Part 10. Страны третьего мира. Проблемы миграции. - раздел Иностранные языки, Английский язык
Exercise 1. Master The Active Vocabulary:...
Exercise 1. Master the active vocabulary:
developing country развивающая страна
developed country развитая страна
low level of material being низкий уровень жизни
standard of living жизненный уровень
high average выше среднего
Gross National Income годовой национальный доход
per capita на душу населения
advanced economy продвинутая экономика
newly industrialized countries новые промышленно развитые страны
Exercise 2. Read the text “Developing country”:
“Developing country” is a term generally used to describe a nation with a low level of material well being. There is no single internationally-recognized definition of developed country, and the levels of development may vary widely within so-called developing countries, with some developing countries having high average standards of living.
Some international organizations like the World Bank use strictly numerical classifications. The World Bank considers all low- and middle- income countries as "developing". In its most recent classification, economies are divided using 2008 Gross National Income per capita. In 2008, countries with GNI per capita below US$11,905 were considered developing. Other institutions use less specific definitions.
Countries with more advanced economies than other developing nations, but which have not yet fully demonstrated the signs of a developed country, are grouped under the term newly industrialized countries.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions:
1.When is a term “developing country” used?
2.Is there a single internationally-recognized definition of developed country?
3.What may vary widely within so-called developing countries?
4.The World Bank uses strictly numeral classifications, doesn’t it?
5.What GNI per capita is necessary not to be considered developing?
6.What is another term of countries with more advanced economies?
Exercise 4.Give the Russian equivalents:
Developing country, a low level of material being, a high average standard of living, the World Bank, low and middle income, Gross National Income per capita, a specific definition, a more advanced economy, newly industrialized countries.
Exercise 5. Fill in the missing words:
1. Developing country is a term generally used to describe a nation with…
2. There is no … of developed country.
3. … may vary widely within so-called developing countries.
4. International organizations like the World Bank use …
5. The World Bank considers all … as "developing"
6. In 2008, countries … below US$11,905 were considered developing.
7. Countries with more advanced economies are grouped under the term …
Exercise 6. Match the words on the left with the words on the right:
1. a developing country развитая страна
2. a low level of material being уровень развития
3. a developed country высокоразвитая экономика
4. a level of development на душу населения
5. vary жизненный уровень
6. standard of living новые промышленно-развитые страны
7. sign различаться
8. internationally-recognized definition признак
9. income развивающая страна
10. per capita общепризнанное определение
11. Gross National Income низкий уровень жизни
12. advancedeconomy доход
13. newly industrialized countries годовой национальный доход
Exercise 7. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Развивающая страна - это страна с низким уровнем жизни.
2. Нет общепризнанного определения –« развитой страны».
3. Уровень жизни может различаться в так называемых развивающихся странах.
4. Всемирный Банк считает те развивающие страны, которые имеют низкий или средний доход на душу населения.
5. Считают, что развивающиеся страны имеют годовой доход на душу населения ниже $11,905.
6. Страны с высокоразвитой экономикой называют новыми промышленно-развитыми странами.
Exercise 8. Master the active vocabulary:
Secretary General генеральный секретарь
to define давать определение
environment окружение
United Nations Statistics Division отдел статистики ООН
convention конвенция, соглашение
designation обозначение, название
judgement взгляд, мнение
IMF Международный валютный фонд
stage период, этап, стадия
Commonwealth of Independent States содружество независимых государств
Gross domestic Product валовый внутренний продукт
Gross National Income валовый национальный доход
country in transition страна в разитии
diversification диверсификация, распространение
integration интеграция, объединение
global financial system мировая финансовая система
low income низкий доход
lower middle income доход ниже среднего
upper middle income доход выше среднего
high income высокий доход
preferred привилегированный
Exercise 9. Read the text “Definition of developed and developing states”
Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations, defined a developed country as follows. "A developed country is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment." But according to the United Nations Statistics Division,
There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.
The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.
In common practice, Japan in Asia, Canada and the United States in northern America, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, and Europe are considered "developed" regions or areas. In international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is also treated as a developed region and Israel as a developed country; countries emerging from the former Yugoslavia, except for Slovenia, are treated as developing countries; and countries of eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (code 172) in Europe are not included under either developed or developing regions.
