Choose one variant (a, b, c or d) which could be used in place of the word or phrase underlined without changing the meaning of the sentence

1. The engineers hope to eliminate these negative factors.

a) minimize c) restrict

b) remove d) discover

2. The question is whether the model can describe adequately the process concerned.

a) completely c) properly

b) thoroughly d) considerably

3. Considerable changes are currently taking place in the organization of research.

a) rapidly c) recently

b) shortly d) now

4. The issues dealt with under this topic aroused a heated discussion.

a) listed c) obtained

b) considered d) arisen

5. The laboratory is equipped with up-to-date instruments.

a) modern c) precise

b) universal d) available

6. When discussing this issue it may be useful to turn to nature as a model.

a) theory c) problem

b) copy d) hypothesis

7. Without using such materials it was impossible to perfect their operation.

a) change c) improve

b) guarantee d) check

8. The conflict between man and nature can be avoided by encouraging a scientific ecological education.

a) simulating c) creating

b) promoting d) improving

9. In most cases natural materials are substituted for by synthetic ones.

a) altered c) strengthened

b) replaced d) added

10. Study of their essential properties is going on a large scale.

a) fundamental c) positive

b) negative d) desirable