a. eclectic approach; f. systemic desensitization
b. empathy g. aversive conditioning
c. insight h. antipsychotic drugs
d. free association i. active listening
e. unconditional positive regard
1. Patients with schizophrenia are often treated with ___________. 2. A technique in which people are urged to imagine a feared situation in order to extinguish the fear is called ___________. 3. Some psychotherapists use a(n) ___________ to therapy, using different methods. 4. In a communication technique called __________ the client-centred therapist tries to echo back the feelings the client has expressed. 5. _________, or people’s understanding of their unconscious motives , is the first step toward gaining control over their behaviour. 6. An effective psychotherapist has _____________ or a capacity for warmth and understanding. 7. In a technique called _____________, individuals learn to associate negative feelings with the behavior they want to avoid. 8. Talking about everything that comes to mind is called __________ . 9. Client-centred therapy is conducted in an atmosphere of emotional support called ____________ .
Key:1. antipsychotic drugs; 2. systemic desensitization; 3. eclectic approach; 4. active listening; 5. insight; 6. empathy; 7. aversive conditioning; 8. free association; 9. unconditional positive regard.
Task 10. Review the graph below, then, answer the questions that follow:
Psychologists’ Approaches
Cognitive behavioral 45%
Psychodynamic 24%
Interpersonal 8%
Behavioral/
Social learning 7%
Humanistic 7%
Systems 6%
Other 3%
1. What percentage of psychologists uses behavior therapies? Interpersonal therapies?
2. What type of psychotherapy is used by the greatest percentage of psychologists. Why do you think this is so?
3. What type of psychotherapy is used by the second greatest percentage of psychologists. Why do you think this is so?
4. What type of psychotherapy is used by the lowest percentage of psychologists. Why do you think this is so?
5. Psychodynamic therapy (or a short-term dynamic psychotherapy) is an approach that is similar to psychoanalysis. Why do you think more therapists practice psychodynamic therapy rather than classical psychoanalysis?
4. How popular do you think biological approaches are? Why do you think so?
Task 11. To illustrate how psychoanalytic therapy works, here are two examples or clinical vignette of an individual with different problems, forgetfulness and being overweight. Read the clinical examples of psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapy below. Role play these therapeutic sessions narrating/relating these events in the 1st person in the form of a dialogue between a client and a psychologist.