According to the classification from IMF(International Monetary Fund) before April 2004, all the countries of Eastern Europe (including Central European countries which still belongs to "Eastern Europe Group" in the UN institutions) as well as the former Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) countries in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan) and Mongolia, were not included under either developed or developing regions, but rather were referred to as "countries in transition"; however they are now widely regarded (in the international reports) as "developing countries". In the 21st century, the original Four Asian Tigers regions (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) are considered "developed" region or areas, along with Cyprus, Israel, Malta, and Slovenia, are considered "newly developed countries".
The IMF uses a flexible classification system that considers "(1) per capita income level, (2) export diversification—so oil exporters that have high per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) would not make the advanced classification because around 70% of its exports are oil, and (3) degree of integration into the global financial system."
The World Bank classifies countries into four income groups. Low income countries have GNI (Gross National Income) per capita of US$975 or less. Lower middle income countries have GNI per capita of US$976–$3,855. Upper middle income countries have GNI per capita between US$3,856–$11,905. High income countries have GNI above $11,906. The World Bank classifies all low- and middle-income countries as developing but notes, "The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status."
Exercise 10. Answer the questions:
1. How did Kofi Annan define a developed country? What was he?
2. Is there established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system?
3. The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience, aren’t they?
4. What classification system does the IMF use?
5. How does the World Bank classify developing countries?
6. Why is the use of the term “developing country” convenient?
7. Does Classification by income necessarily reflect development status?
Exercise 11. Give the Russian equivalents:
Secretary General, environment, United Nations Statistics Division, Commonwealth of Independent States, IMF, Gross domestic Product, Gross National Income, global financial system, country in transition, to define, convention, diversification, integration.
Exercise 12. Give the English equivalents:
низкий доход, доход ниже среднего, доход выше среднего, высокий доход, заявлять, мнение, содружество независимых государств, валовый внутренний продукт, международный валютный фонд, валовый национальный доход, классифицировать, новые развитые страны.
Exercise 13. Are the statements true? If they are, answer It is right, if false, say It is wrong and give the true answer.
1. A developed country is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment according to Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations.
2. There is established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.
3. The designations "developed" and "developing express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.
4. Japan in Asia, Canada and the United States in northern America, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, and Europe are considered "developed" regions or areas.
5. The countries of eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States in Europe are included under developed regions.
6. The World Bank classifies countries into five income groups.
7. Classification by income reflects development status.
Exercise 14. Fill in the missing prepositions:
1. But according … the United Nations Statistics Division , There is no established convention … the designation …"developed" and "developing" countries or areas… the United Nations system.
2. … international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is also treated as a developed region.
3. Countries emerging … the former Yugoslavia, except … Slovenia, are treated as developing countries.
4. According … the classification from IMF countries… Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan) and Mongolia, were not included … either developed or developing regions.
5. The World Bank classifies countries … four income groups.
6. Classification … income does not necessarily reflect development status.
Exercise 15. Substitute the Russian words for the English ones:
1. Kofi Annan, former генеральный секретарь of the United Nations, defined a developed country as follows. "A developed country is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment."
general diplomat
general secretary
general ambassador.
2. The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical удобства.
convenience
use
appliance.
3. The Международный валютный фонд uses a flexible classification system.
International Monetary Market
International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Department
4. Всемирный Банк classifies countries into four income groups.
The World Exchange
The World Stock Exchange
The World Bank.
5. The World Bank classifies all low- and middle- доход countries as developing.
income
loss
gain.
Exercise 16. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Все граждане, живущие в развитой стране, наслаждаются свободной, здоровой и безопасной жизнью.
2. Названия «развитых» и «развивающихся» стран применяются для статистического удобства.
3. Считают, что Япония в Азии, Канада и США в Семерной Америке, Австралия и Новая Зеландия в Океании, Европа – развитые страны.
4. Страны Восточной Европы относят к странам в развитии.
5. Международный Банк подразделяет страны с низким и средним доходом как развивающиеся.
6. Классификация по доходам не отражает статус развития страны.
