Grammar
Choose the right variant (a, b, c or d)
1. There … very little experimental work in this area so far.
a) was c) has been
b) will be d) is
2. This theory … to be rejected on the ground that it could not interpret the whole range of data.
a) should c) had
b) was able d) were
3. The contributions contain … original ideas than it could have been expected.
a) fewer c) minor
b) less d) smaller
4. … mention is made of his earlier work on the subject.
a) None c) Neither
b) No d) Nothing
5. He told us that the meeting … .
a) were being postponed c) would postpone
b) had postponed d) had been postponed
6. If I … more knowledgeable about the history of science, then, perhaps, I could answer this question.
a) had c) were
b) would d) should
7. The list has all the items … alphabetically.
a) arranging c) to arrange
b) arranged d) being arranged
8. It is desirable that the selection … with considerable care.
a) should be made c) had to be made
b) would be made d) was to be made
9. This … by applying another procedure.
a) may be achieved c) ought to achieve
b) may achieve d) have to be achieved
10. The work is not sufficiently advanced for any definite opinion of its validity … .
a) to form c) being formed
b) forming d) to be formed
11. The theorem is proved … quite usual methods.
a) used c) having used
b) being used d) using
12. … mainly at newcomers to this area, the book is written in simple language.
a) To aim c) Aiming
b) Having aimed d) Aimed
13. The hypothesis … next overcomes this difficulty.
a) considering c) being considered
b) to be considered d) to have been considered
14. There was a strong objection to our … this costly investigation.
a) being carried c) carrying
b) to carry d) to be carried
15. We must first make clear … the two important terms.
a) the way we are going to use b) how are we going to use
c) which way are we to use d) is there a way to use
16. There are several alternatives, … .
a) since the one with the least efforts solution is very difficult to pursue
b) the one with the least efforts solution being very difficult to pursue
c) though the one with the least efforts solution being very difficult to pursue
d) despite the one with the least efforts solution is very difficult to pursue
17. The crucial question is, therefore, … .
a) what are we dealing with
b) whether we are dealing with a universal process
c) when are we going to deal with this
d) whenever we are dealing with a universal process
18. …, it is more successful in asking questions than in answering them.
a) The book raising some interesting issues
b) Having raised some interesting issues in the book
c) When the book raises some interesting issues
d) While the book raises some interesting issues
19. Other kind of knowledge is extremely important … .
a) would we understand and interpret these data
b) that we understand and interpret these data
c) if we are to understand and interpret these data
d) for these data to understand and interpret
20. … even for readers not particularly interested in the theory per se.
a) Despite these flaws the paper is to be recommended
b) Given these flaws the paper is to be recommended
c) Seeing these flaws we can recommend the paper
d) We can recommend the paper provided these flaws