I. Read and lean new words:
1. multimodal
2. mode of transport
3. ship's rail
4. critical point of responsibility
5. risk of loss or damage
– ìóëüòèìîäàëüíûé
– âèä òðàíñïîðòà
– ðåéëèíã ñóäíà
– êðèòè÷åñêàÿ òî÷êà îòâåòñòâ-òè
– ðèñê óòðàòû èëè ïîâðåæäåíèÿ òîâàðà
6. terminal
7. pallet
8. through
9. assume responsibility
10. port of shipment
11. port of discharge
– ãðóçîâûå ñêëàäû ñ ñîðòèðîâî÷-
íûìè óñòðîéñòâàìè â ïîðòàõ
– ïîääîí
– ñêâîçíîé
– âçÿòü íà ñåáÿ îòâåòñòâåííîñòü
– ïîðò îòãðóçêè
– ïîðò ðàçãðóçêè
12. receipt
13. vehicle
14. fulfill obligations
15. meet the requirements
– ïîëó÷åíèå, ðàñïèñêà â ïîëó÷-è
– òðàíñïîðòíîå ñðåäñòâî
– âûïîëíÿòü îáÿçàòåëüñòâà
– óäîâëåòâîðÿòü òðåáîâàíèÿì, îáåñïå÷èòü ïîòðåáíîñòè
16. RO/RO Roll on/Roll off
17. ferry
18. custody
19. wagon
20. carrier
– ìåòîä òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ãðóçîâ ñ ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé ïîãðóçêîé è âûãðóçêîé
– ïàðîì
– õðàíåíèå
– òîâàðíûé âàãîí
– ïåðåâîç÷èê
21. carry – âåçòè, ïåðåâîçèòü
22. carriage – ïåðåâîçêà, òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà
23. by rail – ïî æåëåçíîé äîðîãå
24. quay (wharf) – ïðè÷àë
25. lighter – ëèõòåð
26. on board a ship – íà áîðòó ñóäíà
27. marine insurance – ìîðñêîå ñòðàõîâàíèå
28. insured – ñòðàõîâàòåëü (ëèöî, îòäàþùåå
èìóùåñòâî íà ñòðàõîâàíèå)
29. insurer – ñòðàõîâùèê (ëèöî, ïðèíèìàþ-
ùåå èìóùåñòâî íà ñòðàõîâ-å)
30. insurance premium – ñòðàõîâàÿ ïðåìèÿ (ñòð.âçíîñ)
II. Read and translate the text "Incoterms".
The new system of multimodal shipment in international trade is reflected in the International Commercial Terms (Incoterms 1980 ).
Ex Works
“Ex Works“ means that the seller’s only responsibility is to make the goods available at his premises (i.e. works or factory). In particular he is not responsible for loading the goods in the vehicle provided by the buyer, unless otherwise agreed. The buyer bears the full cost and risk involved in bringing the goods from there to the desired destination. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller.
Free Carrier ... (named point)
This term has been designed to meet the requirements of modern transport, particularly such «multimodal» transport as container or "roll on-roll off" traffic by trailers and ferries. It is based on the same main principle as FOB except that the seller fulfils his. obligations when he delivers the goods into the custody of the carrier at the named point.
For/Fot
FOR and FOT mean «Free on Rail» and "Free on Truck". These terms are synonymous since the word "Truck" relates to the railway wagons. They should only be used when the goods are to be carried by railway.
Fob Airport
FOB Airport is based on the same main principle as the ordinary FOB term. The seller fulfils his obligations by delivering the goods to the air carrier at the airport of departure. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been so delivered.
FAS
FAS means «Free Alongside Ship». Under this term the seller's obligations are fulfilled when the goods have been placed alongside the ship on the quay or in lighters. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment.
FOB
FOB means «Free on Board». The goods are placed on board the ship by the seller at a port of shipment named in the sales contract. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferied from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship's rail.
C&F
Ñ & F means «Cost and Freight». The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named destination, but the risk of loss îf or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment.
GIF
GIF means «Cost, Insurance and Freight». This term is basically the same as Ñ & F but with the addition that the seller has to procure marine insurance against the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts with the insurer and pays the insurance premium.
Freight Carriage Paid To
Like C&F «Freight or Carriage paid to...» means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination. However, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been de livered into the custody of the first carrier and not at the ship's rail. It can be used for all modes of trans port including multimodal operations and container or roll on-roll off traffic by trailers and ferries. When the Seller has to furnish a bill of lading, waybill or carrier's receipt, he duly fulfills this obligation by presenting such a document issued by the person with whom he has contracted for carriage to the named destination.
Freight Carriage and Insurance Paid To...
This term is the same as «Freight or Carriage Paid to...» but with the addition that the seller has to procure transport insurance against the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts with the insurer and pays the insurance premium.
EX Ship
«EX Ship» means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract.
EX Quay
"EX Quay" means that the seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay (wharf) at the destination named in the sales contract.
Delivered at Frontier
"Delivered at Frontier" means that the seller's obligations are fulfilled when the goods have arrived at the frontier — but before «the customs border" of the country named in the sales contract.
Delivered Duty Paid
While the term «Ex Works" signifies the seller's minimum obligation, the term «Delivered Duty Paid", when followed by words naming the buyer's premises denotes the other extreme — the seller's maximum obligation. The term «Delivered Duty Paid» may be used irrespective of the mode of transport.
Notes:
«Incoterms» — «Ìåæäóíàðîäíûå ïðàâèëà òîëêîâàíèÿ êîììåð÷åñêèõ òåðìèíîâ». Ðàçðàáîòàíû Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé Òîðãîâîé Ïàëàòîé, Ñáîðíèê «Incoterms 1980» ñîäåðæèò ïðàâèëà òîëêîâàíèÿ 14 áàçèñíûõ óñëîâèé ïîñòàâêè:
EXW – EX works – ôðàíêî-çàâîä, ñ çàâîäà
FRC – Free carrier... named point – ñâîáîäíî ó ïåðåâîç÷èêà (â ïîèìåíîâàííîì ïóíêòå)
FOR/FOT – Free on Rail/Truck – ôðàíêî-âàãîí, ñâîáîäíî â âàãîíå èëè íà ïëàòôîðìå
FOA – FOB Airport – ñâîáîäíî â àýðîïîðòó
FAS – Free alongside ship – ñâîáîäíî âäîëü áîðòà ñóäíà
FOB – Free on Board – ñâîáîäíî íà áîðòó ñóäíà
CFR – Ñ and F – Cost and Freight – ÊÀÔ-ñòîèìîñòü è ôðàõò
CIF – Cost, Insurance, Freight – ÑÈÔ-ñòîèìîñòü ñòðàõîâàíèå, ôðàõò
Freight/Carriage paid to – ôðàõò/ïðîâîçíàÿ ïëàòà îïëà÷åíû äî...
Freight/Carriage and Insurance paid to – ôðàõò/ ïðîâîçíàÿ ïëàòà è ñòðàõîâàíèå îïëà÷åíû äî...
Ex Ship – ñ ñóäíà
Ex Quay – ñ ïðèñòàíè
DAF – Delivered at Frontier – ïîñòàâëåíî íà ãðàíèöå
DDP – Delivered Duty Paid – ïîñòàâëåíî ñ îïëàòîé ïîøëèíû
1. Answer the questions:
1. What does the term «multimodal transport» mean?
2. What is regarded as the critical point now?
3. What document is issued in combined transport?
4. What mode of transport do you use for carriage of goods?
5. Where are critical points of responsibility under Incoterms?