1. As a word religion is difficult to define, but as a human experience it is widely familiar. The 20th century German-born US theologian Paul Tillich gave a simple and basic definition of the word: “Religion is ultimate concern.” This means the religion encompasses that to which people are most devoted or that from which they expect to get the most fundamental satisfaction of life. Consequently, religion provides adequate answers to such basic questions as What are the origins of the world? What is the meaning of human life? Why do people die and what happens afterwards? Why is there evil? How should people behave?
2. The word religion comes from the Latin word religio, which to the ancient Romans represented all the unknown forces around them that inspired awe and anxiety. Their religion was based on establishing mutual trust between the divine and human in order to secure the benevolence of the gods and their help in mastering those unknown forces.
3. Regardless of definitions, most religions (as the word is normally used) have certain elements in common. These include common rituals to perform, prayers to recite, places to frequent or avoid, holy days to keep, a body of literature to read and study, truths to affirm, leaders to follow, and ordinances to obey. many have buildings set aside for worship, and there are activities such as prayer, sacrifice, contemplation, and perhaps magic.
4. The existence of religion is rooted in the fundamental human desire to try to understand the origin of the world, why there is death, or the answers to other basic questions. Thus, all statements about God or the gods are statements of belief. The assertion that there is no God – atheism – also is a statement of belief. In the case of religions based on supposedly historical events, interpretations of those events are accepted by believers as true, while nonbelievers may arrive at completely different interpretations.
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Rituals are ones of the basic elements of any religion.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) истинным
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ28 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Religion is connected with human wish to find answers to the questions about world.
1) истинным
2) в тексте нет информации
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ29 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
The Latin word “religion” meant trust and belief.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ30 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Monotheistic religions center on the belief in and worship of one, unique God.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ31 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
In some religions believers attend special buildings in order to go through certain rituals.
1) 4 2) 1
3) 2 4) 3
ЗАДАНИЕ32 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The essence of religion is connected with the question of belief.
1) 4 2) 3
3) 1 4) 2
ЗАДАНИЕ33 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Ответьте на вопрос:
How can religion be defined?
1) Religion is unknown forces of human life.
2) Religion is a matter that is of importance and devotion to a person.
3) Religion is a human experience.
4) It is not possible to define religion.
ЗАДАНИЕ34 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите основную идею текста
1) Religion is dealt with a person’s relation to God or gods, moral conduct and participation in rituals.
2) There are several definitions of the word “religion’.
3) Most religions have common elements.
4) Believers and nonbelievers have different interpretations of events.