1. Perception (in humans) is the process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint product of the stimulation and of the process itself. Relations found between various types of stimulation (for example, light waves and sound waves) and their associated percepts suggest inferences that can be made about the properties of the perceptual process; theories of perceiving then can be developed on the basis of these inferences. Because the perceptual process is not itself public or directly observable, the validity of perceptual theories can be checked only indirectly. That is, predictions derived from theory are compared with appropriate empirical data, quite often through experimental research.
2. Historically, systematic thought about perceiving was the province of philosophy. Indeed, perceiving remains of interest to philosophers, and many issues about the process that were originally raised by philosophers, however, the investigation of perception has especially developed as part of the larger discipline of psychology.
3. Philosophical interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and validity of what is called human knowledge. Epistemologists ask whether a real, physical world exists independently of human experience and, if so, how its properties can be learned and how the truth or accuracy of that experience can be determined. They also ask whether there are innate ideas or whether all experience originates through contact with the physical world, mediated by the sense organs.
4. For the most part, psychology by passes such questions in favour of problems that can be handled by its special methods. The remnants of such philosophical question, however, do remain; researches are still concerned, for example, with the relative contributions of innate and larned factors to the perceptual process.
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Some theories of perceiving are developed on the basis of conclusions made by psychologists.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) истинным
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ28 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Scientifics who study epistemology analyze the interrelations of physical world and human experience.
1) истинным
2) в тексте нет информации
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ29 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
The existence of a physical world is taken for granted among most scientific student.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ30 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Philosophers don’t take any interest in the process of perceiving.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ31 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Philosophy and psychology are in close relations in the investigation of perception.
1) 4 2) 1
3) 2 4) 3
ЗАДАНИЕ32 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The problems of the epistemologists consider relate to the human knowledge.
1) 4 2) 3
3) 1 4) 2
ЗАДАНИЕ33 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Ответьте на вопрос:
What is percept?
1) It is the province of philosophy.
2) It is a return to earlier stages of development.
3) It is the synthesis of simpler elements.
4) It is the ability to notice something by seeing, hearing, smelling etc.
ЗАДАНИЕ34 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите основную идею текста
1) The investigation of perception is a part of the larger discipline of psychology.
2) Perceiving has two approaches of investigation: psychological and philosophical.
3) The behaviouristic approach doesn’t rule out the scientific investigation of perception.
4) Scientists have made a great step in studying the perceptual process.