Comment on the meaning of the modal verbs and translate the sentences into Russian;

Все темы данного раздела:

SPEECH PATTERNS
1. We must prevent him from leaving. The cold wet weather prevented the Lowood girls from go­ing for long walks. His rheumatism often prevented Salvatore from doing anythin

EXERCISES
I. Change the sentences, using the patterns: Pattern 1: 1. The explorers could not reach the southern boundaries of the desert because of the scorching heat and lack of fr

V. Think of short situations in which you can use these patterns.
TEXT. SEEING PEOPLE OFF By Max Beerbohm On a cold grey morning of last week I duly turned up at Euston to see off an old friend who was starting for America.

VOCABULARY NOTES
1. serveυt/i 1. служить, е.g. No man can serve two mas­ters. He serves as gardener (no article!). He served three years in the army (navy). These s

NOTES ON STYLE
1. There are two main characters in this story: Le Ros and the narratоr, i. e. the person telling the story (also called "the I of the story"). The narrator is an assumed personality and

EXERCISES
1. Bead the text and explain the following points (A. Grammar, B. Word usage, C. Style): A.1. Explain the use of tenses in: a) the second sentence

B) Explain the difference between the synonyms within each pair. (See Notes on p. 18.) When in doubt, consult dictionaries.
IV. Answer the questions. Argue your answers: 1. Where is the scene laid in the story? 2. How did the seers-off feel and why? What were they doing to pass the time? 3. Wha

B) give antonyms oft
familiar adj, obey υ, departure n, light n, light υ; c) give derivatives of: press, serve, prevent, earn, obey, famil

XI. Try your band at teaching.
Say what yon would do in the teacher's position: Mary was an excellent pupil from the first day she en­tered school. She was known to all the teachers as "the ex­cept

B) Give a summary of the story.
ХIII. Translate these sentences into English: 1. Что-то помешало мне пойти на прощальный ужин. 2. Лицо моего спутника показалось мне знакомым, я, должно быть, где-то видел

TEXT A. DIFFERENT MEANS OF TRAVEL .
Alex: Personally 1 hate seeing people off. I prefer being seen off myself. I'm extremely fond of travelling and feel terri­bly envious of any friend who is going anywhere. I can't help feeling I sh

TEXT В. АТ ТНЕ STATION
F.: Well, here we are at last! When I get into the boat-train, I feel that holidays have already begun. Have you got the tickets, Jan? J.: Yes, here they are. I booked seats for you and me

TEXT С. A VOYAGE ROUND EUROPE
L.: Hello, Anne. Are you back from your holidays already? Ooo, you're lovely and brown! Where have you been? A.: Oh, I've had a fantastic timeJ I've just been on a cruise round Europe with

NOTES ON SYNONYMS
The act of travelling can be described by a number of synonyms which differ by various implications (see Notes on Synonyms, p. 18). They all describe the act of going from one place to another (tha

EXERCISES
I. Answer the questions. Be careful to argue your case well: 1. What means of travel do you know? 2. Why are many people fond of travelling? 3. Why do some people like tra

VII. Role-playing.
Work in groups of four or five: You are a family deciding on the type of holiday you will go on next summer. Then report to the other families on your final decision, expl

IX. Make up dialogues.
Suggested situations: A. Two friends are discussing different ways of spending their holidays. They both want to travel, but one of them is an enthusiast ready for anything and the other i

A Sea Trip
"No", said Harris, "if you want rest and change, you can't beat a sea trip." I objected to the sea trip strongly. A sea trip does you good when you are going to have a

ХIII. Try your hand at teaching.
1. Arrange and run a conversation on the following text: The Only Way to Travel Is on Foot When anthropologists turn their attention to the twenti­eth cent

I. SPEECH PATTERNS
1. They were about Mrs. Burlow's age, so were the attendants. "I tell you I was moved. So were you, I dare say." "I wasn't trying to act. 1 really felt."

