he had escaped death by