Since the days when men climbed down out of the trees, he has spread out all over the earth in hot countries and cold, in mountains, jungle swamps and fertile valleys.
Wherever men went they lived in ways that suited the climate and geography of the particular place where they settled. For a long time they continued to look pretty much alike. Then there developed differences – in their skin colour, in the shape of their heads and in other minor physical features. In Africa, the isolated group developed darker skins; in Asia, yellow skins and slanting eyes; in Europe – fair or "white" skins.
The feature most used to distinguish the mankind is the colour of their skin. All three races – black, white, and yellow – are very much the same in other physical features. In each race there are some people who are tall and some who are short; some are long-headed, some round-headed. In each race there are some people who belong to blood group A, some to group B, some to AB and some to O. But all races are members of the same species. And wherever and whenever any group of any colour had the chance, they did their part in forwarding the march of human progress. History does not belong exclusively to any one race; it is shared by all. No race is more generous than any other race. You can make an important invention or write a great book or become a hero whatever the colour your skin or the shape of your head may be.
15. Get ready for the following imaginary situations:
1. You are to write an article about Charles Darwin's voyage around the world. Make up a plan of your article. Which points of his voyage are the most important and why?
2. An acquaintance of yours is going to make a voyage around the world. Advise him to follow Darwin's route, what places to visit and what to take note of.
3. A group of schoolchildren have come to visit our faculty. They have seen our wall-newspaper "The Beagle" and got interested in its title. Tell them what this title means.
4. Your friend doesn't believe in evolution. With the help of a time-machine you have managed to take him to the primitive age (several million years back). You see only amphibians and primitive scorpion around. Trace the development of life on earth. Discuss it.
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The simple present tense
1. Read the following in the third person singular
1. They wish to speak to you. (He)
2. Buses pass my house every hour.
3. They help their father. (He)
4. We change planes at Heathrow.
5. You watch too much TV. (He)
6. They worry too much. (He)
7. I cash a cheque every month. (He)
8. I always carry an umbrella. (She)
9. They wash the floor every week. (She)
10. His sons go to the local school.
11. These seats cost £10.
12. Elephants never forget.
13. They usually catch the 8.10 bus.
14. They sometimes miss the bus.
15. I mix the ingredients together.
16. The rivers freeze in winter.
17. They fly from London to Edinburgh.
18. The carpets match the curtains.
19. They realize the danger.
20. I use a computer.
21. They do nothing. They lie in bed all day.
22. The boys hurry home after school.
23. They kiss their mother.
24. They dress well.
25. Your children rely on you.
26. You fry everything.
27. The taxes rise every year.
28. They do exercises every morning.
29. Do you like boiled eggs? (He)
30. What do they do on their days off?
2. Read the following (a) in the negative (b) in the interrogative
1. You know the answer.
2. He has breakfast at 8.00.
3. He loves her.
4. Some schoolgirls wear uniforms.
5. He trusts you.
6. He tries hard.
7. The park closes at dusk.
8. He misses his mother.
9. The children like sweets.
10. He finishes work at 6.00.
11. He lives beside the sea.
12. He bullies his sisters.
13. This stove heats the water.
14. She has a cooked breakfast.
15. She carries a sleeping bag.
16. He usually believes you.
17. She dances in competitions.
18. You remember the address.
19. She plays chess very well.
20. He worries about her.
21. These thieves work at night.
22. He leaves home at 8.00 every day.
23. Ann arranges everything.
24. She agrees with you.
25. Their dogs bark all night.
26. Their neighbours often complain.
27. Tom enjoys driving at night.
28. He engages new staff every spring.
29. Tom looks very well.
30. They sell fresh grape juice here.
31. She cuts her husband's hair.
32. They pick the apples in October.
33. The last train leaves at midnight.
34. He relaxes at weekends.
35. She refuses to discuss it.