Grammar:
The Verb to have
Существует три основных употребления глагола to have.
1. В первом случае он используется для сообщения о наличии какого-либо предмета, объекта и имеет значение «иметь, обладать», например: I have/have got many English books. В данном случае в отрицательных предложениях и при постановке вопросов не используется дополнительный вспомогательный глагол, например: I haven’t/haven’t got any English books. Have you/Have you got any English books?
2. Во втором употреблении глагол to have в сочетании с некоторыми существительными (class, lesson, shower, dinner, lunch, breakfast, rest и т.д.) утрачивает свое первоначальное значение «иметь, обладать» и приобретает значение, обусловленное существительным, с которым он сочетается, например: I have classes in the morning – У меня занятие утром.
В данном случае глагол to have используется как обычный глагол и может употребляться во временах групп Simple, Continuous и Perfect.
3. В третьем случае глагол to have употребляется в модальном значении и переводится как «должен, вынуждении, приходится». В этом случае за ним всегда следует другой глагол в инфинитиве с частицей to, например: I have work hard to do well in the exams.
В настоящем времени в отрицательных предложениях и вопросах в предложениях данного типа используется вспомогательный глагол do, например: I do not (don’t) have to resit my English exam. Do you have to sit your English exam tomorrow?
В прошедшем времени в отрицательных предложениях и вопросах в предложениях данного типа используется вспомогательный глагол did, например: I did not (didn’t) have to resit my English exam last year. Did you have to sit your English exam last week?
В будущем времени в отрицательных предложениях и вопросах в предложениях данного типа используется вспомогательный глагол will, например: I will not (won’t) have to resit my English exam next week. Will you have to sit your English exam next week?
Task 1. Answer the following questions using the pattern and the words suggested:
| Do we have to work in the laboratory now? (No/from 1p.m. till 2p.m.) – No, we have to work in the laboratory from 1p.m. till 2p.m. |
1. Do they have to write a test tomorrow? (No/the day after tomorrow)
2. Do we have to start the laboratory work now? (No/next Thursday)
3. Do I have to go to an out-patient clinic now? (No/next week)
4. Does she have to re-sit for the test right now? (No/in an hour)
5. Does he have to take this medicine once a day? (No/three times a day)
6. Do I have to make an appointment with the doctor today? (No/on Wednesday)
7. Do I have to counsel this patient now? (No/tomorrow)
8. Does she have to present her essay tomorrow? (No/today)
9. Do we have to submit our manuscripts tomorrow? (No/today)
Task 2. Give short negative answers followed by statements in which the words suggested are to be used:
| Did you have to return the book yesterday? (the day before yesterday) – No, I didn’t. I had to return it the day before yesterday. |
1. Did she have to explain her absence to the lecturer? (to the Dean)
2. Did you have to learn this material for today? (for the day before yesterday)
3. Did the assistant professor to deliver the lecture in the afternoon? (in the morning)
4. Did we have to attend the conference last week? (a fortnight ago)
5. Did we have to present our reports to the instructor yesterday? (on Friday)
6. Did I have to get in touch with her yesterday? (the day before yesterday)
7. Did I have to get a permission paper to make up for the classes I was absent from at the department? (in the Dean’s office)
8. Did she have to send them an e-mail on Friday? (on Thursday)
9. Did we have to call you yesterday to find out the details about our homework? (the day before yesterday)
Task 3. Express the obligation to do the following actions in the future. Use the words suggested:
| I needn’t do it now. But I will have to do it tomorrow. |
1. You needn’t go to the laboratory now. (in an hour)
2. You needn’t clean the blackboard now. (in a few minutes)
3. I needn’t return the book to the library today. (next week)
4. You needn’t switch on the light now. (when it gets dark)
5. You needn’t wear white gowns now. (when the class starts)
6. You needn’t copy these exercises out now. (at home)
7. She needn’t re-sit for her test today. (tomorrow)
8. He needn’t learn everything that is on pages 34-39 now. (tomorrow)
9. You needn’t go there now. (in two hours)
Task 4. Read the following sentences. Translate them, classify different meanings of the verb «to have». Make the sentences negative and interrogative:
1. I have a desire to contribute in a positive way to society. 2. She had no doubt that her profession was very important. 3. You have to try to be honest with your clients. 4. We will have three classes tomorrow. 5. I have no idea where he is. 6. Social maturity has something to do with a high degree of social skill. 7. At present we have a number of means of communication – via e-mail, telephone, skype and others. 8. He had difficulty in expressing his thoughts clearly. 9. We had the advantage of knowing the answer in advance. 10. We will have plentiful career opportunities when we graduate from the university. 11. She had to handle the stressful situation alone. 12. Her words had nothing to do with my reaction. 13. They will have a lot to do tomorrow. 14. I have to work hard to catch up with other students after my long absence. 15. She had potential to cope with stressful situations.
Task 5. Fill in the appropriate form of the verb to have (have, has, have to, has to, had, had to, will have, will have to):
1. The psychologist reported that the simple exercise … a positive impact on her condition. 2. Social workers … struggle to learn about what AIDS really is. 3. Social workers who go into medical social work in a healthcare system … many opportunities to increase their medical knowledge. 4. I couldn’t come yesterday as I … an appointment with my psychologist. 5. She … quit the college as her parents could not support her any longer. 6. A clinical psychologist … be able to find a way with his clients. 7. Students must … access to a good library. 8. You … hardly any success in your career unless you are well qualified. 9. It is important for social workers to be part of interdisciplinary team and … a network of consultants available to them. 10. This pharmacy … no wheelchair access. 11. In the final year of study we … a deep understanding of major psychological problems. 12. Many women in addiction … no role model for parenting because their mothers were addicted. 13. Postgraduate students should … all the necessary research skills. 14. This psychodynamic approach … benefits for patients with personality disorders. 15. She … do the household chores when she stayed with her aunt.
Task 6. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
1. Она не имела никакого отношения к их спору. 2. У вас будут трудности при сдаче экзамена по иностранному языку, так как вы пропускаете занятия. 3. Социальные работники и клинические психологи должны иметь много специальных медицинских знаний. 4. Пациенту не нужно просто следовать тому, что говорит врач, он может активно участвовать в выборе лечения. 5. У него были проблемы (трудности) с адаптацией к новой обстановке в новой школе. 6. У этого психолога прекрасные коммуникативные навыки. 7. Мне придется писать рефераты по нескольким предметам в этом семестре. 8. Какие занятия у вас по пятницам? 9. Мне не нужно переписывать контрольную, я получила «5». 10. У вас была лекция по психологии на прошлой неделе? 11. Приходилось ли тебе раньше не спать по ночам, готовясь к экзаменам? 12. У него не было выбора. Он вынужден был уйти. 13. В какое время он обычно ужинает? 14. Хорошо ли вы провели время на вечере первокурсника? 15. Имеют ли эти факты отношение к этому несчастному случаю?
Reading and Speech Practice