Exercise 17. Master the active vocabulary:
human migration переселение людей
voluntary добровольное
forced вынужденное
slave trade работорговля
trafficking торговля людьми
ethnic cleansing этническая чистка
settler поселенец
perspective цель
outright conquest полное завоевание
infiltration проникновение, просачивание
resettlement переезд, переселение
Decline of the Roman Empire падение Римской Империи
population genetics популяционная генетика
adjustment регулирование
to launch распустить
threefold mandate тройной мандат
life-span ресурс
stakeholders заинтересованные стороны, круги
Exercise 18. Read the text ““Human Migration”
Human migration is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. The movement of populations in modern times has continued under the form of both voluntary migration within one's region, country, or beyond, and involuntary migration (which includes the slave trade, trafficking in human beings and ethnic cleansing). People who migrate are called migrants or more specifically, emigrants, immigrants, or settlers, depending on historical setting, circumstances and perspective.
The pressures of human migrations, whether as outright conquest or by slow cultural infiltration and resettlement, have affected the grand epochs in history and in land (for example, the Decline of the Roman Empire); under the form of colonization, migration has transformed the world (such as the prehistoric and historic settlements of Australia and the Americas). Population genetics studied in traditionally settled modern populations have opened a window into the historical patterns of migrations, a technique pioneered by Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza.
Forced migration has been a means of social control under authoritarian regimes yet free initiative migration is a powerful factor in social adjustment and the growth of urban populations.
In December 2003, The Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM) was launched with the support of Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan and several countries, with an independent 19-member Commission, a threefold mandate and a finite life-span ending December 2005. Its report, based on regional consultation meetings with stakeholders and scientific reports from leading international migration experts, was published and presented to Kofi Annan on 5 October 2005.
Different types of migration include:
1. Seasonal human migration mainly related to agriculture.
2. Rural to Urban, more common in developing countries as industrialization takes effect (urbanization)
3. International migration
Exercise 19. Answer the questions:
1.What is human migration?
2. The movement of populations in modern times has continued, hasn’t it?
3. Which forms of migration do you know?
4. What does involuntary migration include?
5. How are called people who migrate? What does it depend on?
5. What is forced migration?
6. What was launched with the support of Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan in December 2003?
7. Name different types of migration.
Exercise 20. Match the words on the left with the words on the right:
поселенец
human migration торговля людьми
voluntary падение Римской Империи
forced популяционная генетика
slave trade заинтересованные стороны, круги
trafficking переселение людей
ethnic cleansing работорговля
settler вынужденное
perspective распустить
outright conquest тройной мандат
infiltration регулирование
resettlement добровольное
Decline of the Roman Empire этническая чистка
population genetics ресурс
adjustment переезд, переселение
to launch полное завоевание
threefold mandate торговля людьми
life-span цель
stakeholders проникновение, просачивание
Exercise 21. Are the statements true? If they are, answer It is right, if false, say It is wrong and give the true answer.
1. Human migration is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups.
2. The movement of populations in modern times has stopped.
3. People who migrate are called citizens of the country.
4. A technique pioneered by Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza has opened a window into the historical patterns of migrations.
5. Voluntary migration has been a means of social control under authoritarian regimes.
6. There are seasonal, rural to urban and international migrations.
7.
Exercise 22. Fill in the missing words:
1. Human migration is physical movement by … from one area to another.
2. The movement of … in modern times has continued under the form of both voluntary and involuntary migration.
3. People who migrate are called … more specifically,…, …, or…, depending on historical setting, circumstances and perspective.
4. The pressures of human migrations, whether as … or by … and … have affected the grand epochs in history and in land (for example, the Decline of the Roman Empire).
5. … has been a means of social control under authoritarian regimes yet free initiative migration is a powerful factor in …. and … .
6. In December 2003… was launched with the support of Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan and several countries.
7. Different types of migration include:…, …., …. .
Exercise 23. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Переселение людей из одной местности в другую, как индивидуально так и группами, назывaется миграцией.
2. В наши дни движение населения происходит в форме добровольной и невольной миграции.
3. Под невольной миграцией подразумевают работорговлю, торговлю людьми и этническую чистку.
4. Люди, которые переселяются, называются мигрантами, эмигрантами, политическими иммигрантами и переселенцами в зависимости от исторического поселения, обстоятельств и цели.
5. Такие исторические события, как падение Римской Империи и колонизация Австралии и Америки, приписывают к давлению на переселение людей.
6. Вынужденная миграция – это бегство от авторитарного режима.