EXERCISES
I. Change the sentences, using the patterns: Pattern 2: 1. The Murdstones thought that David was disobedient. 2. Everybody found that there was some­thing mysterious about

V. Write 12 questions suggesting answers with these patterns. (The questions in Ex. IV may serve as a model.)
TEXT. ROSE AT THE MUSIC-HALL From "They Walk in the City" by J. B. Priestley Priestley, John Bointon (1894-1984) is the author of numerous novels,

VOCABULARY NOTES
1. wayn 1. путь, дорога, е.g. The way we took lay through the forest. Syn. road, path, track. 2. направление, е.g. Can you sho

EXERCISES
1. Bead the text and explain the following points (A. Grammar, B. Word usage, С. Style): A.1. Explain the use of tenses in: a) "...a performer said h

And write your own sentences with the same words and phrases.
IV. Answer the questions: 1. When did Rose and Mrs. Burlow arrive at the music-hall? 2. Where were their seats? 3. Were the stalls expen­sive? 4. In what way did the audie

A) be anxious, worry, trouble, bother.
1. She always ... when she doesn't get my letters for a long time. 2. The letter that informed us of her unexpected departure greatly ... me. 3. I knew that he would willingly help me, but I didn't

ХIII. Make up a story, using the words and phrases from Essential Vocabulary I.
XIV. Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Войдя в холл, она посмотрела вокруг и направилась к зерка­лу. 2. Она ухватилась за мою руку, чтобы не упасть. 3. Мы

Synonyms within the following pairs differ by style. Point out which of them are bookish, colloquial or neutral.
(Consult the context in which they are used in the text.) picture house — cinema to get on in years — to age to endeavour — to try to sing (perform) — to render d

Extend the following sentences according to the model.
4. Write a spelling-translation test: a) translate the phrases into English; b) check them with the key. 5. Listen to the text "Chaplin" or the story of

TEXT B. AT THE BOX-OFFICE
— I want four seats for Sunday, please. — Matinee or evening performance? — Evening, please. — Well, you can have very good seats in the stalls. Row F. — Oh, no!

TEXT С. PANTOMIMES
Sally: Tony, there's an advertisement in the local paper saying that the theatre in the High Street is putting on "Cin­derella". I haven't seen a pantomime for years and years. Do you fan

EXERCISES
I. Answer the following questions: A. 1. What is the centre of theatrical activity in Great Britain? 2. Which theatrical companies receive financial sup­p

IV. Retell Text С in your own words.
Speak on your favourite genre (opera, drama, ballet, comedy, musical, etc). Why do you like it? V. Translate the following into English: Когда мы

B) Make up dialogues discussing the points above.
VIII. a) Supply articles where necessary: Chekhov's play "... Sea-gull" was first staged in ... Alexan-drinsky Theatre in... Petersburg. It was ... complete fail

XI. Sole-playing.
At a Theatre Festival St. A: a famous producer St. В.: a celebrated actor St. C: a talented young actress, who made an immediate hit with her sensitive and moving perform

B) Comment on the fragments above.
ХIII. Speak individually or arrange a discussion on the following: 1. Why is it that people go to the theatre? What do they look for there? 2. What is your favour

Classroom English. (Revision);
a)It's the last period on Saturday. The lesson is coming to an end. You are pleased with the work you and the pupils have done. You find that you just have about 3 — 4 minutes to h

IV. Blackboard Activity
Come out to the board, please (when the teacher is at the front of the class). Go to the board (when the teacher is standing at the back of the class). Move out of the way (step a

VI. Textbook Activity
Collect in the papers (sheets, texts, word lists, handouts, tests), please. Fetch the dictionaries from the teacher's room (staff-room). You will have to share (your book) with Ni

VII. Class Control
Could I have your attention, please? Look this way. / Look up for a moment. Be quiet! Everyone listen. Don't all shout. / Don't talk at once. Get on with your wo

Discussion. Opinions
I would like to begin the discussion on the subject by ... From the point of view of ... Additionally ... It has been pointed out that... I'd just like to say ... I think, (suppos

SECTION ONE. Review of Fundamental Intonation Patterns and Their Use
PATTERN 1: (LOW PRE-HEAD+ ) LOW FALL (+ТАП.) Models: ,Yes. I'm a ,doctor. PATTERN П: (LOW PRE-HEAD +) DESCENDING HEAD + LOW FALL (+ TAIL) Model

The exercises below are meant to revise the intonation patterns you already know.
I. Read the following conversational situations. Define the communica­tive type of the replies. Say what attitudes are conveyed in them. Give your own replies to the same conversational con

Practise reading the joke several times.
Reproduce the model narration of the joke: Young Peter came in one day bursting with excitement. Walking down the main street he had suddenly discovered he was side-by-sid

EXERCISES
1. listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Concen­trate your attention on the intonation of the replies: Verbal Context

Listen to a fellow-student reading the replies and point out his (her) errors in pronunciation.
6. Listen to the Verbal Contest said by a fellow-student. Make your replies sound lovely, warm, airy. Use the proper intonation patterns. Con­tinue the exercise until everyone has participa

E) exclamations, very emotional.
10. Practise the following dialogues. Use the High Fall in them. Ob­serve the attitudes you convey: — Oh, dear! Oh! — I'm so sorry! I do hope I haven't hurt you!

