The sentence was defined as a model of some fragment of the world. Besides it is a word or a group of words having predicativity. predicativity was defined as reference of the contents of the utterance to the reality. It means that alongside with the predicativity the sentence has some contents. This contents should somehow correlate with some fragment of the outer world being its model. So a sentence alongside with its grammatical meanings (predicativity, functional perspective and communicative types) has referential meaning which can be compared to the lexical meaning of a word. Though this referential meaning cannot be treated as grammatical, its analysis and description traditionally belong to the domain of grammar. There are several ways of analysing and describing this meaning. They may be grouped into five trends. These trends sometimes seem to be opposite to each other and even antagonistic but in fact they are either detailization of each other or they lay specific trace on different aspects of this complex and complicated problem. The oldest and widely spread up till now is the method of members of the sentence. Much later and almost simultaneously appeared two theories —the valence theory and generative (transformational) syntax. A bit later deep case grammar and independent of it but logically close to it syntaxemic grammar were developed. All these approaches to the referential semantics of a sentence were summarised in a theoretical framework called compositional syntax.