7. Существуют различные виды миграции: сезонная – в сельском хозяйстве; из сел в город – урбанизация; международная.
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«Разговорные темы по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» для ФГОС 3-го поколения»
АСТРАХАНЬ 2011
Составители:
Let me introduce myself and my family
I am Nikita Kuznetsov. I’m 17 years cold. I was born on the 5th of May in 1993. This year I have finished school No 1 in Astrakhan and entered the Astrakhan State Technical University. N
About myself
Hello, friends. Let me first introduce myself. My name is Ann or Anya for my friends. My surname or last name is Sokolova. I was born on the 2nd of October in Sochi, Krasnodarsky Krai. T
ACCOMMODATIONS AND CATERING
EXERCISE 1 Read the information about types of accommodation and catering and translate it into Russian.
Camping or caravanning means tra
EXERCISE 2 Read the text, understand its contents and give a short review of this text.
A wide variety of accommodations is available to the modern tourist. They vary from the guest house or tourist home with one or two rooms to grand luxury hotels with hundreds of rooms.
Bef
EXERCISE 4 Read the text and understand its contents.
Major tourist attractions include large cities like London, Moscow, Paris, New York; seashore areas in warm climates like the Caribbean and the Mediterranean; and ski resorts like t
EXERCISE 6 Make up a brief summary of the text.
EXERCISE 7
A) There are twelve famous places on these pictures. Identify them and say which city or country they are in. Fill in the first two columns of the tab
THOMAS COOK
For millions of people around the world, the name Thomas Cook means traveller's cheques and travel agencies -but w
FREDDIE LAKER
Freddie Laker was one of the pioneers of modern passenger air travel. He was born in England in 1922, and from an early age he was involved with aircraft. He was an aircraft engineer in the Second
CESAR MANRIQUE
The tribute most often paid to Cesar Manrique is that without his efforts tourist development on Lanzarote would have followed the
AROUND THE WORLD IN 222 DAYS
The history of modern tourism began on 5 July 1841, when a train carrying 500 factory workers travelled from Leicester to Loughborough, twelve miles away, to attend a meeting about the dangers of a
Add the missing words to this puzzle.
D
T
The laws of health
One of the first duties we owe to ourselves is to keep our bodies in perfect health. If our body suffers from any disorder, our mind suffers with it, and we are unable to make much progress in know
Ex. 2.Read and act out the dialogues.
At the doctor`s
PATIENT.May I see doctor N., the therapeutist?
CLERK.Doctor N. is not receiving just now. You can see doctor M.
Ex.3. Read and translate the text, retell it as if you are the dentist.
At the dentist`s
Once I had had a toothache for several days, but I couldn`t pluck up courage to go to the dentist. As a matter of fact I went twice, but just as I got on
Ex.4. Master the active vocabulary
assistance –помощь
ladder –лестница, трап
hurt –причинять боль
to hurt oneself –ушибиться
At the Hospital
Doctor:Lie down, please. Do you feel nauseous?
Patient:Pardon?
D:I mean are you sick?
A) Read the story and insert the necessary modal verbs (may, can, to be able, must, to have (to), to be (to), should (ought).
The Doctor`s Advice
Mr. Bell felt very bad. Every day he had bad headaches, he…eat and sleep. One of his friends said that Mr. Bell… see doctor Green who always gave his p
Astrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it dischar
The land of blooming lotus
No one plant in the world was connected so closely with the life of the primitive man and the culture of the first civilization as lotus. We can observe the motion of the people following the place
New Zealand
Island- остров
Indigenous language- местный диалект
Isolation- уединение, изоляция
Descent- происхождение
To certain- полагать
To coin- создать новый те
Australia
Commonwealth- содружество
Settlement- поселение
To explore- исследовать
Democracy- демократия
Bicameral- двупалатный
Coral reef- коралловый риф
Great Britain
Kingdom-королевство
To conquer- завоевывать
To subdue- подчинить
To contribute to- способствовать
Domination- гсподство
To win (won won) - завоевывать
THE USA
To stretch-простираться
Densely-плотно
A canal-канал
Wheat-пшено
Solid-твердый
To adopt- внедрять
Amendment-поправка
Generation- покол
WASHINGTON, D.C.
independent- независимый
with its own laws- со своими законами
a plot of land- участок земли
the Capitol- Капитолий
in honor of- в честь
a discoverer- п
Exercise 24. Read and translate the text
London is a capital of the United Kingdom, its economic, political and cultural centre. London has been a capital for nearly a thousand years. Many of its ancient buildings still stand. The most fa
Canberra
capital city - столица
location - местоположение
court - суд
agency - агентство
to derive - происходить
to cover - охватывать
bushland – простр
Wellington
urban area – городская территория
rural area – сельская местность
to cover - охватывать
peninsula - полуостров
to be notable for – быть примечательным
h
Высшее образование в России.