Doctor, Dentist and Chemist
If you have toothache, you should go to your dentist. He'll examine your teeth, and if the aching tooth is not too far gone, he'll stop it. If it is too bad, he'll take it out. If you don'

EXERCISES
1. Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Con­centrate your attention on the intonation of the replies: Verbal Context

Listen to your fellow-student reading the replies, tell him (her) what his (her) errors in intonation are.
6. Listen to the Verbal Context suggested by the teacher. Reply by using one of the sentences below. Pronounce it with Intonation Pattern X. Say what attitude you mean to render:

E) Imagine you are telling the class about your recent trip to London.
13. This exercise is meant to revise Intonation Pattern IX. Read the following dialogue. Use the High Fall to express personal concern, involve­ment: — What are you going

Wrong Pronunciation
A Frenchman who had learned English at school, but had half forgotten it, was staying in London on business. It was in the month of November, and the weather was most un­pleasant, disagreeable, dam

EXERCISES
1. Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Concen­trate your attention on the intonation of the replies: Verbal Context

Ordering a Meal
— Is this table free, waiter? — I'm sorry, sir, those two tables have just been reserved by telephone, but that one over there's free. — What a pity! We wanted to be near the danc

EXERCISES
1. Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Concen­trate your attention on the intonation of the replies: Verbal Context

Listen to a fellow-student reading the replies, point out his errors in pronunciation.
6. Use the Fall + Rise in the replies. Say what attitude you mean to render Verbal Context Drill

Give your own replies to the Verbal Context of Ex. 1 and 6.
9. Read the following situations. Convey the attitudes suggested in brackets: Don't cry. I wish I hadn't been so rude. You have all me sym­pathy. (regret, sympathy)

At the Lessen
"Well, Alex, how much is two plus one?" asked the teacher, "I don't know, sir," answered the boy. "Well, Alex! Fancy I give you two dogs and then one dog more. Mow many dog

Listen to a fellow-student reading the replies. Tell him (her) what his (her) errors in intonation are.
6. Listen to your teacher reading the Verbal Context below. Reply by using Sliding Head + High Fall in the drill sentences. Say what attitude you mean to render:

Read the following sentences expressing the attitudes suggested in brackets. Use them In conversational situations of your own;
(detached, phlegmatic, reserved) Shall I ask him about it again? Can you translate a few sentences? Well, will you come and see her tomorrow? Could we mee

This exercise is meant to develop your ability to hear the intonation and reproduce it in proper speech situations.
a) listen to the Joke "Weather Forecasts”, sentence by sentence. Write it down. Mark the stresses and tunes. Practise the text b) listen carefully to the narration of the joke. Observ

EXERCISES
1. Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Concentrate your attention on the intonation of the replies: Verbal Context

Listen to a fellow-student reading the replies. Tell him (her) what his (her) errors in pronunciation are.
6. listen to your teacher reading the Verbal Context below. Reply by using one of the drill sentences. Pronounce it with Intonation Pattern XII. Say what attitude you mean to render:

Make up a dialogue of your own, using some of the phrases from the dialogues above.
12. Read the following sentences. The prompts in brackets will help you to determine the position of the logical stress. Make up a situation to prove the position of the logical stress:

May Day
For over 100 years now May Day has been recognized in some countries of the world as the workers' day. It is the day on which workers in these countries master their strength, and demonstrate their

EXERCISES I.
HIGH PRE-HEAD + LOW FALL (+ TAIL) Model: -I \do /think it's a Ipity. 1. Listen carefully to t

Listen to a fellow-student reading the replies. Tell him (her) what his (her) errors in pronunciation are.
6. Read the drill sentences according to the given model. Concentrate your attention on the High Pre-Head: Verbal Context

Listen to a fellow-student reading the replies. Tell him (her) what his (her) errors in pronunciation are.
12. Read the drill sentences according to the given model. Concentrate your attention on the High Pre-Head: Verbal Context

Listen to a fellow-student reading the replies. Tell him (her) what his (her) errors in pronunciation are.
18. Read the drill sentences according to the given model. Concentrate your attention on the High Pie-Head: Verbal Context

