In the previous section we found that Grammar as a part of Language is a system presenting meaning through oppositions of variant of units. In this section we shall try to define Grammar as a science, that is an activity to understand and describe the Grammar of a Language.
As mentioned above traditionally the study named Grammar covers all spheres of Language not included into Lexicology, Phonetics and Stylistics. It is evident that the definition of Grammar as a study is quite different from the definition of Grammar as a part of Language. We may presuppose that it might result in the fact that Grammar as a study may include not all features that belong to Grammar as a part of Language and also may cover some fields that do not actually belong to Grammar as a part of Language. And it is really so.
Some phonetical features such as intonational pattern representing different communicative meanings by opposing each other are traditionally analysed by Phonetics and Phonology though they should by definition belong to the grammatical study because the represent certain meanings through opposition of their forms. Besides there is another limitation of the scope of Grammar - the units analysed grammatically should not be larger than the sentence. At the same time grammarians have to deal with all features of sentences, even those which do not express meanings by oppositions of their forms. It concerns mostly the so called referential meaning of sentences. E.g. the sentence "Mike has a book" is to be classified as a relational, while the sentence "Mike reads a book" as an actional one though they both have identical structure.
At the same time the units large than the sentence may have their formal oppositions reflecting certain meaningful differences, but they are usually treated not in Grammar but in new linguistic disciplines such as Text Linguistics and Pragmalinguistics.
Thus grammatical studies (Grammar as a linguistic discipline) cover grammatical features of words and grammatical, semantic and structural features of sentences. In this course we shall spread the domain of Grammar as a study to cover some grammatical features of all linguistic units even those that traditionally are not included into grammatical textbooks.