VOCABULARY
be situated - располагаться
fisheries – зд. рыбная промышленность и хозяйство
rename into - переименовать,
generation
Exercise 5. Ask questions for which the following statements may serve as answers.
1 Our course of studies runs for 5 years.
2 I fell behind the group because of my illness.
3 My favourite subject is physics.
4 We’ll have a seminar on chemistry tomorrow
Exercise 7. Read and translate the text. Formulate the topic sentence of each paragraph. Express the main ideas of the text.
Nowadays there exist many universities in Russia. But not all universities are equal. They differ from one another in history, tradition and academic organization. Moscow State Lomo
Higher education in Great Britain
Exercise 1. Study the list of the given words:
1 degree-степень,
2 a graduate-выпускник учебного заведения,
3 arts- гуманитарные нaуки,
4 to awa
Exercise 6. Read and practice the following. Act as interpreter.
Mr. Brown (B.): So sorry to have kept you waiting. I was on the phone.
М-р Соколов (С): Пожалуйста, пожалуйста. Я рад, что вы нашли время побеседовать со мной. Я знаю, как вы заняты.
Exercise 7. Choose the right answer.
1. New students must____ for classes before term begins.
a) teach b)join c)enter d)enroll
2. This course _____ no previous knowledge of the subject
TEXT I. Read the text to yourself and suggest a title.
The typical academic programme for university students in Great Britain is composed of a varying number of courses or subjects within a field of specialisation.
The academi
EALING COLLEGE OF HIGHER LEARNING.
The College has a 50 year tradition of developing and teaching undergraduate courses. At present it offers twelve degree courses which are validated by the Council for National Acad
Text III. Read the text to yourself and suggest the title.
In the early 19-th century Oxford and Cambridge were the only two universities in England. The cost of education at these universities was so high that only the sons of the wealthie
Text III. STUDENT LIFE AND CUSTOMS.
We lack sufficient evidence to make many statements about student life in ancient times. It was in the medieval universities that we first hear of those student groups which gave co
Text IV. Stanford University
Stanford University, famous as one of northern California’s several institutions of higher learning, is called “the Harvard of the West”. Its reputation is based on its location, it
Text VI. CHN University of Professional Education (CHN)
CHN University of Professional Education is located in Leeuwarden, capital of the province Fryslan in the northern part of the Netherlands. Situated on the North Sea, and partly sur
The Big Stores of London
One of the features of London is the number of big stores, most of which are to be found in or near the West End. These stores are a mixture of tradition and modernity.
The
Departments Отделы
Textiles dept. Тканей
Drapery dеpt. Декоративных тканей
Ready-made clothes dept. Готового платья
Ladies/men’s/children’s wear/outfit Готовая женская/мужская/детская одежд
Shopping phrases
I have some shopping to do today
Мне нужно сделать сегодня кое-какие
покупки.
I want to go and buy —.
Я хочу пойти купи
Exercise 6. Answer the following questions using active vocabulary.
1. What do we buy at dairy shop?
2. What do we buy at greengrocer's?
3. What do we buy at florist's?
4. What do we buy at confectionary shop?
5.
Exercise 8. Make up a dialogue.
Situation 1: You are a very capricious and rather rude customer. You are looking for something special but don’t know what. Your partner is a shop-assistant who really wants
World at war
January 1, 2000 was a "triple" beginning - a new year, a new century, and a new millennium. Yet there remained much unfinished business from the last year, the last decade, indeed the ent
Terrorism
Terrorism is unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments
Exercise 5. Read English words and word combinations and give their Russian equivalents.