D) Make up a talk with a fellow-student, using phrases from the dialogue above.
21. Read the following sentences, using intonation patterns you find suitable. Use them in conversational situations of your own: Mine's rather an old-fashioned model comp

This exercise is meant to test your ability to introduce some teaching material in class with correct intonation.
Read the extract from the lecture silently. Intone it Single out the communicative centres. Make them prominent as in the model above. Read and act the extract according to the model:

SECTION TWO
Ex. 16.One day Mrs. Johnes went shopping. When her husband came home in the evening, she began to tell him about a beautiful cotton dress. She saw it in the shop that morning she s

Ex. 12. Dinner-table Talk
— Good evening. I'm so glad you were able to come ... . Dinner's ready. Let's go into the dining-room. Mrs. Thompson, will you sit here on my left, and you, Mr. Thompson, there .... How long have y

Ex. 12. About the Job
Harry: Well, Robert, have you made up your mind yet what you want to do when you leave college? Nora: Oh, Harry, surely he's a bit young to decide on his career? be hasn't even got to coll

Ex. 21. Weather Forecasts
Two men were travelling in a very wild part of America. They saw no modern houses and no traces of civilization for many days. What they saw were only a few huts made of wood or tents where Indians

Ex. 13. Commerce and Industry
Great Britain is one of the most important commercial and trading centres in the world. Britain buys more goods than she sells; her imports exceed her export. Not being a great argi-cultural countr

Ex. 20. Broadcast Programme
— Well, how's your set going? — Oh, not too badly, though I've had some difficulty lately in getting good reception from the more distant stations. — Yes, I've noticed quite a lot

REVISION EXERCISES ON TENSE AND VOICE
(To Units One—Three) 1. a) Comment at» the use of the Present Indefinite and the Present Continuous: i. I'm glad to know that you are coming to E

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD AND THE CONDITIONAL MOOD
(To Units One—Three) 19. Name the oblique moods used in the following sentences and translate the sentences into Russian: 1. If I were young I sh

Complete the following sentences a) using the Conditional Mood;
1. If it were not so late ... . 2. If it were Sunday today ... . 3. If you invited him ... . 4. If I were you ... . 5. If she lived in Moscow ... . 6. If you had waited -a little ... . 7. If I coul

MODAL VERBS
(To Units Four—Six) can, may 32. Say whether could is the form of the Indicative or of the Subjunctive. Translate the sentences into Russian: 1. He took up

Translate Into English, using; the verb can;
1. He может быть, чтобы он солгал. Это на него не похоже. 2. Неужели это правде, что он стал известным актером? 3. Не может быть, чтобы они были брат и сестра. Они совсем не похожи друг на друга. 4

Shall, will
65. Comment on the modal colouring of the following sentences with shall: 1. You shall not search my rooms. You have no right to do it. I forbid you! 2. He hasn't seen

REVISION EXERCISES ON MOOD AND MODAL VERBS
71. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the appropriate oblique mood: 1. If I (to be) as young as you are, I (to have) a walking holiday. 2. Perhaps, she (not to look)

Translate the following sentences Sato English. Pay attention to the use of the oblique moods;
1. Как жаль, что вы были так неосторожны. Этого бы не случилось, если бы вы послушали совета ваших друзей, 2. Если бы не луна, сейчас было бы совсем темно. 3. Он выглядел таким усталым, как будто д

The Infinitive
85. Comment on the forms of the infinitives: 1. Lady Franklin was horrified at herself. To have asked his name, to have been told his name, and to have forgotten it! 2. Sh

D) as attribute;
1. He was always the first ... . 2. We have nothing .... 3. This is a chance ... . 4. Benny has no friends ... . 5. He is not a man ... . 6. She made an attempt ... . 7. Is there anybody ... ? 8. H

The Gerund
111. Point out the Gerund and comment on its noun and verb characteristics. Translate the sentences into Russian: 1. Talking about ourselves is what we modern authors have

Translate the sentences Into English, using the Gerund;
1. Я помню, что была больна в это время. 2. Она продолжала молчать, так как боялась обидеть его, если расскажет всю правду. 3. Нельзя привыкнуть к тому, что тебя оскорбляют. 4. Увидев меня, ребенок

The Participles
124. Point out the First Participle and state its functions in the sentence: 1. She sat very still, and the train rattled on in the dying twilight. 2.1 sat quite silent, w

REVISION EXERCISES ON THE VERBAIS
138. State the function of the Infinitive in the following sentences and translate them into Russian: 1. To live a healthy life in the country was good for them. 2. It was