1. Cognitive psychology is a school of thought in psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. It had its foundations in the Gestalt psychology. Cognitive psychologists are interested in how people understand, diagnose, and solve problems, concerning themselves with the mental processes which mediate between stimulus and response. Cognitive theory contends that solutions to problems take the form of algorithms – rules that are not necessarily understood but promise a solution, or heuristics – rules, that are understood but that do not always guarantee solutions. In other instances, solutions may be found through insight, a sudden awareness of relationships.
2. Cognitive psychology is one of the more recent additions to psychological research, having only developed as a separate area within the discipline since the late 1950s and early 1960s. Ulrich Neisser coined the term ‘cognitive psychology’ in his book published in 1967 where he gives the definition of cognitive psychology characterizing people as dynamic information-processing systems whose mental operations might be described in computational terms.
3. This way of conceiving mental processes has spread psychology more generally over the past few decades, and it is not uncommon to find cognitive theories within social psychology, personality psychology, abnormal psychology, and developmental psychology; the application of cognitive theories to comparative psychology has driven many recent studies in animal cognition.
4. Because of the use of computational metaphors and terminology, cognitive psychology was able to benefit greatly from the flourishing of research in artificial intelligence and other related ideas in the 1960s and 1970s. In fact, it developed as one of the significant aspects of the inter-disciplinary subject of cognitive science, which attempts to integrate a range of approaches in research on.
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Personal internal mental processes are the subject of studying in cognitive psychology.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) истинным
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ28 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Cognitive psychology has been bringing much to the science of psychology since the beginning of the 20th century.
1) истинным
2) в тексте нет информации
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ29 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
It’s possible to find cognitive theories within behaviorist psychology.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ30 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Artificial intelligence contributed greatly to the development of comparative psychology.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ31 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
In the second half of the 20th century cognitive psychology started to exist not as a part of the science of psychology but as a separate area.
1) 4 2) 1
3) 2 4) 3
ЗАДАНИЕ32 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The way of interaction of human’s stimulus and his response is the question under consideration for cognitive psychologists.
1) 4 2) 3
3) 1 4) 2
ЗАДАНИЕ33 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Ответьте на вопрос:
What are algorithms?
1) Rules that are always understood by people and give a certain solution.
2) Integral parts of heuristics.
3) Rules that give a certain solution but not always understood by people.
4) Decisions that people take solving a task.
ЗАДАНИЕ34 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите основную идею текста
1) Cognitive psychology became a separate area in the middle of the 20th century.
2) Cognitive psychology contributed a lot to the development of artificial intelligence.
3) Cognitive psychology has recently greatly developed and its theories can be found in many other areas of psychology.
4) Using the knowledge of cognitive psychology it’s possible to predict and understand human mental processes.