Unlawful; violence; intimidating; coercing; a climate of fear; to bring about a political objective; destabilizing; overthrowing; political institutions; to suppress dissent; deadliness; technologi
THE EU FIGHTS AGAINST THE SCOURGE OF TERRORISM
Terrorism takes many forms and uses ever more sophisticated and deadly organizational techniques and operational methods .
Bioterrorism and chemical threats are all too real. Well organize
List of emerging and developing economies
The following are considered emerging and developing economies according to the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook Report, October 2009.
Developing countries not listed by IMF
· Cuba
· North Korea
Graduated developing countries (Fo
Industrialization
While the pace of migration had accelerated since the 18th century already (including the involuntary slave trade), it would increase further in the 19th century. Manning distinguishes three major
Informatization
Informatization or informatisation refers to the extent by which a geographical area, an economy or a society is becoming information-based, i.e., increase in size of its informati
Globalization and informatization
Over the years, globalization and informatization have "redefined industries, politics, cultures, and perhaps the underlying rules of social order". Although they explain different phenom
Definitions
An early description of globalization was penned by the American entrepreneur-turned-minister Charles Taze Russell who coined the term 'corporate giants' in 1897, although it was not until the 1960
Information technology
Information technology (IT) is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly soft
Information Age
The Information Age, also commonly known as the Computer Age or Information Era, is an idea that the current age will be characterized by the ability of individuals
The Internet
The Internet was originally conceived as a fail-proof network that could connect computers together and be resistant to any one point of failure; the Internet cannot b
Progression
The proliferation of the smaller and less expensive personal computers and improvements in computing power by the early 1980s resulted in a sudden access to and ability to sh
The Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network
Information
Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web, or just the Web, interchangeably, but the two terms are not synonymous. The World Wide Web is a global se
Communication in our life
E-mail is an important communications service available on the Internet. The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or mem
Social impact of the Internet
The Internet has enabled entirely new forms of social interaction, activities, and organizing, thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access. Social networkin
Part 12 . Область моих научных интересов
What is Science?
In ancient times science (from the Latin word scientia) meant knowledge or learning. Today we define science as the study of the world around us. The stud
Exercise 5. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1) Technology is the use of scientific discoveries.
2) Plants that don’t get sick easily, shots that prevent mumps and measles, X rays that show cavities
Technology
Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques and crafts, or systems or methods of organization, or is a material product (such as clothing) of these things. The word
Science, engineering and technology
The distinction between science, engineering and technology is not always clear. Science is the reasoned investigation or study of phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements
Exercise 16. Master the active vocabulary.
distinction – разница
endure – длиться
utility – полезность
usability – пригодность
safety – безопасность
to exploit – разрабатывать
electrical
Exercise 20. Insert the necessary word. Consult the text.
1. Technology is often … of science and engineering.
2. The … knowledge may be used by engineers to create … and machines.
3. Science is the reasoned … or study of phenomena, aime
Exercise 21. Find the meaning of each word.
1. способность
a) opportunity,
b) ability, с) difficulty,
d) property
2.значение
a)understanding,
b) beginning,
c
Exercise 24. Read and translate the following word combinations into Russian.
to care for children
to have an excellent opportunity
while he was translating the article
to win victory
Word Bingo
Look at the list of words given below. Write down any five words. The teacher is going to read the definitions of all the words in' random order. If you hear the definition of one of the words you
ALFRED NOBEL - A MAN OF CONTRASTS
Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire, a scientist who cared for literature, an industriali
Exercise 28. Find the key words to speak about the Nobel prize.
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh in 1847. His father was a world-famous teacher of speech and the inventor of a system which he calle
LITTLE-KNOWN FACTS ABOUT WELL-KNOWN PEOPLE
1. Was Einstein a capable or a backward (умственно отсталый) child?
Albeit Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of our age, yet in his childhood he was slow, shy
Part 13 Современные достижения науки. Перспективы развития науки.
Text 1. The implications ofnanotechnology
Exercise 1.Work with your partner. In your own language, think of four-six words to describe nanotechnology. Com
Exercise 4. Find the English equivalents.
Проблема, промежуточный, хранение, значение, избыток, борьба, нанотехнология, угол конвергенции, достоинство, увеличение, наночастицы, затраты, органы управления, питание, иметь дел
Exercise 7. Translate into English.
1. Нанотехнология имеет большое значение в медицине, инженерии, биологии, коммуникации.
