1. During the 19th century Britain was transformed from a mainly agricultural society into an industrial one. This change has been called the Industrial Revolution because of the dramatic effect it had on the British way of life. People moved to the rapidly expanding towns and cities, railways were developed to transport goods around the country and by 1900 Britain has become a major world power.
2. The coal and iron found in the North-east, the Midlands, Scotland and South Wales provided the power for factories in those areas. The waterways of Newcastle and Glasgow provided easy access to the sea and ship-building industries flourished. Cotton arrived at the great port of Liverpool from the USA and India to be made into cloth in the textile industries nearby. The sheep in the Yorkshire dales provided wool and the coalfields powered the mills. The humid climate of Lancashire was particularly good for the cotton- spinning process. By 1900 Britain was producing over a third of the world’s manufactured goods and had earned the title “The Workshop of the World”.
3. The Industrial Revolution was built on the use of machines in factories. Since the 1950s Britain’s manufacturing industries have replaced the machine operators with computers and this ‘automation’ has led to a decline in the number of employees in manufacturing industries. More manufactures goods are bought and used than ever before but a lot of these goods are imported. By the beginning of the 20th century other industrial countries, like the USA, were competing with Britain’s exports and countries in the Far East have been able to provide cheaper products since the 1970s.
4. During the last 40 years there has been a rise in smaller industries, known as ‘light industries’. These industries use electricity and are not dependent on raw materials such as coal so they are ‘footloose’, i.e. they can be located anywhere. Many light industries are located on the edge of towns or on industrial estates.
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Britain is one of the first industrialized nations.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) истинным
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ28 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
The US has been competing with Britain since the times if the Industrial Revolution.
1) истинным
2) в тексте нет информации
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ29 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
The climate and the geographical position contributed to the success of the British economy during the Industrial Revolution.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ30 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Britain and the Soviet Union competed in the industrial sphere in the 20th century.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ31 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Light industries are not connected with any manufacturing or source of raw materials.
1) 4 2) 1
3) 2 4) 3
ЗАДАНИЕ32 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The 19th century changes were called a “revolution”.
1) 4 2) 3
3) 1 4) 2
ЗАДАНИЕ33 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Ответьте на вопрос:
Why was Britain called “The Workshop of the World” in the 19th century?
1) Because of growing importance of Britain in the world.
2) Because it was able to compete successfully with the USA and the countries of the Far East.
3) Because of growing prosperity of its inhabitants.
4) Because it produced more manufactured goods than any other country.
Task 34 (- выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите основную идею текста
1) Britain should preserve its industrial heritage in spite of all modern challenges.
2) The industrial heritage of Britain is being re-examined now.
3) Britain has remained one of the most important industrialized countries in the world.
4) The appearance of machines has changed the world of industry forever.