2. Продукты, сделанные при помощи нанотехнологии не требуют большего труда и больших затрат.
Exercise 11. Complete the sentences.
1. Nanotechnology is the study of …................
2. We can directly control matter ....................
3. There has been much debate on the future .................
4
Exercise 20. Answer the questions.
1. What is the International Linear Collider?
2. Is it planned to have a collision energy of 500 GeV or 600 GeV?
3. What is the host country for the accelerator?
Exercise 24. Answer the questions.
1. Where is Silicon Valley situated?
2. What does Silicon Valley mean?
3. Why does Silicon Valley continue to be the leading high-tech hub?
4. By whom was
Exercise 29. Read the text quickly and choose the best title, A, B, or C.
A. The history of cabling and telecommunications.
B. A short introduction to optical fibres.
С. Uses of glass in industry and technology.
Exercise 43. Read the descriptions (A-D) of following things.
A. Letter opener clock
Desktop clock, thermometer, calendar, and letter opener
This gadget has got lots of helpful information -with the added ben
Exercise 45. Complete the definitions (1-7) with the highlighted words in the text. Use the glossary or your dictionary to help you.
1. A _________ is a good thing.
2. A __________ is a triangular block of glass.
3. ____________ are the pieces of glass you look through.
4. ____________
Exercise 51. Read and translate the text.
The first use of the concepts found in 'nano-technology' (but pre-dating use of that name) was in "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," a talk given by physicist Richard
Exercise 53. Read and translate the text.
A number of physical phenomena become pronounced as the size of the system decreases. These include statistical mechanical effects, as well as quantum mechanical effects, for exampl
Exercise 54. Give the summary of the text.
Molecular nanotechnology
Exercise 55.Read and translate the text.
Molecular nanotechnology, sometimes called molecular manufacturing, describes engineered nanosys
Exercise 57. Read and translate the text.
The electron source for the ILC will use 2-nanosecond laser light pulses to eject electrons from a photocathode, a technique allowing for up to 80% of the electrons to be polarized;
Exercise 61. Now complete the definitions (1-11) below with the units from Exercise 2 and the people in the box.
Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836) ■ Anders Celsius (1701-1744) Marie Curie (1867-1934) ■ Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) ■ James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) «Lord Kelvin (1
Cosmology - космология
Postulation – постулат, предварительное условие
Unification – объединение, унификация
To hinder – мешать, препятствовать, быть помехой
Elliptic - эллиптический
Spectrum of colours – цветовой спектр
Binomial theorem – бином Ньютона
Angular momentum – угловая скорость движения, кинетическая энергия
Equinox - равноденствие
At rest – в покое, неподвижный
To resolve the disagreement – разрешать разногласие
Pestilence – бубонная чума, мор, эпидемия ,поветрие
Dominant thread- доминирующая нить
Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilyevich is aRussian poet, scientist, and grammarian who is often considered the first great Russian linguistic reformer. He also made substantial contribution
Solution - раствор
Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleev was a Russian chemist. He is credited as being the primary creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. Mendeleev was born in Tobolsk,
Global warming
For millions of years, layers of gases have kept the Earth warm enough so that people, plants, and animals can live here. But some scientists are now concerned that the Earth' surface will warm up
Exercise 10. Read the article and choose the best title for it.
1. Teenagers ignore litter bins "to stay cool"
2. More litter bins in the streets!
3. Teenagers against litter
Teenagers have admitted they drop
Exercise 15. Study the grid of possible word combinations and solve the riddles.
bin
pipe
Can
waste
+
+
litter
How the greenhouse effect works
Gases like (1) carbon dioxide are important for the Earth's temperature. They let heat from the Sun reach the ground, and keep it there. In this way, they help to keep the E
GLOBAL WARMING
The Earth's climate is a very complicated system. What's more, it is now widely (0) .A. that human activity is having an effect on it. The pollution which (1).....from the use of oil and coa
Exercise 1. Read the text.
ATOMS, MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS
Water is abundant on Earth today - as a gas, as a liquid, and as a solid. The physical state of water depends on temperature. If the temperature is high enou
CARBOHYDRATES
All known types of living cells contain carbohydrates (KAR both HY drayts; carbo = carbon, hydrate =water). In addition to carbon atoms, carbohydrates contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the same
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